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Das A, Kumar H, Hariharan S, Thampi SP, Chandiran AK, Basavaraj MG. Conducting Gold Nanoparticle Films via Sessile Drop Evaporation. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:2510-2518. [PMID: 38284381 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c02542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
The deposit patterns obtained from the evaporation of drops containing insoluble solute particles are vital for several technologies, including inkjet printing and optical and electronic device manufacturing. In this work, we consider the evaporation of an aqueous reaction mixture typically used for gold nanoparticle (AuNP) synthesis. The patterns obtained from the evaporation-driven assembly of in situ generated AuNPs are studied using optical microscopy and SEM analyses. The evaporation of drops withdrawn at different reaction times is found to significantly influence the distribution of AuNPs in the dried patterns. The evolution of the deposit patterns is also explored by drying multiple drops on the solid substrate, wherein a drop of a fresh reaction mixture is introduced over the deposit pattern left by the evaporation of the drop dispensed at an earlier time. Using quantitative image analysis, we show that the interparticle separation between the AuNPs in the dried patterns left on the solid substrate decreases when the number of drops is increased. We find optimal conditions to achieve solid-supported AuNP films, wherein the particles are in close physical contact, leading to a conducting deposit. The current through the AuNP deposit is found to increase with increase in the number of drops due to evaporation-driven self-assembly of AuNPs into branch-like structures with reduced interparticle separation. In addition, we also show that it is possible to produce conducting AuNP deposits by drying multiple drops withdrawn from the same reaction mixture. The evaporation-driven assembly of the in situ grown nanoparticles from a reaction mixture presented in this work can be further exploited in optical and electronic device fabrication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abinash Das
- Polymer Engineering and Colloid Science Lab (PECS Lab), Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Hemant Kumar
- Polymer Engineering and Colloid Science Lab (PECS Lab), Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Sankar Hariharan
- Polymer Engineering and Colloid Science Lab (PECS Lab), Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Sumesh P Thampi
- Polymer Engineering and Colloid Science Lab (PECS Lab), Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Aravind Kumar Chandiran
- Solar Energy Research Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Adyar, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Madivala G Basavaraj
- Polymer Engineering and Colloid Science Lab (PECS Lab), Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Chennai 600036, India
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Formation and development of distinct deposit patterns by drying Polyelectrolyte-stabilized colloidal droplets at different surfactant concentrations. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Zaibudeen A, Bandyopadhyay R. Correlating the drying kinetics and dried morphologies of aqueous colloidal gold droplets of different particle concentrations. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.128982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Ji W, Lan D, Li W, Yuan Q, Wang Y. Wall-Confined Spreading Dynamics on the Surface of Surfactant Solution. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:4315-4320. [PMID: 35533233 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c00928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A liquid spreading over another is a universal physical process in the nature, which was investigated by the scaling law to reveal the underlying mechanical mechanism over the decades. However, scaling laws are restricted to piecewise physical stages, respectively. It is a challenge to present a full physical picture for a dynamic spreading process covering a wide-spectrum speed. We propose a general wall-confined spreading dynamics (WCSD) model originating from molecular kinetic theory (MKT). It creatively illustrates the order and domination between driving energy and energy dissipation (or transfer) using a phase diagram according to theory and experiments. This work reveals the deep mechanical mechanism of WCSD which provides an indirect guidance on the solution processing methods of two-dimensional molecular crystals (2DMCs) growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Ji
- National Microgravity Laboratory, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- School of Engineering Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Ding Lan
- National Microgravity Laboratory, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Weibin Li
- National Microgravity Laboratory, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Quanzi Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- School of Engineering Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuren Wang
- National Microgravity Laboratory, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
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Wu M, Doi M, Man X. The contact angle of an evaporating droplet of a binary solution on a super wetting surface. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:7932-7939. [PMID: 34373876 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm00414j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We study the dynamics of the contact angle of a droplet of a binary solution evaporating on a super wetting surface. Recent experiments have shown that although the equilibrium contact angle of such a droplet is zero, the contact angle can show complex time dependence before reaching the equilibrium value. We analyse such phenomena by extending our previous theory for the dynamics of an evaporating single component droplet to a double component droplet. We show that the time dependence of the contact angle can be quite complex. Typically, it first decreases slightly, and then increases and finally decreases again. Under certain conditions, we find that the contact angle remains constant over a certain period of time during evaporation. We study how the plateau or peak contact angle depends on the initial composition and the humidity. This theory explains the experimental results reported previously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Wu
- Center of Soft Matter Physics and its Applications, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China.
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Shiri S, Sinha S, Baumgartner DA, Cira NJ. Thermal Marangoni Flow Impacts the Shape of Single Component Volatile Droplets on Thin, Completely Wetting Substrates. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:024502. [PMID: 34296921 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.024502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Despite surface energies dictating complete wetting, it has been classically observed that volatile alkanes do not spread completely on glass substrates, and faster evaporation rates lead to higher contact angles. Here we investigate how substrate thickness influences this behavior. For sufficiently thin substrates, we find alkanes evaporate slower and display higher apparent contact angles, at odds with the typical explanations involving just evaporation, capillarity, and viscous dissipation. We derive the droplet temperature distribution and use it as part of a criteria to show that thermal Marangoni contraction plays a significant role in establishing droplet shape on thin substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Shiri
- Rowland Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Shayandev Sinha
- Rowland Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | | | - Nate J Cira
- Rowland Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
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Carreón YJP, Díaz-Hernández O, Escalera Santos GJ, Cipriano-Urbano I, Solorio-Ordaz FJ, González-Gutiérrez J, Zenit R. Texture Analysis of Dried Droplets for the Quality Control of Medicines. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 21:4048. [PMID: 34208420 PMCID: PMC8231125 DOI: 10.3390/s21124048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The quality control of medicines guarantees the effectiveness of treatments for diseases. We explore the use of texture analysis of patterns in dried droplets as a tool to readily detect both impurities and changes in drug concentration. Four types of medicines associated with different routes of administration were analyzed: Methotrexate, Ciprofloxacin, Clonazepam, and Budesonide. We use NaCl and a hot substrate at 63 ∘C to promote aggregate formation and to reduce droplet drying time. Depending on the medicine, optical microscopy reveals different complex aggregates such as circular to oval splatters, fern-like islands, crown shapes, crown needle-like and bump-like patterns as well as dendritic branched and star-like crystals. We use some physical features of the stains (as the stain diameter and superficial area) and gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) to characterize patterns of dried droplets. Finally, we show that structural analysis of stains can achieve 95% accuracy in identifying medicines with 30% water dilution, while it achieves 99% accuracy in detecting drugs with 10% other substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yojana J. P. Carreón
- Facultad de Ciencias en Física y Matemáticas, Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas 29050, Mexico; (Y.J.P.C.); (O.D.-H.); (G.J.E.S.)
- Instituto de Ciencias Aplicadas y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 3000, México D.F. 04510, Mexico
| | - Orlando Díaz-Hernández
- Facultad de Ciencias en Física y Matemáticas, Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas 29050, Mexico; (Y.J.P.C.); (O.D.-H.); (G.J.E.S.)
| | - Gerardo J. Escalera Santos
- Facultad de Ciencias en Física y Matemáticas, Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas 29050, Mexico; (Y.J.P.C.); (O.D.-H.); (G.J.E.S.)
| | - Ivan Cipriano-Urbano
- Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Piedras Negras, Coahuila 26090, Mexico;
| | - Francisco J. Solorio-Ordaz
- Departamento de Termofluidos, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 3000, México D.F. 04510, Mexico;
| | - Jorge González-Gutiérrez
- Facultad de Ciencias en Física y Matemáticas, Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas 29050, Mexico; (Y.J.P.C.); (O.D.-H.); (G.J.E.S.)
- Departamento de Termofluidos, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 3000, México D.F. 04510, Mexico;
| | - Roberto Zenit
- Center for Fluid Mechanics, School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
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Kim J, Hwang H, Butt HJ, Wooh S. Designing the shape of supraparticles by controlling the apparent contact angle and contact line friction of droplets. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 588:157-163. [PMID: 33388581 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.12.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Surface-templated evaporation-driven supraparticle synthesis is a versatile method for supraparticle fabrication. A supraparticle is formed by drying droplet of a colloidal dispersion on liquid repellent surfaces, allowing precise control of the size and mean composition of the supraparticles. The crucial factor determining the morphology is the motion of the contact line of the dispersion droplet on the liquid repellent surface. Here, we study effects of (i) the apparent contact angle and (ii) the contact line friction of a droplet on the shape of the supraparticle. In order to change the initial apparent contact angle of the dispersion droplet a surfactant was added to decrease surface tension. In addition, two different liquid repellent surfaces were used: a polydimethysiloxane (PDMS) grafted surface and a lubricated surface. Both surfaces exhibited distinctly different contact line friction during evaporation. As the initial contact angle of a droplet decreases and friction of a contact line increases, flatter supraparticles are fabricated. By using this simple manipulation principle, eventually, various shapes of supraparticles can be obtained, such as mushroom, hemispherical, convex lens, and disk shapes. This study presents fundamental and critical information that allow us to manipulate the shape of a supraparticle via surface-templated evaporation-driven synthesis that increases the scalability of supraparticles for use in a wide range of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihye Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyesun Hwang
- School of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Hans-Jürgen Butt
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Sanghyuk Wooh
- School of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea.
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Abo Jabal M, Homede E, Zigelman A, Manor O. Coupling between wetting dynamics, Marangoni vortices, and localized hot cells in drops of volatile binary solutions. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 588:571-579. [PMID: 33450600 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.11.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS A sessile drop comprising a mixture of volatile solvents supports spatial variations in interfacial energy, which gives rise to solutal Marangoni flow, alongside evaporative loss of drop mass. Both the Marangoni flow and evaporation bring about a dance of concurrent and inter-connected phenomena: internal Marangoni vortices, localized hot cells, and complex wetting dynamics. EXPERIMENT We employ Particle Image Velocimetry and Infra-Red Microscopy to visualize Marangoni vortices, temperature variations, and the wetting dynamics of drops of toluene and ethanol mixtures. FINDINGS The intensity of the measured phenomena vary concurrently in time and in like manner according with the initial composition of drops. In particular, we observe maximum intensity levels when the initial toluene proportion in the drops is 60%, and none of these phenomena in the case of pure toluene. Moreover, the drops initially expand on the solid in response to Marangoni flow, then contract due to evaporation; between these dynamic wetting regimes, we further observe a regime of one or periodic wetting/de-wetting cycles at low toluene concentrations. Our findings indicate that both the solutal Marangoni flow and evaporation drive the different phenomena we observe and confirm the connection between Marangoni vortices and the formation of localized hot cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Abo Jabal
- Wolfson Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Ekhlas Homede
- Wolfson Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Anna Zigelman
- Wolfson Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Ofer Manor
- Wolfson Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel.
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Kim J, Shim W, Jo SM, Wooh S. Evaporation driven synthesis of supraparticles on liquid repellent surfaces. J IND ENG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2020.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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