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Arche PDE, Chatterjee S, Talukder MM, Miller JT, Cue JMO, Udamulle Gedara CM, Lord RL, Biewer MC, Cisneros GA, Stefan MC. Regioselective Direct C-H Bond Heteroarylation of Thiazoles Enabled by an Iminopyridine-Based α-Diimine Nickel(II) Complex Evaluated by DFT Studies. J Org Chem 2023; 88:12319-12328. [PMID: 37603582 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Direct C-H bond arylation is a highly effective method for synthesizing arylated heteroaromatics. This method reduces the number of synthetic steps and minimizes the formation of impurities. We report an air- and moisture-stable iminopyridine-based α-diimine nickel(II) complex for direct C5-H bond arylation of thiazole derivatives. Under a low catalyst loading and performing the reactions at lower temperatures (80 °C) under aerobic conditions, we produced mono- and diarylated thiazole units. Competition experiments and density functional theory calculations revealed that the mechanism of C-H activation in 4-methylthiazole involves an electrophilic aromatic substitution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip Damien E Arche
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Shubham Chatterjee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Md Muktadir Talukder
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Justin T Miller
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - John Michael O Cue
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Chinthaka M Udamulle Gedara
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Richard L Lord
- Department of Chemistry, Grand Valley State University, Allendale, Michigan 49401, United States
| | - Michael C Biewer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - G Andrés Cisneros
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Mihaela C Stefan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
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He X, Ye F, Guo JC, Chang W, Ma B, Ding R, Wang S, Liang Y, Hu D, Guo ZH, Ma Y. An N-oxide containing conjugated semiconducting polymer with enhanced electron mobility via direct (hetero)arylation polymerization. Polym Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1039/d3py00207a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
The N-oxide containing conjugated semiconducting polymer is synthesized by direct (hetero)arylation polymerization and exhibit enhanced electron mobility compared to its non-oxide analogous polymer.
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Sinclair GS, Claridge RCM, Kukor AJ, Hopkins WS, Schipper DJ. N-Oxide S-O chalcogen bonding in conjugated materials. Chem Sci 2021; 12:2304-2312. [PMID: 34163997 PMCID: PMC8179281 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc06583h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-covalent bonding interactions, such as chalcogen bonding, can have a substantial effect on the electronic and physical properties of conjugated polymers and is largely dependent on the strength of interaction. Functional groups that are traditionally used to instill chalcogen bonding such as alkoxy or fluorine substituents can demand challenging synthetic effort, as well as have drastic effects on the electronics of a π-system. The incorporation of a N-oxide functionality into bithiazole-containing materials, a synthetically simple transformation, has been entirely overlooked until now. A systematic analysis of the effects of N-oxidation on the electronic and physical properties of bithiazole-containing materials has been undertaken. N-Oxidation has been found to affect the electronic band gap through increase of the HOMO and lowering of the LUMO. Furthermore, exceptionally strong intramolecular S-O chalcogen bonding interactions in the bithiazole core contribute to rigidification of the conjugated system. Computational analysis of this system has shown this N-oxide chalcogen bonding interaction to be significantly stronger than other chalcogen bonding interactions commonly exploited in conjugated materials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andrew J Kukor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo Waterloo Canada
| | - W Scott Hopkins
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo Waterloo Canada
- Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology Waterloo Canada
| | - Derek J Schipper
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo Waterloo Canada
- Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology Waterloo Canada
- Institute for Polymer Research Waterloo Canada
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