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Zykova VA, Surovtsev NV. Brillouin Spectroscopy of Binary Phospholipid-Cholesterol Bilayers. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 76:1206-1215. [PMID: 35712869 DOI: 10.1177/00037028221111147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Multicomponent lipid bilayers are used as models for searching the origin of spatial heterogeneities in biomembranes called lipid rafts, implying the coexistence of domains of different phases and compositions within the lipid bilayer. The spatial organization of multicomponent lipid bilayers on a scale of a hundred nanometers remains unknown. Brillouin spectroscopy providing information about the acoustic phonons with the wavelength of several hundred nanometers has an unexplored potential for this problem. Here, we applied Brillouin spectroscopy for three binary bilayers composed of 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC), 1,2-palmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC), and cholesterol. The Brillouin experiment for the oriented planar multibilayers was realized for two scattering geometries involving phonons for the lateral and normal directions of the propagation. The DPPC-DOPC mixtures known for the coexistence of the solid-ordered and liquid-disordered phases had bimodal Brillouin peaks, revealing the phase domains with sizes more than a hundred nanometers. Analysis of the Brillouin data for the binary mixtures concluded that the lateral phonons are preferable for testing the lateral homogeneity of the bilayers, while the phonons spreading across the bilayers are sensitive to the layered packing at the mesoscopic scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria A Zykova
- 104673Institute of Automation and Electrometry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Nikolay V Surovtsev
- 104673Institute of Automation and Electrometry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
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2
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Korn P, Schwieger C, Gruhle K, Garamus VM, Meister A, Ihling C, Drescher S. Azide- and diazirine-modified membrane lipids: Physicochemistry and applicability to study peptide/lipid interactions via cross-linking/mass spectrometry. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOMEMBRANES 2022; 1864:184004. [PMID: 35841926 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2022.184004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Although the incorporation of photo-activatable lipids into membranes potentially opens new avenues for studying interactions with peptides and proteins, the question of whether azide- or diazirine-modified lipids are suitable for such studies remains controversial. We have recently shown that diazirine-modified lipids can indeed form cross-links to membrane peptides after UV activation and that these cross-links can be precisely determined in their position by mass spectrometry (MS). However, we also observed an unexpected backfolding of the lipid's diazirine-containing stearoyl chain to the membrane interface challenging the potential application of this modified lipid for future cross-linking (XL)-MS studies of protein/lipid interactions. In this work, we compared an azide- (AzidoPC) and a diazirine-modified (DiazPC) membrane lipid regarding their self-assembly properties, their mixing behavior with saturated bilayer-forming phospholipids, and their reactivity upon UV activation using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic light scattering (DLS), small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and MS. Mixtures of both modified lipids with DMPC were further used for photo-chemically induced XL experiments with a transmembrane model peptide (KLAW23) to elucidate similarities and differences between the azide and the diazirine moiety. We showed that both photo-reactive lipids can be used to study lipid/peptide and lipid/protein interactions. The AzidoPC proved easier to handle, whereas the DiazPC had fewer degradation products and a higher cross-linking yield. However, the problem of backfolding occurs in both lipids; thus, it seems to be a general phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Korn
- Institute of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Charles Tanford Protein Center, Martin Luther University (MLU) Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 3a, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Christian Schwieger
- Institute of Chemistry, MLU Halle-Wittenberg, Von-Danckelmann-Platz 4, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Kai Gruhle
- Institute of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Charles Tanford Protein Center, Martin Luther University (MLU) Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 3a, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; Institute of Pharmacy-Biophysical Pharmacy, MLU Halle-Wittenberg, Wolfgang-Langenbeck-Str. 4, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Vasil M Garamus
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Max-Planck-Str. 1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Annette Meister
- Interdisciplinary Research Center HALOmem, MLU Halle-Wittenberg, Charles Tanford Protein Center, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 3a, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology-Physical Biotechnology, Charles Tanford Protein Center, MLU Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 3a, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Christian Ihling
- Institute of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Charles Tanford Protein Center, Martin Luther University (MLU) Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 3a, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; Center for Structural Mass Spectrometry, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Simon Drescher
- Institute of Pharmacy-Biophysical Pharmacy, MLU Halle-Wittenberg, Wolfgang-Langenbeck-Str. 4, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; Phospholipid Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 515, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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3
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Dorner J, Korn P, Gruhle K, Ramsbeck D, Garamus VM, Lilie H, Meister A, Schwieger C, Ihling C, Sinz A, Drescher S. A Diazirine-Modified Membrane Lipid to Study Peptide/Lipid Interactions - Chances and Challenges. Chemistry 2021; 27:14586-14593. [PMID: 34406694 PMCID: PMC8597076 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Although incorporation of photo‐activatable lipids into membranes potentially opens up novel avenues for investigating interactions with proteins, the question of whether diazirine‐modified lipids are suitable for such studies, remains under debate. Focusing on the potential for studying lipid/peptide interactions by cross‐linking mass spectrometry (XL‐MS), we developed a diazirine‐modified lipid (DiazPC), and examined its behaviour in membranes incorporating the model α‐helical peptide LAVA20. We observed an unexpected backfolding of the diazirine‐containing stearoyl chain of the lipid. This surprising behaviour challenges the potential application of DiazPC for future XL‐MS studies of peptide and protein/lipid interactions. The observations made for DiazPC most likely represent a general phenomenon for any type of membrane lipids with a polar moiety incorporated into the alkyl chain. Our finding is therefore of importance for future protein/lipid interaction studies relying on modified lipid probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Dorner
- Institute of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Martin Luther University (MLU) Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 3, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Patricia Korn
- Institute of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Martin Luther University (MLU) Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 3, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Kai Gruhle
- Institute of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Martin Luther University (MLU) Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 3, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany.,Institute of Pharmacy-Biophysical Pharmacy, MLU Halle-Wittenberg, Wolfgang-Langenbeck-Str. 4, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Daniel Ramsbeck
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology IZI, Weinbergweg 22, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany.,Institute of Pharmacy, University Leipzig, Brüderstr. 34, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Vasil M Garamus
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Max-Planck-Str. 1, 21502, Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Hauke Lilie
- Institute for Biochemistry and Biotechnology-Technical Biochemistry, MLU Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 3, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Annette Meister
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology-Physical Biotechnology Charles Tanford Protein Center, MLU Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 3a, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany.,Interdisciplinary Research Center HALOmem, MLU Halle-Wittenberg Charles Tanford Protein Center, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 3a, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Christian Schwieger
- Interdisciplinary Research Center HALOmem, MLU Halle-Wittenberg Charles Tanford Protein Center, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 3a, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Christian Ihling
- Institute of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Martin Luther University (MLU) Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 3, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany.,Center for Structural Mass Spectrometry, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 3, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Andrea Sinz
- Institute of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Martin Luther University (MLU) Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 3, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany.,Center for Structural Mass Spectrometry, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 3, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Simon Drescher
- Institute of Pharmacy-Biophysical Pharmacy, MLU Halle-Wittenberg, Wolfgang-Langenbeck-Str. 4, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany.,Phospholipid Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 515, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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Gruhle K, Tuchtenhagen M, Müller S, Hause G, Meister A, Drescher S. Synthesis and aggregation behaviour of single-chain, 1,32-alkyl-branched bis(phosphocholines) - part 2: lateral chain length triggers self-assembling from sheets to fibres to vesicles. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 18:3585-3598. [PMID: 32347287 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob00534g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Six single-chain, 1,32-alkyl-branched bis(phosphocholines) PC-C32(1,32Cm)-PC have been synthesized as model lipids for naturally occurring archaeal membrane lipids. The preparation of these bipolar amphiphiles bearing lateral alkyl chains of different lengths (C4-C15) was realized using a Cu-catalyzed Grignard bis-coupling reaction of various primary alkyl-branched bromides as side parts and a 1,22-dibromide as the centre part. The aggregation behaviour of these bolalipids in water was initially investigated by differential scanning calorimetry and transmission electron microscopy. As a main result, the types of aggregates found and their stability upon heating were strongly connected to the length of the lateral alkyl chain of the bolalipid: short and long lateral chains led to lamellar structures, whereas side chains of medium length led to fibrous aggregates. In future, these bolalipids could be used to produce tailored and stabilized liposomes for oral drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Gruhle
- Institute of Pharmacy - Biophysical Pharmacy, Martin Luther University (MLU), Wolfgang-Langenbeck-Strasse 4, 01620 Halle (Saale), Germany.
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Hoffmann M, Drescher S, Ihling C, Hinderberger D, Schwieger C. An Azidolipid Monolayer - Transitions, Miscibility, and UV Reactivity Studied by Infrared Reflection Absorption Spectroscopy. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:12804-12815. [PMID: 33090001 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c01726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we characterized monolayers of an azide-modified lipid at the air-water interface, pure and in its mixtures with the model lipid DPPC, with the aim of proving its potential to be applied for photo-cross-linking with other molecules. We chose a phospholipid bearing a terminal azide group in one of its hydrophobic tails to study its monolayer characteristics with the Langmuir film balance technique. Furthermore, we performed infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS) to get detailed insights into the organization of those monolayers as well as high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) to see the effects of UV-irradiation on the lipids' chemical structure and organization. Our results suggest that in expanded monolayers of pure azide-modified membrane lipids, the azido-terminated chain folds back toward the air-water interface. Above the LE/LC (liquid-expanded/liquid-condensed) phase transition, the chains stretched, and thus, the azide group detaches from the interface. From temperature-dependent monolayer compressions, we evaluated all relevant thermodynamic parameters of the monolayers, such as the phase transition pressure, the critical temperature, and the triple point, and compare them to those of model lipids. For future applications, we studied the miscibility of the azide-modified lipid with DPPC in monolayers and found at least a certain miscibility over all investigated mixing ratios ranging from 10 to 75% of the azidolipid. Finally, we irradiated the azidolipid monolayer with UV light at 305 nm and measured photodissociation of the azide, leading to chemical cross-linking with other lipids, which shows the potential to be used as a cross-linking agent within self-assembled lipid or lipid/protein layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Hoffmann
- Institute of Chemistry - Complex Self-Organizing Systems, Martin Luther University (MLU) Halle-Wittenberg, Von-Danckelmann-Platz 4, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology - Interdisciplinary Research Center HALOmem, Charles Tanford Protein Center, MLU Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 3a, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Simon Drescher
- Institute of Pharmacy - Biophysical Pharmacy, MLU Halle-Wittenberg, Wolfgang-Langenbeck-Str. 4, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
- Phospholipid Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 515, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian Ihling
- Institute of Pharmacy - Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Charles Tanford Protein Center, MLU Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 3a, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Dariush Hinderberger
- Institute of Chemistry - Complex Self-Organizing Systems, Martin Luther University (MLU) Halle-Wittenberg, Von-Danckelmann-Platz 4, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology - Interdisciplinary Research Center HALOmem, Charles Tanford Protein Center, MLU Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 3a, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Christian Schwieger
- Institute of Chemistry - Complex Self-Organizing Systems, Martin Luther University (MLU) Halle-Wittenberg, Von-Danckelmann-Platz 4, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology - Interdisciplinary Research Center HALOmem, Charles Tanford Protein Center, MLU Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 3a, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
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