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Zhang S, Zhao L, Yu M, Guo J, Liu C, Zhu C, Zhao M, Huang Y, Zheng Y. Measurement Methods for Droplet Adhesion Characteristics and Micrometer-Scale Quantification of Contact Angle on Superhydrophobic Surfaces: Challenges and Opportunities. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:9873-9891. [PMID: 38695884 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c03967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2024]
Abstract
Inspired by nature, superhydrophobic surfaces have been widely studied. Usually the wettability of a superhydrophobic surface is quantified by the macroscopic contact angle. However, this method has various limitations, especially for precision micro devices with superhydrophobic surfaces, such as biomimetic artificial compound eyes and biomimetic water strider robots. These precision micro devices with superhydrophobic surfaces proposed a higher demand for the quantification of contact angles, requiring contact angle quantification technology to have micrometer-scale measurement capabilities. In this review, it is proposed to achieve micrometer-scale quantification of superhydrophobic surface contact angles through droplet adhesion characteristics (adhesion force and contact radius). Existing contact angle quantification techniques and droplet characteristics' measurement methods were described in detail. The advancement of micrometer-scale quantification technology for the contact angle of superhydrophobic surfaces will enhance our understanding of superhydrophobic surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingzhe Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Meike Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinwei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuntian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyuan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Meirong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinguo Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Yelong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China
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2
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Yang L, Liu X, Wang J, Zhang P. An Experimental Study on Complete Droplet Rebound from Soft Surfaces: Critical Weber Numbers, Maximum Spreading, and Contact Time. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:2165-2173. [PMID: 38232322 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c03126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Droplet impact on soft surfaces (PDMS) was experimentally studied with particular interest in the complete rebound of droplets. This study focuses on the effect of liquid viscosity and the elastic modulus of the substrate on the critical rebound Weber number, maximum spreading, and contact time. Specifically, the lower and upper critical Weber numbers increase with an increasing droplet viscosity. With decreasing PDMS elastic modulus, the upper critical Weber number increases, while the lower critical Weber number decreases. The PDMS elastic modulus does not significantly affect the maximum spreading time and contact time. An interesting phenomenon of discontinuous contact time was experimentally observed and was theoretically interpreted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yang
- College of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Ximiao Liu
- College of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Jinyang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Engines, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, PR China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong
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3
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Chen X, Wang YF, Yang YR, Wang XD, Lee DJ. Contact Time of Droplet Impact on Superhydrophobic Cylindrical Surfaces with a Ridge. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:18644-18653. [PMID: 38051278 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c03149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates whether adding ridges to a superhydrophobic cylindrical surface can reduce contact times compared to those of ridged flat or cylindrical surfaces, inspired by the shortened contact time achieved by adding ridges to flat surfaces. The study focuses on studying azimuthal ridges on the cylinder through experimentation, emphasizing the impact dynamics and contact time characteristics under varying We (Weber number) and D* (dimensionless droplet diameter). Within the ultralow Weber number range (ULWR), low Weber number range (LWR), and medium Weber number range (MWR), the contact time is longer than on ridged flat surfaces. In the high Weber number range (HWR), the opposite is observed: increased inertial forces lead to the rupture of the liquid film above the ridges due to Rayleigh-Plateau instability. As a result, the primary droplet splits into two sections with curvature effects promoting its recoiling and rebounding. This study introduces a criterion, defined as C = We/D*, and finds that when C exceeds 2.42, not only is the contact time shorter than on ridged flat or cylindrical surfaces, but it also further decreases with an increase in We or a decrease in D*. The contact time characteristics observed in the HWR offer potential applications in areas such as anti-icing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
- Research Center of Engineering Thermophysics, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yi-Feng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
- Research Center of Engineering Thermophysics, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yan-Ru Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
- Research Center of Engineering Thermophysics, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
- Research Center of Engineering Thermophysics, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Duu-Jong Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, 999077 Kowloon, Hong Kong
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, Yuan-Ze University, Chungli 320, Taiwan
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Biroun M, Haworth L, Abdolnezhad H, Khosravi A, Agrawal P, McHale G, Torun H, Semprebon C, Jabbari M, Fu YQ. Impact Dynamics of Non-Newtonian Droplets on Superhydrophobic Surfaces. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:5793-5802. [PMID: 37041655 PMCID: PMC10134492 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c00043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Droplet impact behavior on a solid surface is critical for many industrial applications such as spray coating, food production, printing, and agriculture. For all of these applications, a common challenge is to modify and control the impact regime and contact time of the droplets. This challenge becomes more critical for non-Newtonian liquids with complex rheology. In this research, we explored the impact dynamics of non-Newtonian liquids (by adding different concentrations of Xanthan into water) on superhydrophobic surfaces. Our experimental results show that by increasing the Xanthan concentration in water, the shapes of the bouncing droplet are dramatically altered, e.g., its shape at the separation moment is changed from a conventional vertical jetting into a "mushroom"-like one. As a result, the contact time of the non-Newtonian droplet could be reduced by up to ∼50%. We compare the impact scenarios of Xanthan liquids with those of glycerol solutions having a similar apparent viscosity, and results show that the differences in the elongation viscosity induce different impact dynamics of the droplets. Finally, we show that by increasing the Weber number for all of the liquids, the contact time is reduced, and the maximum spreading radius is increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi
H. Biroun
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University College
London, London WC1E 7JE, U.K.
- Faculty
of Engineering and Environment, University
of Northumbria, Newcastle
upon Tyne NE1 8ST, U.K.
| | - Luke Haworth
- Faculty
of Engineering and Environment, University
of Northumbria, Newcastle
upon Tyne NE1 8ST, U.K.
| | - Hossein Abdolnezhad
- Faculty
of Engineering and Environment, University
of Northumbria, Newcastle
upon Tyne NE1 8ST, U.K.
| | - Arash Khosravi
- School
of Mechanical Engineering, Iran University
of Science and Technology, Tehran 13114-16846, Iran
| | - Prashant Agrawal
- Faculty
of Engineering and Environment, University
of Northumbria, Newcastle
upon Tyne NE1 8ST, U.K.
| | - Glen McHale
- Institute
for Multiscale Thermofluids, School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Kings Building, Edinburgh EH9 3FB, U.K.
| | - Hamdi Torun
- Faculty
of Engineering and Environment, University
of Northumbria, Newcastle
upon Tyne NE1 8ST, U.K.
| | - Ciro Semprebon
- Faculty
of Engineering and Environment, University
of Northumbria, Newcastle
upon Tyne NE1 8ST, U.K.
| | - Masoud Jabbari
- School
of Mechanical Engineering, University of
Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
| | - Yong-Qing Fu
- Faculty
of Engineering and Environment, University
of Northumbria, Newcastle
upon Tyne NE1 8ST, U.K.
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Xin J, Jia K, Yu L, Li H, Ning J, Zheng X, Wu H, Liu X, Huang L, Wen W. Controlling high-speed droplet splashing and superspreading behavior on anisotropic superhydrophobic leaf surfaces by ecofriendly Pseudogemini surfactants. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2023. [PMID: 36994611 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Efficient deposition of high-speed droplets on superhydrophobic leaf surfaces remains an important challenge. For anisotropic wired superhydrophobic leaf surfaces, the splashing phenomenon is especially serious because it leads to the low effective utilization of pesticides by biological targets. The lost pesticides cause serious ecological environment pollution, therefore there is an urgent need to develop a green and sustainable cost-effective strategy to achieve efficient deposition of high-speed droplets on anisotropic superhydrophobic leaf surfaces at low dosage. RESULTS One type of green pseudogemini surfactant is constructed based on fatty acids and hexamethylenediamine by electrostatic interaction to control the splashing and spreading of high-speed droplets on superhydrophobic surfaces. The formed surfactant can not only achieve complete inhibition of the bouncing of droplets, but also promote rapid spreading on superhydrophobic leaf surfaces at very low usage. The efficient deposition and superspreading phenomenon are attributed to the rapid migration and adsorption of the surfactant from the dynamic spherical micelles at the newly formed solid-liquid interface, the network-like aggregated spherical micelles, and the Marangoni effect caused by the surface tension gradient. Moreover, the surfactant shows an excellent synergistic effect with herbicides to control weeds by inhibiting droplet splashing. CONCLUSION This work provides a simpler, more effective and sustainable approach to utilize aggregated spherical micelles rather than conventional vesicles or wormlike micelles to improve the droplet deposition on superhydrophobic leaf surfaces and reduce the impact of surfactants and pesticides on the ecological environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlan Xin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Industrial Surfactant, Institute of Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Kangle Jia
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Industrial Surfactant, Institute of Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Longfei Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Industrial Surfactant, Institute of Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Huanling Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Industrial Surfactant, Institute of Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Junhua Ning
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Industrial Surfactant, Institute of Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoshan Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Industrial Surfactant, Institute of Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Haifu Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Industrial Surfactant, Institute of Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xingxing Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Industrial Surfactant, Institute of Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Linjia Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Industrial Surfactant, Institute of Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Wu Wen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Industrial Surfactant, Institute of Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, P. R. China
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6
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Esmaeili AR, Meisoll G, Mir N, Mohammadi R. On the droplet impact dynamics of nonionic surfactant solutions on non-wettable coatings. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.05.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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7
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Choi W, Yun S. Characterizing the Bounce and Separation Dynamics of Janus Drop on Macrotextured Surface. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14122322. [PMID: 35745898 PMCID: PMC9229261 DOI: 10.3390/polym14122322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Janus drops are thermodynamically stable when a high-viscosity fluid is imposed on a low-viscosity fluid. To understand physical mechanisms in Janus drop impact on macrotextured surfaces, several challenges in finding parameters or strategies still remain. Here, this study investigates the asymmetric bounce and separation of impinging Janus drops on non-wettable surfaces decorated with a macroridge to explore the effect of the drop size, viscosity ratio, and ridge size on the dynamics. Through numerical simulations, we determine the threshold Weber number, above which separation occurs, by varying drop diameters and viscosity ratios of the Janus drops. We investigate the initial bouncing directions of separated drops as a function of the impact velocity and viscosity ratio. We also predict how the separation efficiency is affected by the ridge’s height and width. The asymmetric impact dynamics of Janus drops on macrotextured surfaces can provide new strategies to control drop bouncing in applications, such as liquid separation and purification.
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8
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Du J, Wang X, Li Y, Min Q. How an Oxide Layer Influences the Impact Dynamics of Galinstan Droplets on a Superhydrophobic Surface. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:5645-5655. [PMID: 35482446 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c00225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
When exposed to air, gallium-based alloys rapidly form a thin oxide layer with viscoelasticity and high adhesion. Although previous work demonstrated that an oxide layer inhibits liquid metal droplet rebound, there is still a lack of a quantitative study to elaborate how an oxide layer affects the impact dynamics. To address this issue, we experimentally investigate Galinstan droplet impingement on a superhydrophobic CuO nanoblade surface and physically explain the difference in the dynamic characteristics of oxidized and unoxidized droplets. Experimental results show that the effect of an oxide layer becomes prominent during the retraction phase. The high adhesion significantly suppresses retraction and rebound, while the elastic response prevents a droplet from sufficiently stretching and maintains the stability of the morphology. More importantly, we systematically and quantitatively explore the influence of an oxide layer on several critical impact parameters, which contributes to a comprehensive understanding of the impact dynamics of liquid metal droplets. It is indicated that an oxide layer has little effect on the maximum spreading factor and spreading time, whereas it causes a 45% reduction of the restitution coefficient and a 36% increase in contact time. Notably, the scaling laws that describe the critical impact parameters of unoxidized droplets show good agreement with the ones known from ordinary Newtonian fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Du
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Reactor Engineering and Safety of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Nuclear Energy Technology, Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Reactor Engineering and Safety of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Nuclear Energy Technology, Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yanzhi Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Reactor Engineering and Safety of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Nuclear Energy Technology, Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qi Min
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Reactor Engineering and Safety of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Nuclear Energy Technology, Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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9
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Kolanjiyil AV, Alfaifi A, Aladwani G, Golshahi L, Longest W. Importance of Spray–Wall Interaction and Post-Deposition Liquid Motion in the Transport and Delivery of Pharmaceutical Nasal Sprays. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14050956. [PMID: 35631539 PMCID: PMC9145669 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14050956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Nasal sprays, which produce relatively large pharmaceutical droplets and have high momentum, are primarily used to deliver locally acting drugs to the nasal mucosa. Depending on spray pump administration conditions and insertion angles, nasal sprays may interact with the nasal surface in ways that creates complex droplet–wall interactions followed by significant liquid motion after initial wall contact. Additionally, liquid motion can occur after deposition as the spray liquid moves in bulk along the nasal surface. It is difficult or impossible to capture these conditions with commonly used computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models of spray droplet transport that typically employ a deposit-on-touch boundary condition. Hence, an updated CFD framework with a new spray–wall interaction (SWI) model in tandem with a post-deposition liquid motion (PDLM) model was developed and applied to evaluate nasal spray delivery for Flonase and Flonase Sensimist products. For both nasal spray products, CFD revealed significant effects of the spray momentum on surface liquid motion, as well as motion of the surface film due to airflow generated shear stress and gravity. With Flonase, these factors substantially influenced the final resting place of the liquid. For Flonase Sensimist, anterior and posterior liquid movements were approximately balanced over time. As a result, comparisons with concurrent in vitro experimental results were substantially improved for Flonase compared with the traditional deposit-on-touch boundary condition. The new SWI-PDLM model highlights the dynamicenvironment that occurs when a nasal spray interacts with a nasal wall surface and can be used to better understand the delivery of current nasal spray products as well as to develop new nasal drug delivery strategies with improved regional targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun V. Kolanjiyil
- Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA; (A.V.K.); (A.A.); (G.A.); (L.G.)
| | - Ali Alfaifi
- Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA; (A.V.K.); (A.A.); (G.A.); (L.G.)
| | - Ghali Aladwani
- Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA; (A.V.K.); (A.A.); (G.A.); (L.G.)
| | - Laleh Golshahi
- Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA; (A.V.K.); (A.A.); (G.A.); (L.G.)
| | - Worth Longest
- Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA; (A.V.K.); (A.A.); (G.A.); (L.G.)
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
- Correspondence:
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10
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Hu Z, Chu F, Lin Y, Wu X. Contact Time of Droplet Impact on Inclined Ridged Superhydrophobic Surfaces. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:1540-1549. [PMID: 35072484 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c03001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Superhydrophobic surfaces decorated with macrostructures have attracted extensive attention due to their excellent performance of reducing the contact time of impacting droplets. In many practical applications, the surface is not perpendicular to the droplet impact direction, but the impacting dynamics in such scenarios still remain mysterious. Here, we experimentally investigate the dynamics of droplet impact on inclined ridged superhydrophobic surfaces and reveal the effect of Wen (the normal Weber number) and α (the inclination angle) on the contact time τ. As Wen increases, τ first decreases rapidly until a platform is reached; if Wen continues to increase, τ further reduces to a lower platform, indicating a three-stage variation of τ in low, middle, and high Wen regions. In the middle and high Wen regions, the contact time is reduced by 30 and 50%, respectively, and is dominated by droplet spreading/retraction in the tangential and lateral directions, respectively. A quantitative analysis demonstrates that τ in the middle and high Wen regions is independent of Wen and α, while the range of middle and high Wen regions is related to α. When α < 30°, increasing α narrows the middle Wen region and enlarges the high Wen region; when α ≥ 30°, the two Wen regions remain unchanged. In addition, droplet sliding is hindered by the friction and is affected by the droplet morphology in the high Wen region. Overall, the synergistic effect of the surface inclination and macrostructures effectively promotes the detachment of impacting droplets on superhydrophobic surfaces, which provides guidance for applications of superhydrophobic surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifeng Hu
- Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Fuqiang Chu
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yukai Lin
- Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiaomin Wu
- Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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11
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He Z, Jamil MI, Li T, Zhang Q. Enhanced Surface Icephobicity on an Elastic Substrate. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:18-35. [PMID: 34919404 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c02168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ice accumulation on exposed surfaces is unavoidable as time elapses and the temperature decreases sufficiently. To mitigate icing problems, various types of icephobic substrates have been rationally designed, including superhydrophobic substrates (SHSs), aqueous lubricating layers, organic lubricating layers, organogels, polyelectrolyte brush layers, electrolyte-based hydrogels, elastic substrates, and multicrack initiator-promoted surfaces. Among these surfaces, elastic substrates show excellent enhanced surface icephobicity during dynamic processes (i.e., water-impacting and de-icing tests). Herein, we summarize recent progress in elastic icephobic substrates and discuss the reasons that surface icephobicity can be enhanced on elastic substrates in terms of enhanced water repellency and further lowering the ice adhesion strength. For enhanced water repellency, we focus on reducing the contact time of water impacting such that water droplets can be easily shed from an elastic substrate before ice occurs. Reducing the contact time of water impacting various substrates (i.e., micro/nanostructured rigid SHSs, macrotextured rigid SHSs, and elastic SHSs) is discussed, followed by exploring their mechanisms. We argue that the ice adhesion strength can be further lowered on an elastic substrate by rationally tuning the elastic modulus and surface textures (i.e., surface textured and hollow subsurface textured) and combining elastic substrate with other passive anti-icing strategies (or functioning passive icephobic substrates with an electrothermal or photothermal stimulus). In short, the introduction of an elastic substrate into a passive or active icephobicity surface opens an avenue toward designing a versatile icephobic surface, providing great potential for outdoor anti-icing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei He
- Center for Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, Anti-Icing Materials (AIM) Laboratory, College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Muhammad Imran Jamil
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Engineering Manufacture Technology, College of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Tong Li
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Engineering Manufacture Technology, College of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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12
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Yun S. Effect of Viscosity on Bouncing Dynamics of Elliptical Footprint Drops on Non-Wettable Ridged Surfaces. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13244296. [PMID: 34960845 PMCID: PMC8708435 DOI: 10.3390/polym13244296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
An initial drop shape can alter the bouncing dynamics and significantly decrease the residence time on superhydrophobic surfaces. Elliptical footprint drops show asymmetric dynamics owing to a pronounced flow driven by the initial drop shape. However, the fundamental understanding of the effect of viscosity on the asymmetric dynamics has yet to be investigated, although viscous liquid drop impact on textured surfaces is of scientific and industrial importance. Here, the current study focuses on the impact of elliptical footprint drops with various liquid properties (density, surface tension, and viscosity), drop sizes, and impact velocities to study the bouncing dynamics and residence time on non-wettable ridged surfaces numerically by using a volume-of-fluid method. The underlying mechanism behind the variation in residence time is interpreted by analyzing the shape evolution, and the results are discussed in terms of the spreading, retraction, and bouncing. This study provides an insight on possible outcomes of viscous drops impinging on non-wettable surfaces and will help to design the desired spraying devices and macro-textured surfaces under different impact conditions, such as icephobic surfaces for freezing rain or viscous liquids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungchan Yun
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju 27469, Korea
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13
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Esmaeili AR, Mir N, Mohammadi R. Impact Dynamics and Freezing Behavior of Surfactant-Laden Droplets on Non-Wettable Coatings at Subzero Temperatures. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:11049-11060. [PMID: 34498877 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c01639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigates the impact and freezing behavior of the droplets of surfactant solutions on non-wettable coatings at very low temperatures of -10 to -30 °C. Our goal is to elucidate the critical role of concentration, molecular weight, and ionic nature of surfactants on these phenomena. To achieve this goal, we used sodium dodecyl sulfate (anionic), hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (cationic), and n-decanoyl-n-methylglucamine (nonionic) at four concentrations ranging from 0 to 2 × CMC (critical micelle concentration). We captured the impact-freezing of the droplets on superhydrophobic alkyl ketene dimer coatings using a high-speed camera at 5000 frames per second. The results show that the ability of the droplets to spread and retract on the coatings is a function of concentration, ionic nature, and molecular weight of the surfactants, as well as the temperature-dependent viscosity of the solutions. Additionally, surfactant-laden droplets generally demonstrated an accelerated freezing compared to pure water. This might be due to the fact that the presence of surfactants can promote both heterogeneous ice nucleation from within the liquid and a larger solid-liquid interfacial area by filling the air pockets of the surface, leading to enhanced heat transfer. The behavior of the cationic surfactant at certain concentrations was, however, an exception leading to a freezing delay, for which a mechanism will be proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir R Esmaeili
- Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
| | - Noshin Mir
- Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
| | - Reza Mohammadi
- Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
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14
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Yilbas BS, Hassan G, Yilbas AE, Abubakar AA, Al-Qahtani H. On the Mechanism of Human Saliva Interaction with Environmental Dust in Relation to Spreading of Viruses. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:4714-4726. [PMID: 33835806 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c00583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Environmental effects such as dust mitigation can amplify the spread of viruses via inhaling infected dust particles. Infusion and the spreading rate of human saliva over the dust particles can play a critical role in contiguous virus spread. In the present study, mechanical and chemical interactions of human saliva with environmental dust particles are considered. The saliva droplet impact on dust particles is examined while mimicking saliva droplet spreading during coughing in a dusty ambience. The mechanisms of saliva infusion and cloaking on the dust particles are explored. The characteristics of saliva droplet normal and oblique impacts on a dust particle are examined experimentally and numerically to evaluate the amount of saliva residues on the impacted particle surface. The findings reveal that the saliva liquid infuses and cloaks the dust particle surfaces. The saliva droplet impact on the dust particles leaves a considerable amount of saliva residues on the impacted surfaces, which remain undried for a prolonged period in indoor environments. Weak adhesion of the saliva-infected dust particles on surfaces, such as glass surfaces, enables saliva-infected dust particles to rejoin neighboring ambient air while possessing a high potential for virus spreading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bekir Sami Yilbas
- Mechanical Engineering Department, KFUPM, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Research Excellence in Renewable Energy (CoRE-RE), KFUPM, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
- Senior Researcher at K.A.CARE Energy Research & Innovation Center, DTV, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghassan Hassan
- Mechanical Engineering Department, KFUPM, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
- Researcher at K.A.CARE Energy Research & Innovation Center, DTV, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayse Elif Yilbas
- University of Ottawa, General Surgery, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Abba A Abubakar
- Mechanical Engineering Department, KFUPM, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
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15
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Hu Z, Zhang X, Gao S, Yuan Z, Lin Y, Chu F, Wu X. Axial spreading of droplet impact on ridged superhydrophobic surfaces. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 599:130-139. [PMID: 33933788 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.04.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Due to the complex hydrodynamics of droplet impact on ridged superhydrophobic surfaces, quantitative droplet spreading characteristics are unrevealed, limiting the practical applications of ridged superhydrophobic surfaces. During droplet impacting, the size ratio (the ratio of the ridge diameter to the droplet diameter) is an important factor that affects droplet spreading dynamics. EXPERIMENTS We fabricated ridged superhydrophobic surfaces with size ratios ranging from zero to one, and conduct water droplet impact experiments on these surfaces at varied Weber numbers. Aided by the numerical simulations and theoretical analysis, we illustrate the droplet spreading dynamics and reveal the law on the maximum axial spreading coefficient. FINDS The results show that the droplet spreading and retraction dynamics on ridged superhydrophobic surfaces are significantly asymmetric in the axial and spanwise directions. Focusing on the maximum axial spreading coefficient, we find it decreases first and then increases with increasing size ratios, indicating the existence of the critical size ratio. The maximum axial spreading coefficient can be reduced by 25-40% at the critical size ratio compared with that on flat surfaces. To predict the maximum axial spreading coefficient, two theoretical models are proposed respectively for size ratios smaller and larger than the critical size ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifeng Hu
- Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory for CO(2) Utilization and Reduction Technology, Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory for CO(2) Utilization and Reduction Technology, Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Sihang Gao
- Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory for CO(2) Utilization and Reduction Technology, Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhiping Yuan
- Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory for CO(2) Utilization and Reduction Technology, Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yukai Lin
- Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory for CO(2) Utilization and Reduction Technology, Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Fuqiang Chu
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Xiaomin Wu
- Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory for CO(2) Utilization and Reduction Technology, Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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16
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Yilbas BS, Abubakar AA, Ali H, Al-Sharafi A, Sahin AZ, Sunar M, Al-Qahtani H. Impacting Water Droplets Can Alleviate Dust from Slanted Hydrophobic Surfaces. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:4355-4369. [PMID: 33789039 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c00436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Water droplet impacting on a slanted dusty hydrophobic surface is examined in relation to dust mitigation from surfaces. Impacting droplet characteristics including droplet spreading/retraction rates, slipping length, and rebound heights are analyzed via high-speed recording and a tracker program. The environmental dust characteristics in terms of size, shape, elemental composition, and surface free energy are evaluated by adopting the analytical methods. The findings reveal that the dynamic characteristics of the impacting droplet on the slanted hydrophobic surface are significantly influenced by the dust particles. The maximum droplet spreading over the dusty surface becomes smaller than that of the nondusty surface. The presence of the dust particles on the slanted hydrophobic surface increases energy dissipation, and the water droplet slipping length over the surface becomes less than that corresponding to the nondusty surface. Impacting droplet fluid infuses over the dust particle surface, which enables mitigation of dust from the surface to the droplet fluid. A dust-mitigated area on the slanted surface is larger than that corresponding to the horizontal surface; in which case, the area ratio becomes almost six-fold, which slightly reduces with increasing Weber number. The optical transmittance of the dust-mitigated surface by the impacting droplet remains high.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bekir S Yilbas
- Mechanical Engineering Department, KFUPM, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Research Excellence in Renewable Energy (CoRE-RE), KFUPM, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
- Senior Researcher at K.A.CARE Energy Research & Innovation Center, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abba A Abubakar
- Mechanical Engineering Department, KFUPM, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haider Ali
- DHA Suffa University, Karacity City 75500, Pakistan
| | - Abdullah Al-Sharafi
- Mechanical Engineering Department, KFUPM, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
- Researcher at K.A.CARE Energy Research & Innovation Center, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmet Z Sahin
- Mechanical Engineering Department, KFUPM, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mehmet Sunar
- Yildirim Beyazit Universitesi, Ankara 06760, Turkey
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17
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Self-separation of the adsorbent after recovery of rare-earth metals: Designing a novel non-wettable polymer. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.118152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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18
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Esmaeili AR, Mir N, Mohammadi R. Further Step toward a Comprehensive Understanding of the Effect of Surfactant Additions on Altering the Impact Dynamics of Water Droplets. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:841-851. [PMID: 33397113 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c03192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The addition of surfactants to pure water for specific applications has made controlling the impact dynamics of surfactant-laden droplets a complex phenomenon. This work investigates the influence of the molecular weight (MW), concentration, and ionic nature of the surfactants as well as the substrate surface characteristics on the impact dynamics of surfactant-laden droplets using a high-speed camera at 10 000 frames per second. Sodium dodecyl sulfate, hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide, and n-decanoyl-n-methylglucamine were used as anionic, cationic, and nonionic surfactants, respectively. We used hydrophilic glass slides, hydrophobic polytetrafluoroethylene, and superhydrophobic alkyl ketene dimer (AKD) as substrates. The results show that the efficiency of the surfactant addition in increasing the maximum spreading diameter is significantly influenced by the molecular weight and ionic nature of the solutions as well as the nonwettability of the substrate. Among all of the surfaces examined, the concentration and ionic nature of the solutions were found to be more dominant parameters in determining the energy dissipation in the retraction phase of the droplet impact on the superhydrophobic AKD surfaces. As the concentration decreases or positive charges are present in the solution, it is more likely to observe a similar retraction dynamic to pure water when the droplet hits the superhydrophobic AKD having negatively charged surface sites. Finally, in terms of the impact outcomes of the surfactant-laden droplets on the superhydrophobic AKD, it is shown that the influence of the surfactant addition is more noticeable at lower Weber numbers, where the droplet tries to rebound by overcoming the energy loss that occurred in the spreading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir R Esmaeili
- Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
| | - Noshin Mir
- Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
| | - Reza Mohammadi
- Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
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Parvate S, Dixit P, Chattopadhyay S. Superhydrophobic Surfaces: Insights from Theory and Experiment. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:1323-1360. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b08567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Parvate
- Polymer and Process Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, SRE Campus, Saharanpur-247001, India
| | - Prakhar Dixit
- Polymer and Process Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, SRE Campus, Saharanpur-247001, India
| | - Sujay Chattopadhyay
- Polymer and Process Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, SRE Campus, Saharanpur-247001, India
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