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Choi JH, Jang W, Lim YJ, Mun SJ, Bong KW. Highly Flexible Deep-Learning-Based Automatic Analysis for Graphically Encoded Hydrogel Microparticles. ACS Sens 2023; 8:3158-3166. [PMID: 37489756 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c00857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Graphically encoded hydrogel microparticle (HMP)-based bioassay is a diagnostic tool characterized by exceptional multiplex detectability and robust sensitivity and specificity. Specifically, deep learning enables highly fast and accurate analyses of HMPs with diverse graphical codes. However, previous related studies have found the use of plain particles as data to be disadvantageous for accurate analyses of HMPs loaded with functional nanomaterials. Furthermore, the manual data annotation method used in existing approaches is highly labor-intensive and time-consuming. In this study, we present an efficient deep-learning-based analysis of encoded HMPs with diverse graphical codes and functional nanomaterials, utilizing the auto-annotation and synthetic data mixing methods for model training. The auto-annotation enhanced the throughput of dataset preparation up to 0.11 s/image. Using synthetic data mixing, a mean average precision of 0.88 was achieved in the analysis of encoded HMPs with magnetic nanoparticles, representing an approximately twofold improvement over the standard method. To evaluate the practical applicability of the proposed automatic analysis strategy, a single-image analysis was performed after the triplex immunoassay for the preeclampsia-related protein biomarkers. Finally, we accomplished a processing throughput of 0.353 s per sample for analyzing the result image.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Hee Choi
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Wookyoung Jang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Yong Jun Lim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Seok Joon Mun
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Ki Wan Bong
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
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Jang W, Mun SJ, Kim SY, Bong KW. Controlled growth factor delivery via a degradable poly(lactic acid) hydrogel microcarrier synthesized using degassed micromolding lithography. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2023; 222:113088. [PMID: 36577342 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.113088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Controlled and targeted delivery of growth factors to biological environments is important for tissue regeneration. Polylactic acid (PLA) hydrogel microparticles are attractive carriers for the delivery of therapeutic cargoes based on their superior biocompatibility and biodegradability, uniform encapsulation of cargoes, and non-requirement of organic solvents during particle synthesis. In this study, we newly present controlled growth factor delivery utilizing PLA-based hydrogel microcarriers synthesized via degassed micromolding lithography (DML). Based on the direct gelation procedure from the single-phase aqueous precursor in DML, bovine serum albumin, a model protein of growth factor, and fibroblast growth factor were encapsulated into microparticles with uniform distribution. In addition, by tuning the monomer concentration and adding a hydrolytically stable crosslinker, the release of encapsulated cargoes was efficiently controlled and extended to 2 weeks. Finally, we demonstrated the biological activity of encapsulated FGF-2 in PLA-based microparticles using a fibroblast proliferation assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wookyoung Jang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Joon Mun
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Soung-Yon Kim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kangwon National University Hospital, Baengnyeong-ro 156, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do 24289, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ki Wan Bong
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
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Rajabi M, Cabral J, Saunderson S, Ali MA. Green synthesis of chitooligosaccharide-PEGDA derivatives through aza-Michael reaction for biomedical applications. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 295:119884. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Jang W, Kim DY, Mun SJ, Choi JH, Roh YH, Bong KW. Direct functionalization of cell‐adhesion promoters to hydrogel microparticles synthesized by stop‐flow lithography. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wookyoung Jang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Korea University Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Do Yeon Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Korea University Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Joon Mun
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Korea University Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Hee Choi
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Korea University Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Ho Roh
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Korea University Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Wan Bong
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Korea University Seoul Republic of Korea
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Encoded hydrogel microparticles with universal mismatch-incorporated DNA probes for highly specific multiplex detection of SNPs. Talanta 2022; 245:123480. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Kim JY, Mun SJ, Roh YH, Bong KW. Rapid colorimetric analysis of multiple microRNAs using encoded hydrogel microparticles. Analyst 2021; 146:5508-5516. [PMID: 34346406 DOI: 10.1039/d1an00622c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
microRNAs (miRNAs) have attracted much attention as potential biomarkers for the diagnosis of various fatal diseases. With increasing interest in miRNA detection at practical sites, colorimetric bead-based assays have garnered much attention, because these allow for simple analysis with cheap and portable devices. Among them, the encoded hydrogel microparticle-based colorimetric miRNA assay is considered as one of the promising techniques, due to its strengths, such as large multiplex capacity, acceptable sensitivity, and simple analysis. However, it still imposes a limitation in terms of the assay time, particularly the colorimetric reaction time, which is too long, making the practical application of the assay difficult and undermining its detection accuracy. In this work, we present a rapid colorimetric assay based on encoded hydrogel microparticles, which exhibits a significant decrease in the colorimetric reaction time due to two factors: (1) an increase in the number of enzymes bound to hydrogel microparticles via a post-synthesis functionalization method, and (2) an elevation in the enzyme reaction temperature during colorimetric labeling. We obtained a comparable sensitivity of the colorimetric assay with three different miRNA targets, even with a shortened colorimetric reaction time. Furthermore, we validated that our colorimetric detection method is suitable for multiplex miRNA detection, owing to its low cross-reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Yeon Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seok Joon Mun
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yoon Ho Roh
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ki Wan Bong
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Zhang X, Hong K, Sun Q, Zhu Y, Du J. Bioreducible, arginine-rich polydisulfide-based siRNA nanocomplexes with excellent tumor penetration for efficient gene silencing. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:5275-5292. [PMID: 34180478 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm00643f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) technology has great potential in cancer therapy, e.g., small interfering RNA (siRNA) can be exploited to silence specific oncogenes related to tumor growth and progression. However, it is critical to achieve high transfection efficiency while reducing cytotoxicity. In this paper, we report an siRNA delivery strategy targeting the oncogene KRAS based on arginine-modified poly(disulfide amine)/siRNA nanocomplexes. The poly(disulfide amine) is synthesized via aza-Michael polyaddition followed by the introduction of arginine groups onto its backbone to afford poly((N,N'-bis(acryloyl)cystamine-co-ethylenediamine)-g-Nω-p-tosyl-l-arginine) (PBR) polycations. Thus multiple interactions including electrostatic interaction, hydrogen bonding and a hydrophobic effect are introduced simultaneously between PBR and siRNA or cell membranes to improve transfection efficiency. By optimizing the grafting density of arginine groups, PBR/siRNA nanocomplexes achieve high cellular uptake efficiency, successful endosomal/lysosomal escape, and rapid biodegradation in the presence of high GSH concentration in the cytoplasm, and finally release siRNA to activate the RNAi mechanism. Additionally, compared to commercially available PEI 25K, PBR/siRNA nanocomplexes possess a significantly increased gene silencing effect on human pancreatic cancer cells (PANC-1) with decreased cytotoxicity and enhanced tumor penetration ability in PANC-1 multicellular spheroids in vitro. Overall, with both GSH-responsiveness and excellent tumor penetration, this safe and efficient poly(disulfide amine)-based siRNA delivery system is expected to provide a new strategy for gene therapy of pancreatic cancer and other stromal-rich tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, 301 Middle Yanchang Road, Shanghai 200072, China. and Department of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 4800 Caoan Road, Shanghai 201804, China
| | - Kai Hong
- Department of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 4800 Caoan Road, Shanghai 201804, China
| | - Qingmei Sun
- Department of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 4800 Caoan Road, Shanghai 201804, China
| | - Yunqing Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, 301 Middle Yanchang Road, Shanghai 200072, China. and Department of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 4800 Caoan Road, Shanghai 201804, China
| | - Jianzhong Du
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, 301 Middle Yanchang Road, Shanghai 200072, China. and Department of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 4800 Caoan Road, Shanghai 201804, China
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Highly Magnetized Encoded Hydrogel Microparticles with Enhanced Rinsing Capabilities for Efficient microRNA Detection. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9070848. [PMID: 34356912 PMCID: PMC8301431 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9070848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Encoded hydrogel microparticles mounting DNA probes are powerful tools for high-performance microRNA (miRNA) detection in terms of sensitivity, specificity, and multiplex detection capability. However, several particle rinsing steps in the assay procedure present challenges for rapid and efficient detection. To overcome this limitation, we encapsulated dense magnetic nanoparticles to reduce the rinsing steps and duration via magnetic separation. A large number of magnetic nanoparticles were encapsulated into hydrogel microparticles based on a discontinuous dewetting technique combined with degassed micromolding lithography. In addition, we attached DNA probes targeting three types of miRNAs related to preeclampsia to magnetically encoded hydrogel microparticles by post-synthesis conjugation and achieved sensitivity comparable to that of conventional nonmagnetic encoded hydrogel microparticles. To demonstrate the multiplex capability of magnetically encoded hydrogel microparticles while maintaining the advantages of the simplified rinsing process when addressing multiple samples, we conducted a triplex detection of preeclampsia-related miRNAs. In conclusion, the introduction of magnetically encoded hydrogel microparticles not only allowed efficient miRNA detection but also provided comparable sensitivity and multiplexed detectability to conventional nonmagnetic encoded hydrogel microparticles.
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Chen LH, Doyle PS. Design and Use of a Thermogelling Methylcellulose Nanoemulsion to Formulate Nanocrystalline Oral Dosage Forms. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2008618. [PMID: 34096099 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202008618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Oral drug products have become indispensable in modern medicine because of their exceptional patient compliance. However, poor bioavailability of ubiquitous low-water-soluble active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) and lack of efficient oral drug formulations remain as significant challenges. Nanocrystalline formulations are an attractive route to increase API solubility, but typically require abrasive mechanical milling and several processing steps to create an oral dosage form. Using the dual amphiphilic and thermoresponsive properties of methylcellulose (MC), a new thermogelling nanoemulsion and a facile thermal dripping method are developed for efficient formulation of composite particles with the MC matrix embedded with precisely controlled API nanocrystals. Moreover, a fast and tunable release performance is achieved with the combination of a fast-eroding MC matrix and fast-dissolving API nanocrystals. Using the versatile thermal processing approach, the thermogelling nanoemulsion is easily formulated into a wide variety of dosage forms (nanoparticle suspension, drug tablet, and oral thin film) in a manner that avoids nanomilling. Overall, the proposed thermogelling nanoemulsion platform not only broadens the applications of thermoresponsive nanoemulsions but also shows great promise for more efficient formulation of oral drug products with high quality and tunable fast release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang-Hsun Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Patrick S Doyle
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise, Singapore, 138602, Singapore
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Roh YH, Seo J, Kim JY, Kim HU, Mun SJ, Seo JH, Bong KW. Phosphorylcholine-based encoded hydrogel microparticles with enhanced fouling resistance for multiplex immunoassays. Analyst 2020; 145:5482-5490. [PMID: 32588844 DOI: 10.1039/d0an00808g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Due to the growing interest in multiplex protein detection, encoded hydrogel microparticles have received attention as a possible path to high performance multiplex immunoassays through a combination of high multiplexing capability and enhanced binding kinetics. However, their practical operation in real complex samples is still limited because polyethylene glycol, which is the main component of hydrogel particles, suffers from oxidative damage and relatively high fouling properties in biochemical solutions. Here, we introduce poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine) (PMPC)-based encoded hydrogel microparticles to perform fouling-resistant multiplex immunoassays, where the anti-fouling characteristics are attributed to the zwitterionic PMPC. By applying a newly developed molding lithography technique, viscous PMPCs with low reactivity were successfully incorporated into the hydrogel network while maintaining uniformity and rigidity for use in multiplex immunoassays. Non-specific protein adsorption on the PMPC particles was reduced by about 37.5% compared to that of conventional PEG particles, which leads to better assay sensitivity. We also validate the multiplex capability of the PMPC particles by performing multiplex detection of two target proteins. Furthermore, we verify that the PMPC particles have a 70% enhancement in anti-fouling characteristics compared to PEG particles in human platelet-rich plasma, potentiating a practical immunoassay platform for clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Ho Roh
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
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