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Juhász ÁG, Nanys M, Pinke B, Fadel A, Godzierz M, Juriga-Tóth K, Molnár K, Juriga D, Jedlovszky-Hajdú A. Formation of Three-Dimensional Polysuccinimide Electrospun Fiber Meshes Induced by the Combination of CaCl 2 and Humidity. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024; 45:e2300625. [PMID: 38206977 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202300625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Even though electrospinning is getting more and more attention, the preparation of 3D nanofibrous meshes is still a big challenge that limits the application of electrospun materials, especially in tissue engineering. To overcome this problem, several solutions are introduced but most of them focus on the postprocessing of the electrospun meshes. This paper presents a straightforward novel method that utilizes the joint effect of the addition of CaCl2 and the relative environmental humidity (RH), which can induce the random 3D formation of polysuccinimide (PSI) electrospun fibers with different such as wrinkled or ribbon-like structures. Although the effect of humidity and inorganic salt additives on the micro and macrostructure of electrospun fibers is known, the connection between the two in this manner has never been presented. To investigate the effect, fibers with different PSI and CaCl2 concentrations at different humidity RH levels are prepared, and their microstructure is visualized with high-resolution scanning electron microscopy (SEM). To reveal the nature of the interaction between the polymer and the CaCl2, Fourier-transformed infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and thermogravimetry (TGA) measurements are carried out and 3D nanofibrous structures are obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ákos György Juhász
- Laboratory of Nanochemistry, Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4., Budapest, H-1089, Hungary
| | - Monika Nanys
- Laboratory of Nanochemistry, Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4., Budapest, H-1089, Hungary
| | - Balázs Pinke
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3, Budapest, H-1111, Hungary
| | - Alexandre Fadel
- UMR 8207, UMET-Unité Matériaux et Transformations, University Lille, CNRS, INRAE, Centrale Lille, Lille, F-59000, France
| | - Marcin Godzierz
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials Polish Academy of Sciences M. Curie-Skłodowskiej 34 Str, Zabrze, 41-819, Poland
| | - Krisztina Juriga-Tóth
- Laboratory of Nanochemistry, Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4., Budapest, H-1089, Hungary
| | - Kolos Molnár
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3, Budapest, H-1111, Hungary
- HUN-REN-BME Research Group for Composite Science and Technology, Műegyetem rkp. 3, Budapest, H-1111, Hungary
- MTA-BME Lendület Sustainable Polymers Research Group, Műegyetem rkp. 3, Budapest, H-1111, Hungary
| | - Dávid Juriga
- Laboratory of Nanochemistry, Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4., Budapest, H-1089, Hungary
| | - Angéla Jedlovszky-Hajdú
- Laboratory of Nanochemistry, Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4., Budapest, H-1089, Hungary
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The Elasticity of Polymer Melts and Solutions in Shear and Extension Flows. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15041051. [PMID: 36850333 PMCID: PMC9961469 DOI: 10.3390/polym15041051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
This review is devoted to understanding the role of elasticity in the main flow modes of polymeric viscoelastic liquids-shearing and extension. The flow through short capillaries is the central topic for discussing the input of elasticity to the effects, which are especially interesting for shear. An analysis of the experimental data made it possible to show that the energy losses in such flows are determined by the Deborah and Weissenberg numbers. These criteria are responsible for abnormally high entrance effects, as well as for mechanical losses in short capillaries. In addition, the Weissenberg number determines the threshold of the flow instability due to the liquid-to-solid transition. In extension, this criterion shows whether deformation takes place as flow or as elastic strain. However, the stability of a free jet in extension depends not only on the viscoelastic properties of a polymeric substance but also on the driving forces: gravity, surface tension, etc. An analysis of the influence of different force combinations on the shape of the stretched jet is presented. The concept of the role of elasticity in the deformation of polymeric liquids is crucial for any kind of polymer processing.
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Chen GJ, Lai HY, Lu PH, Chang YC, Wang C. Light Scattering of Electrospinning Jet with Internal Structures by Flow-Induced Phase Separation. Macromol Rapid Commun 2023; 44:e2200273. [PMID: 35583906 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Herein, the direct morphological evidence of the extension-induced phase-separated structures in the electrospinning jet observed by high-speed video imaging and by light scattering technique is reported. Model solutions of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/water are electrospun. Two types of internal structures, that is, long strings and short ellipsoids, are found. A light scattering model is derived for the Vv scattering configuration to account for the scattered intensities contributed from the liquid jet itself and those from the internal structures. For the severely stretching jet of PVA/water, the Vv intensity profile is dominant by the internal structures to mask the scattering contribution from the jet itself. Moreover, the Hv intensity profile reflects the anisotropy of the oriented chains parallel to the jet axis. For the 7 wt% solution, the derived extension rate in the vicinity of the Taylor cone apex is about 3420 s-1 , which is higher than the Rouse relaxation rate measured by rheometer. It is concluded that extension-induced phase separation of the single-phase PVA solution is likely to occur in Taylor-cone apex to trigger the self-assembly process for producing strings (and/or bulges) in the flowing jet, which eventually transform to become the nanofibers, after solvent removal, to be collected on the grounded collector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan-Jie Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yi Lai
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Pin-Hsien Lu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chia Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Chi Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
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Chuang YC, Chang YC, Tsai MT, Yang TW, Huang MT, Wu SH, Wang C. Electrospinning of Aqueous Solutions of Atactic Poly( N-isopropylacrylamide) with Physical Gelation. Gels 2022; 8:gels8110716. [PMID: 36354624 PMCID: PMC9689489 DOI: 10.3390/gels8110716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The phase diagram of a given polymer solution is used to determine the solution’s electrospinnability. We constructed a phase diagram of an aqueous solution of atactic poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (a-PNIPAM) based on turbidity measurements and the rheological properties derived from linear viscoelasticity. Several important transition temperatures were obtained and discussed, including the onset temperature for concentration fluctuations T1, gel temperature Tgel, and binodal temperature Tb. On heating from 15 °C, the one-phase a-PNIPAM solution underwent pronounced concentration fluctuations at temperatures above T1. At higher temperatures, the thermal concentration fluctuations subsequently triggered the physical gelation process to develop a macroscopic-scale gel network at Tgel before the phase separation at Tb. Thus, the temperature sequence for the transition is: T1 < Tgel < Tb~31 °C for a given a-PNIPAM aqueous solution. Based on the phase diagram, a low-temperature electrospinning process was designed to successfully obtain uniform a-PNIPAM nanofibers by controlling the solution temperature below T1. In addition, the electrospinning of an a-PNIPAM hydrogel at Tgel < T < Tb was found to be feasible considering that the elastic modulus of the gel was shown to be very low (ca. 10−20 Pa); however, at the jet end, jet whipping was not seen, though the spitting out of the internal structures was observed with high-speed video. In this case, not only dried nanofibers but also some by-products were produced. At T > Tb, electrospinning became problematic for the phase-separated gel because the enhanced gel elasticity dramatically resisted the stretching forces induced by the electric field.
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Deng Y, Lu T, Zhang X, Zeng Z, Tao R, Qu Q, Zhang Y, Zhu M, Xiong R, Huang C. Multi-hierarchical nanofiber membrane with typical curved-ribbon structure fabricated by green electrospinning for efficient, breathable and sustainable air filtration. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2022.120857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Wang C, Hashimoto T, Wang Y. Extension Rate and Bending Instability of Electrospinning Jets: the Role of the Electric Field. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chi Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan, ROC
| | | | - Yu Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan, ROC
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