1
|
Yang SG, Zhang LQ, Chen C, Cui J, Zeng XB, Liu L, Liu F, Ungar G. 3D Morphology of Different Crystal Forms in β-Nucleated and Fiber-Sheared Polypropylene: α-Teardrops, α-Teeth, and β-Fans. Macromolecules 2023; 56:5502-5511. [PMID: 37521250 PMCID: PMC10373525 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.3c00788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Polymorphism of semicrystalline polymers has significant influence on their physical properties, with each form having its advantages and disadvantages. However, real-life polymer processing often results in different coexisting crystal polymorphs, and it remains a challenge to determine their shape, spatial distribution, and volume fraction. Here, i-polypropylene (i-PP) sheets containing both α- and β-forms were prepared either by adding β-nucleating agent or by fiber pulling-induced crystallization. By adding a compatible dye that is partially rejected from the growing crystalline aggregates (spherulites and cylindrites), we visualize the shape of these objects in 3D using two-photon fluorescence confocal microscopy. To distinguish between crystal forms, we take advantage of the difference in dye-retaining ability of the α- and β-aggregates. Even in 2D, fluorescence microscopy (FM) distinguishes the two crystal forms better than polarized microscopy. In 3D imaging, the volume fraction and spatial distribution of α- and β-forms in different morphological types could be determined quantitatively. Morphologies described as α-teeth, β-fans, and α-teardrops were visualized for the first time in 3D. Furthermore, internal and surface microcracks were seen to be associated predominantly with the β-form and around the fiber. Spatial distribution of α- and β-forms was also determined by scanning with a synchrotron X-ray beam. Good agreement was obtained with 3D microscopy, but XRD could not match the detail obtainable by the tomography. The work demonstrates the ability of the 3D imaging method to distinguish different crystal forms and their specific morphologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Gui Yang
- Shaanxi
International Research Center for Soft Matter, State Key Laboratory
for Mechanical Behaviour of Materials, Xi’an
Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Liang-Qing Zhang
- College
of Material Science and Engineering, Xi’an
University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710054, China
| | - Changlong Chen
- Shaanxi
International Research Center for Soft Matter, State Key Laboratory
for Mechanical Behaviour of Materials, Xi’an
Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Jiaming Cui
- Shaanxi
International Research Center for Soft Matter, State Key Laboratory
for Mechanical Behaviour of Materials, Xi’an
Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Xiang-bing Zeng
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, U.K.
| | - Liying Liu
- Biomedical
Experimental Center of Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science
Center, Xi’an 710116, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Shaanxi
International Research Center for Soft Matter, State Key Laboratory
for Mechanical Behaviour of Materials, Xi’an
Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Goran Ungar
- Shaanxi
International Research Center for Soft Matter, State Key Laboratory
for Mechanical Behaviour of Materials, Xi’an
Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, U.K.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wu B, Zheng X, Xu W, Ren Y, Leng H, Liang L, Zheng D, Chen J, Jiang H. β-Nucleated Polypropylene: Preparation, Nucleating Efficiency, Composite, and Future Prospects. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3107. [PMID: 37514497 PMCID: PMC10383444 DOI: 10.3390/polym15143107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The β-crystals of polypropylene have a metastable crystal form. The formation of β-crystals can improve the toughness and heat resistance of a material. The introduction of a β-nucleating agent, over many other methods, is undoubtedly the most reliable method through which to obtain β-PP. Furthermore, in this study, certain newly developed β-nucleating agents and their compounds in recent years are listed in detail, including the less-mentioned polymer β-nucleating agents and their nucleation characteristics. In addition, the various influencing factors of β-nucleation efficiency, including the polymer matrix and processing conditions, are analyzed in detail and the corresponding improvement measures are summarized. Finally, the composites and synergistic toughening effects are discussed, and three potential future research directions are speculated upon based on previous research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Winner New Materials Technology Co., Ltd., Gaoming District, Foshan 528521, China
- The State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xian Zheng
- Guangdong Winner New Materials Technology Co., Ltd., Gaoming District, Foshan 528521, China
| | - Wenjie Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510640, China
- The State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yanwei Ren
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510640, China
- The State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Haiqiang Leng
- Guangdong Winner New Materials Technology Co., Ltd., Gaoming District, Foshan 528521, China
| | - Linzhi Liang
- Guangdong Winner New Materials Technology Co., Ltd., Gaoming District, Foshan 528521, China
| | - De Zheng
- Guangdong Winner New Materials Technology Co., Ltd., Gaoming District, Foshan 528521, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Guangdong Winner New Materials Technology Co., Ltd., Gaoming District, Foshan 528521, China
| | - Huanfeng Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510640, China
- The State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510640, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gicheha D, Cisse AN, Bhuiyan A, Shamim N. Non-Isothermal Crystallization Kinetics of Poly (ɛ-Caprolactone) (PCL) and MgO Incorporated PCL Nanofibers. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3013. [PMID: 37514403 PMCID: PMC10383040 DOI: 10.3390/polym15143013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The study delves into the kinetics of non-isothermal crystallization of Poly (ɛ-caprolactone) (PCL) and MgO-incorporated PCL nanofibers with varying cooling rates. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC-3) was used to acquire crystallization information and investigate the kinetics behavior of the two types of nanofibers under different cooling rates ranging from 0.5-5 K/min. The results show that the crystallization rate decreases at higher crystallization temperatures. Furthermore, the parameters of non-isothermal crystallization kinetics were investigated via several mathematical models, including Jeziorny and Mo's models. Mo's approach was suitable to describe the nanofibers' overall non-isothermal crystallization process. In addition, the Kissinger and Friedman methods were used to calculate the activation energy of bulk-PCL, PCL, and MgO-PCL nanofibers. The result showed that the activation energy of bulk-PCL was comparatively lower than that of nanofibers. The investigation of the kinetics of crystallization plays a crucial role in optimizing manufacturing processes and enhancing the overall performance of nanofibers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daisaku Gicheha
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Prairie View A & M University, Prairie View, TX 77446, USA
| | - Aicha Noura Cisse
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Prairie View A & M University, Prairie View, TX 77446, USA
| | - Ariful Bhuiyan
- Mechanical Engineering Program, University of Houston Clear Lake, Houston, TX 77058, USA
| | - Nabila Shamim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Prairie View A & M University, Prairie View, TX 77446, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang Q, Qiao Q, Wang Z, Liu Y, Pei Z, Guo J, Fei P, Zhang A, Jia H, Xu B. Covalent Bonding Enhanced Polypropylene Based T-ZIF-8 Masterbatch with Superior Photocatalytic and Antibacterial Performances. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2023; 33:1219-1233. [PMID: 36844785 PMCID: PMC9937522 DOI: 10.1007/s10904-023-02576-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
In order to solve the problem of poor compatibility between modified-ZIF-8 nanoparticles and mask matrix polypropylene (PP) and melt-blown materials, in this work, PP based modified-ZIF-8 antibacterial masterbatch was prepared employing surface modification and torque blending method. IR, SEM, XRD, XPS, DSC results confirm that the antibacterial masterbatch maintains the chemical and crystal structure of modified-ZIF-8 and the thermal stability of PP. Photocatalytic performance indicates that the antibacterial masterbatch basically maintains the photoresponse range of modified-ZIF-8, has narrower band gap and the superior photocatalytic performance than that of modified-ZIF-8. The photocatalytic antibacterial mechanism of ·O2- and h+ as antibacterial active species is revealed according to the energy band structure and free radical capture experiment. The photocatalytic antibacterial activity of the antibacterial masterbatch against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli under different dosage holds that the relationship between antibacterial rate and antibacterial agent concentration conforms to Beta distribution, demonstrating second-order kinetic behavior. The antibacterial properties reach the maximum when the loading of modified-ZIF-8 is 2% of the total weight of PP and melt-blown materials. S. aureus and E. coli could be completely killed when the simulated sunlight is irradiated for 30 min. These results indicate that PP based modified-ZIF-8 antibacterial masterbatch has potential application in photocatalytic antibacterial masks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- College of Textile Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030006 China
| | - Qikai Qiao
- College of Textile Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030006 China
| | - Zihao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024 China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- College of Textile Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030006 China
| | - Zhen Pei
- College of Textile Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030006 China
| | - Jiandong Guo
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024 China
| | - Pengfei Fei
- College of Textile Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030006 China
- Shanxi-Zheda Institute of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan, 030600 China
| | - Aiqin Zhang
- College of Textile Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030006 China
- Shanxi-Zheda Institute of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan, 030600 China
- Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024 China
| | - Husheng Jia
- Shanxi-Zheda Institute of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan, 030600 China
- Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024 China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024 China
| | - Bingshe Xu
- Shanxi-Zheda Institute of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan, 030600 China
- Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024 China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Toward a deep understanding of the difference between isotactic and syndiotactic polypropylene on the fire performance and degradation behavior. Polym Degrad Stab 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.110195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
6
|
A new insight into the formation of β-crystals of isotactic polypropylene induced by zinc dicarboxylic acids. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
7
|
Coba-Daza S, Carmeli E, Otaegi I, Aranburu N, Guerrica-Echevarria G, Kahlen S, Cavallo D, Tranchida D, Müller AJ. Effect of compatibilizer addition on the surface nucleation of dispersed polyethylene droplets in a self-nucleated polypropylene matrix. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
8
|
Fenni SE, Müller AJ, Cavallo D. Understanding polymer nucleation by studying droplets crystallization in immiscible polymer blends. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
9
|
Lu Y, Wang B, Jia N, Chen J, Shen C, Zhang B. Crystallization studies on heterogeneous melts of polybutene-1. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
|
10
|
Experimental and Data Fitting Guidelines for the Determination of Polymer Crystallization Kinetics. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-022-2724-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
11
|
Wenzel FA, Welz H, van der Zwan KP, Stäter S, Kreger K, Hildner R, Senker J, Schmidt HW. Highly Efficient Supramolecular Nucleating Agents for Poly(3-hexylthiophene). Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c02283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Felix A. Wenzel
- Macromolecular Chemistry I and Bavarian Polymer Institute, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Hannes Welz
- Macromolecular Chemistry I and Bavarian Polymer Institute, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Kasper P. van der Zwan
- Inorganic Chemistry III, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Sebastian Stäter
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Klaus Kreger
- Macromolecular Chemistry I and Bavarian Polymer Institute, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Richard Hildner
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jürgen Senker
- Inorganic Chemistry III, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Hans-Werner Schmidt
- Macromolecular Chemistry I and Bavarian Polymer Institute, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Fenni SE, Caputo MR, Müller AJ, Cavallo D. Surface Roughness Enhances Self-Nucleation of High-Density Polyethylene Droplets Dispersed within Immiscible Blends. Macromolecules 2022; 55:1412-1423. [PMID: 35237024 PMCID: PMC8874415 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c02487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Highly linear or
high-density polyethylenes (HDPEs) have an intrinsically
high nucleation density compared to other polyolefins. Enhancing their
nucleation density by self-nucleation is therefore difficult, leading
to a narrow self-nucleation Domain (i.e., the so-called DomainII or the temperature Domain where self-nuclei can be injected into the material without the
occurrence of annealing). In this work, we report that when HDPE is
blended (up to 50%) with immiscible matrices, such as atactic polystyrene
(PS) or Nylon 6, its self-nucleation capacity can be greatly increased.
In addition, temperatures higher than the equilibrium melting temperature
of the HDPE phase are needed to erase the significantly enhanced crystalline
memory in the blends. Morphological evidence gathered by Scanning
and Transmission Electron Microscopies (SEM and TEM) indicates that
these unexpected results can be explained by the modification of the
interface between blend components. The filling of the solid HDPE
surface asperities by the low viscosity polystyrene during heating
to the self-nucleation temperature, or the crystallization of the
matrix in the case of Nylon 6, enhances the interface roughness between
the two polymers in the blends. Such rougher interfaces can remarkably
increase the self-nucleation capacity of the HDPE phase via surface
nucleation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seif Eddine Fenni
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università degli studi di Genova, via Dodecaneso 31, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Caputo
- Polymat and Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Alejandro J. Müller
- Polymat and Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Plaza Euskadi 5, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Dario Cavallo
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università degli studi di Genova, via Dodecaneso 31, 16146 Genova, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Qv CJ, Li W, Zhao RJ, Ma Z. Memory Effect of Crystallization in 1-Butene/α-olefin Copolymers. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-022-2660-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
14
|
Carmeli E, Ottonello S, Wang B, Menyhárd A, Müller AJ, Cavallo D. Competing crystallization of α- and β-phase induced by β-nucleating agents in microdroplets of isotactic polypropylene. CrystEngComm 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2ce00087c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Crystallization of heterogeneously nucleated isotactic polypropylene microdroplets in an immiscible polystyrene matrix allows the estimation of intrinsic nucleating efficiency of nucleating agents promoting the formation of different polymorphs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Carmeli
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università degli studi di Genova, via Dodecaneso 31, 16146 Genova, Italy
- Borealis Polyolefine GmbH, Innovation Headquarters, St. Peterstrasse 25, 4021, Linz, Austria
| | - Sara Ottonello
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università degli studi di Genova, via Dodecaneso 31, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - Bao Wang
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università degli studi di Genova, via Dodecaneso 31, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - Alfréd Menyhárd
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Alejandro J. Müller
- Polymat and Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Dario Cavallo
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università degli studi di Genova, via Dodecaneso 31, 16146 Genova, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
The Application of Organic Phosphate Nucleating Agents in Polypropylene with Different Molecular Weights. CRYSTALS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst11121543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Two kinds of organic phosphate nucleating agent (NA-11 and NA-21) were used in PP with different molecular weights through the melt extrusion method. The dispersibility of the nucleating agents in PP, and the effect of the nucleating agents on the molecular weight, rheological behavior and crystallization behavior of PP were investigated. SEM and TEM analysis showed that the average radius of the dispersed particles (nucleating agents) was larger in LPP than that in HPP. The good dispersion of NA-21 also created more nucleation embryos for the adsorption of polypropylene molecules than the agglomerated NA-11. The gel permeation chromatography (GPC) analysis showed that the average molecular weight of HPP and LPP both decreased with the addition of a nucleating agent. The rotational rheometer and capillary rheometer analysis showed that the effect of NA-21 on reducing intermolecular entanglement was more significant, whether in HPP or LPP. The addition of NA-21 had less elastic energy storage and better flow stability, and could be processed at a higher speed. Simultaneously, the relaxation time in the blends with LPP was shorter than that with HPP. It was found that the crystallinity and nucleation efficiency of HPP/nucleating agent blends increased remarkably, while there was a barely perceptible increase in LPP/nucleating agent blends.
Collapse
|
16
|
Wang W, Saperdi A, Dodero A, Castellano M, Müller AJ, Dong X, Wang D, Cavallo D. Crystallization of a Self-Assembling Nucleator in Poly(l-lactide) Melt. CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN 2021; 21:5880-5888. [PMID: 34650340 PMCID: PMC8499044 DOI: 10.1021/acs.cgd.1c00750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, crystallization of a soluble nucleator N, N', N″-tricyclohexyl-1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylamide (TMC-328) in a poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA) matrix has been studied at different temperatures. Based on the change in solubility with temperature, different levels of supersaturation of TMC-328 in a PLLA matrix can be obtained. This nucleator presents a fibrous structure produced via self-assembling and develops into an interconnected network when the temperature is lowered. The TMC-328 crystal nuclei density is quantified via optical microscopy, using the average distance of the adjacent fibrillar structure, which shows a steady decrease with the decrease in temperature. The crystallization rates of TMC-328 were assessed through rheological measurements of network formation. Both fibrils' density and crystallization kinetics display a power law dependence on supersaturation. For the first time, the solid-melt interfacial energy, the size of the critical nucleus, and the number of molecules making up the critical nucleus of the nucleator TMC-328 in the PLLA matrix have been determined by adopting the classical nucleation theory. The subsequent crystallization of PLLA induced by this nucleator was investigated as a function of the fibrils' spatial density. The crystallization rate of PLLA is enhanced with the increase in the TMC-328 fibrils' density because of the availability of a larger nucleating surface. The self-assembled fibril of TMC-328 can serve as shish to form a hybrid shish-kebab structure after the crystallization of PLLA, regardless of the number of nucleation sites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department
of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University
of Genoa, Via Dodecaneso 31, Genova 16146, Italy
| | - Angelo Saperdi
- Department
of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University
of Genoa, Via Dodecaneso 31, Genova 16146, Italy
| | - Andrea Dodero
- Department
of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University
of Genoa, Via Dodecaneso 31, Genova 16146, Italy
| | - Maila Castellano
- Department
of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University
of Genoa, Via Dodecaneso 31, Genova 16146, Italy
| | - Alejandro J. Müller
- POLYMAT
and Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry
and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University
of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal, 3, 20018 Donostia—San Sebastian, Spain
- IKERBASQUE,
Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao 48009, Spain
| | - Xia Dong
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Dujin Wang
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Dario Cavallo
- Department
of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University
of Genoa, Via Dodecaneso 31, Genova 16146, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Potential wound dressings from electrospun medicated poly(butylene-adipate-co-terephthalate)/poly-(ε-caprolactone) microfibers. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.116694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
|
18
|
Carmeli E, Fenni SE, Caputo MR, Müller AJ, Tranchida D, Cavallo D. Surface Nucleation of Dispersed Polyethylene Droplets in Immiscible Blends Revealed by Polypropylene Matrix Self-Nucleation. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Carmeli
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università degli studi di Genova, via Dodecaneso 31, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - Seif Eddine Fenni
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università degli studi di Genova, via Dodecaneso 31, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Caputo
- Polymat and Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Alejandro J. Müller
- Polymat and Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Davide Tranchida
- Borealis Polyolefine GmbH, Innovation Headquarters, St. Peterstrasse 25, 4021 Linz, Austria
| | - Dario Cavallo
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università degli studi di Genova, via Dodecaneso 31, 16146 Genova, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Yue Y, Sha X, Wang F, Gao Y, Zhang L, Wang X, Feng J. The effect of β-nucleating agent on the self-nucleation of isotactic polypropylene. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.124009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
20
|
Wang B, Mathew A, Napolitano S. Temperature and Thickness Dependence of the Time Scale of Crystallization of Polymers under 1D Confinement. ACS Macro Lett 2021; 10:476-480. [PMID: 35549220 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.1c00123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Confined in nanodomains, polymers crystallize much slower than in bulk due to both finite size and interfacial effects. These two factors are successfully disentangled in our phenomenological framework, which provides a measurement of the time scale of crystallization via a product of probabilities involving nucleation and of chain diffusion. In this Letter, we demonstrate that our model allows determining the Gibbs free energy of the formation of a critical size nucleus indicated by the classical nucleation theory for bulk polymer melts. In addition to that, by means of segmental mobility data and one single set of isothermal crystallization measurements at different confinement degrees, our model predicts the right temperature and thickness dependence of the crystallization time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bao Wang
- Laboratory of Polymer and Soft Matter Dynamics, Experimental Soft Matter and Thermal Physics (EST), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Boulevard du Triomphe, Brussels 1050, Belgium
| | - Allen Mathew
- Laboratory of Polymer and Soft Matter Dynamics, Experimental Soft Matter and Thermal Physics (EST), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Boulevard du Triomphe, Brussels 1050, Belgium
| | - Simone Napolitano
- Laboratory of Polymer and Soft Matter Dynamics, Experimental Soft Matter and Thermal Physics (EST), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Boulevard du Triomphe, Brussels 1050, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Sangroniz L, Wang B, Su Y, Liu G, Cavallo D, Wang D, Müller AJ. Fractionated crystallization in semicrystalline polymers. Prog Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2021.101376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
|
22
|
|