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Jinkins KR, Dwyer JH, Suresh A, Foradori SM, Gopalan P, Arnold MS. Parameters Affecting Interfacial Assembly and Alignment of Nanotubes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:14433-14440. [PMID: 37756498 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c02000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Tangential flow interfacial self-assembly (TaFISA) is a promising scalable technique enabling uniformly aligned carbon nanotubes for high-performance semiconductor electronics. In this process, flow is utilized to induce global alignment in two-dimensional nematic carbon nanotube assemblies trapped at a liquid/liquid interface, and these assemblies are subsequently deposited on target substrates. Here, we present an observational study of experimental parameters that affect the interfacial assembly and subsequent aligned nanotube deposition. We specifically study the water contact angle (WCA) of the substrate, nanotube ink composition, and water subphase and examine their effects on liquid crystal defects, overall and local alignment, and nanotube bunching or crowding. By varying the substrate chemical functionalization, we determine that highly aligned, densely packed, individualized nanotubes deposit only at relatively small WCA between 35 and 65°. At WCA (< 10°), high nanotube bunching or crowding occurs, and the film is nonuniform, while aligned deposition ceases to occur at higher WCA (>65°). We find that the best alignment, with minimal liquid crystal defects, occurs when the polymer-wrapped nanotubes are dispersed in chloroform at a low (0.6:1) wrapper polymer to nanotube ratio. We also demonstrate that modifying the water subphase through the addition of glycerol not only improves overall alignment and reduces liquid crystal defects but also increases local nanotube bunching. These observations provide important guidance for the implementation of TaFISA and its use toward creating technologies based on aligned semiconducting carbon nanotubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine R Jinkins
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1509 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Jonathan H Dwyer
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1415 Engineering Dr., Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Anjali Suresh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1509 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Sean M Foradori
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1509 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Padma Gopalan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1509 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Michael S Arnold
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1509 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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Lee JW, Kim SS, Lee MW, Hwang JY, Moon SY. High-Strength Epoxy Nanocomposites Reinforced with Photochemically Treated CNTs. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:19789-19797. [PMID: 37305311 PMCID: PMC10249089 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c01537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A carbon nanotube (CNT)/epoxy nanocomposite was prepared using a photochemical surface modification process of CNTs. The vacuum ultraviolet (VUV)-excimer lamp treatment created reactive sites on the CNT surface. Increasing the irradiation time increased the oxygen functional groups and changed the oxygen bonding state such as C=O, C-O, and -COOH. By the VUV-excimer irradiation on CNTs, the epoxy infiltrated well between the CNT bundles and formed a strong chemical bond between CNT and epoxy. The tensile strength and elastic modulus of the nanocomposites with VUV-excimer irradiated sample during 30 min (R30) were found to increase by 30 and 68% compared to using pristine CNT, respectively. R30 was not pulled out and remained embedded in the matrix until the fracture occurred. The VUV-excimer irradiation is an effective surface modification and functionalization method for improving the mechanical properties of CNT nanocomposite materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Won Lee
- Institute
of Advanced Composite Materials, Korea Institute
of Science and Technology (KIST), Chudong-ro 92, Bongdong-eup, Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk 55324, Republic of Korea
- Department
of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan-si, Gyeongi-do 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Soo Kim
- Institute
of Advanced Composite Materials, Korea Institute
of Science and Technology (KIST), Chudong-ro 92, Bongdong-eup, Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk 55324, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Wook Lee
- Institute
of Advanced Composite Materials, Korea Institute
of Science and Technology (KIST), Chudong-ro 92, Bongdong-eup, Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk 55324, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Yeon Hwang
- Institute
of Advanced Composite Materials, Korea Institute
of Science and Technology (KIST), Chudong-ro 92, Bongdong-eup, Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk 55324, Republic of Korea
| | - Sook Young Moon
- Institute
of Advanced Composite Materials, Korea Institute
of Science and Technology (KIST), Chudong-ro 92, Bongdong-eup, Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk 55324, Republic of Korea
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Chen Y, Lyu M, Zhang Z, Yang F, Li Y. Controlled Preparation of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes as Materials for Electronics. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2022; 8:1490-1505. [PMID: 36439305 PMCID: PMC9686200 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.2c01038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are of particular interest as channel materials for field-effect transistors due to their unique structure and excellent properties. The controlled preparation of SWCNTs that meet the requirement of semiconducting and chiral purity, high density, and good alignment for high-performance electronics has become a key challenge in this field. In this Outlook, we outline the efforts in the preparation of SWCNTs for electronics from three main aspects, structure-controlled growth, selective sorting, and solution assembly, and discuss the remaining challenges and opportunities. We expect that this Outlook can provide some ideas for addressing the existing challenges and inspire the development of SWCNT-based high-performance electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuguang Chen
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory for the
Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, State Key Laboratory of Rare
Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and
Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
| | - Min Lyu
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory for the
Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, State Key Laboratory of Rare
Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and
Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zeyao Zhang
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory for the
Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, State Key Laboratory of Rare
Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and
Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
| | - Feng Yang
- Department
of Chemistry, Southern University of Science
and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Yan Li
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory for the
Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, State Key Laboratory of Rare
Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and
Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
- PKU-HKUST
ShenZhen-HongKong Institution, Shenzhen 518057, People’s
Republic of China
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Shen Z, Dwyer JH, Sun J, Jinkins KR, Arnold MS, Gopalan P, Van Lehn RC. A simple simulation-derived descriptor for the deposition of polymer-wrapped carbon nanotubes on functionalized substrates. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:4653-4659. [PMID: 35704922 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm00572g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Controlling the deposition of polymer-wrapped single-walled carbon nanotubes (s-CNTs) onto functionalized substrates can enable the fabrication of s-CNT arrays for semiconductor devices. In this work, we utilize classical atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to show that a simple descriptor of solvent structure near silica substrates functionalized by a wide variety of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) can predict trends in the deposition of s-CNTs from toluene. Free energy calculations and experiments indicate that those SAMs that lead to maximum disruption of solvent structure promote deposition to the greatest extent. These findings are consistent with deposition being driven by solvent-mediated interactions that arise from SAM-solvent interactions, rather than direct s-CNT-SAM interactions, and will permit the rapid computational exploration of potential substrate designs for controlling s-CNT deposition and alignment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhizhang Shen
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
| | - Jonathan H Dwyer
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
| | - Jian Sun
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1509 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Katherine R Jinkins
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1509 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Michael S Arnold
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1509 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Padma Gopalan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1509 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Reid C Van Lehn
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
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Abbo HS, Gupta KC, Khaligh NG, Titinchi SJJ. Carbon Nanomaterials for Wastewater Treatment. CHEMBIOENG REVIEWS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cben.202100003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hanna S. Abbo
- University of the Western Cape Department of Chemistry Cape Town South Africa
- University of Basrah Department of Chemistry Basrah Iraq
| | - K. C. Gupta
- Indian Institute of Technology Polymer Research Laboratory Department of Chemistry 247 667 Roorkee India
| | - Nader G. Khaligh
- University of Malaya Nanotechnology and Catalysis Research Center Institute of Postgraduate Studies Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
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Dwyer JH, Suresh A, Jinkins KR, Zheng X, Arnold MS, Berson A, Gopalan P. Chemical and topographical patterns combined with solution shear for selective-area deposition of highly-aligned semiconducting carbon nanotubes. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:1767-1775. [PMID: 36132553 PMCID: PMC9419110 DOI: 10.1039/d1na00033k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Selective deposition of semiconducting carbon nanotubes (s-CNTs) into densely packed, aligned arrays of individualized s-CNTs is necessary to realize their potential in semiconductor electronics. We report the combination of chemical contrast patterns, topography, and pre-alignment of s-CNTs via shear to achieve selective-area deposition of aligned arrays of s-CNTs. Alternate stripes of surfaces favorable and unfavorable to s-CNT adsorption were patterned with widths varying from 2000 nm down to 100 nm. Addition of topography to the chemical contrast patterns combined with shear enabled the selective-area deposition of arrays of quasi-aligned s-CNTs (∼14°) even in patterns that are wider than the length of individual nanotubes (>500 nm). When the width of the chemical and topographical contrast patterns is less than the length of individual nanotubes (<500 nm), confinement effects become dominant enabling the selective-area deposition of much more tightly aligned s-CNTs (∼7°). At a trench width of 100 nm, we demonstrate the lowest standard deviation in alignment degree of 7.6 ± 0.3° at a deposition shear rate of 4600 s-1, while maintaining an individualized s-CNT density greater than 30 CNTs μm-1. Chemical contrast alone enables selective-area deposition, but chemical contrast in addition to topography enables more effective selective-area deposition and stronger confinement effects, with the advantage of removal of nanotubes deposited in spurious areas via selective lift-off of the topographical features. These findings provide a methodology that is inherently scalable, and a means to deposit spatially selective, aligned s-CNT arrays for next-generation semiconducting devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan H Dwyer
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison 1415 Engineering Drive Madison WI 53706 USA
| | - Anjali Suresh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison 1509 University Avenue Madison WI 53706 USA
| | - Katherine R Jinkins
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison 1509 University Avenue Madison WI 53706 USA
| | - Xiaoqi Zheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison 1509 University Avenue Madison WI 53706 USA
| | - Michael S Arnold
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison 1509 University Avenue Madison WI 53706 USA
| | - Arganthaël Berson
- Multiphase Flow Visualization and Analysis Laboratory (MFVAL), University of Wisconsin-Madison 1500 Engineering Drive Madison WI 53706 USA
| | - Padma Gopalan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison 1415 Engineering Drive Madison WI 53706 USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison 1509 University Avenue Madison WI 53706 USA
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