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Li Q, Yan F, Texter J. Polymerized and Colloidal Ionic Liquids─Syntheses and Applications. Chem Rev 2024; 124:3813-3931. [PMID: 38512224 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
The breadth and importance of polymerized ionic liquids (PILs) are steadily expanding, and this review updates advances and trends in syntheses, properties, and applications over the past five to six years. We begin with an historical overview of the genesis and growth of the PIL field as a subset of materials science. The genesis of ionic liquids (ILs) over nano to meso length-scales exhibiting 0D, 1D, 2D, and 3D topologies defines colloidal ionic liquids, CILs, which compose a subclass of PILs and provide a synthetic bridge between IL monomers (ILMs) and micro to macro-scale PIL materials. The second focus of this review addresses design and syntheses of ILMs and their polymerization reactions to yield PILs and PIL-based materials. A burgeoning diversity of ILMs reflects increasing use of nonimidazolium nuclei and an expanding use of step-growth chemistries in synthesizing PIL materials. Radical chain polymerization remains a primary method of making PILs and reflects an increasing use of controlled polymerization methods. Step-growth chemistries used in creating some CILs utilize extensive cross-linking. This cross-linking is enabled by incorporating reactive functionalities in CILs and PILs, and some of these CILs and PILs may be viewed as exotic cross-linking agents. The third part of this update focuses upon some advances in key properties, including molecular weight, thermal properties, rheology, ion transport, self-healing, and stimuli-responsiveness. Glass transitions, critical solution temperatures, and liquidity are key thermal properties that tie to PIL rheology and viscoelasticity. These properties in turn modulate mechanical properties and ion transport, which are foundational in increasing applications of PILs. Cross-linking in gelation and ionogels and reversible step-growth chemistries are essential for self-healing PILs. Stimuli-responsiveness distinguishes PILs from many other classes of polymers, and it emphasizes the importance of segmentally controlling and tuning solvation in CILs and PILs. The fourth part of this review addresses development of applications, and the diverse scope of such applications supports the increasing importance of PILs in materials science. Adhesion applications are supported by ionogel properties, especially cross-linking and solvation tunable interactions with adjacent phases. Antimicrobial and antifouling applications are consequences of the cationic nature of PILs. Similarly, emulsion and dispersion applications rely on tunable solvation of functional groups and on how such groups interact with continuous phases and substrates. Catalysis is another significant application, and this is an historical tie between ILs and PILs. This component also provides a connection to diverse and porous carbon phases templated by PILs that are catalysts or serve as supports for catalysts. Devices, including sensors and actuators, also rely on solvation tuning and stimuli-responsiveness that include photo and electrochemical stimuli. We conclude our view of applications with 3D printing. The largest components of these applications are energy related and include developments for supercapacitors, batteries, fuel cells, and solar cells. We conclude with our vision of how PIL development will evolve over the next decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Li
- Department of Materials Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Feng Yan
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - John Texter
- Strider Research Corporation, Rochester, New York 14610-2246, United States
- School of Engineering, Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, Michigan 48197, United States
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Wu W, Singh M, Zhai Y, Masud A, Tonny W, Yuan C, Yin R, Al-Enizi AM, Bockstaller MR, Matyjaszewski K, Douglas JF, Karim A. Facile Entropy-Driven Segregation of Imprinted Polymer-Grafted Nanoparticle Brush Blends by Solvent Vapor Annealing Soft Lithography. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:45765-45774. [PMID: 36174114 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c11134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Polymer-grafted nanoparticles (PGNPs) have attracted extensive research interest due to their potential for enhancing mechanical and electrical properties of both bulk polymer composite materials, as well as thin polymer films incorporating these nanoparticles (NPs). In previous studies, we have shown that an entropic driving force serves to organize low-molecular-mass PGNPs in imprinted blend films of PGNPs with low-molecular-mass homopolymers. In this work, we developed a novel solvent vapor annealing soft lithography (SVA-SL) method to overcome the technical difficulties in processing the high-molecular-mass PGNP blends due to the intrinsically sluggish melt annealing kinetics found in the phase separation of these blend PGNP materials. In particular, we utilized SVA-SL to create nanopatterns in blends of PGNPs having relatively high-molecular-mass-grafted layers but with cores of NPs having greatly different sizes. The minimization of the entropic free energy in the present system corresponded to larger PGNPs partitioning almost exclusively into the "mesa" regions of the imprinted PGNP blend films, as quantified by the estimation of the partition coefficient, Kp. The use of the SVA-SL processing method is important because it allows facile imprint patterning of PGNP materials and large-scale organization of the PGNPs even when the grafted chain lengths are long enough for the chains to be highly entangled, allowing enhanced thermo-mechanical property enhancements of the resulting films and a corresponding extended range of potential nanotech applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Wu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas77204, United States
| | - Maninderjeet Singh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas77204, United States
| | - Yue Zhai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania15213, United States
| | - Ali Masud
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas77204, United States
| | - Wafa Tonny
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas77204, United States
| | - Chuqing Yuan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas77204, United States
| | - Rongguan Yin
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania15213, United States
| | - Abdullah M Al-Enizi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Michael R Bockstaller
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas77204, United States
| | - Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania15213, United States
| | - Jack F Douglas
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland20899, United States
| | - Alamgir Karim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas77204, United States
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Li R, Han Y, Akcora P. Ion channels in sulfonated copolymer-grafted nanoparticles in ionic liquids. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:5402-5409. [PMID: 35815406 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm00725h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The use of ionic liquids as solvents for polymers or polymer-grafted nanoparticles provides an exciting feature to explore electrolyte-polymer interactions. 1-Hexyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (HMIm-TFSI) can have specific interactions with the polymer through ion-dipole forces or hydrogen bonding. In this work, poly(methyl methacrylate)-b-poly(styrene sulfonate) (PMMA-b-PSS) copolymer-grafted Fe3O4 nanoparticles with different sulfonation levels (∼4.9 to 10.9 mol% SS) were synthesized, and their concentration dependent ionic conductivities were reported in acetonitrile and HMIm-TFSI/acetonitrile mixtures. We found that conductivity enhancement with the particle concentration in acetonitrile was due to the aggregation of grafted particles, resulting in sulfonic domain connectivity. The ionic conductivity was found to be related to the effective hopping transfer within ionic channels. On the contrary, the conductivity decreased or remained constant with increasing particle concentration in HMIm-TFSI/acetonitrile. This result was attributed to the ion coupling between ionic liquids and copolymer domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruhao Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA.
| | - Yuke Han
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA.
| | - Pinar Akcora
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA.
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Liu S, Li R, Tyagi M, Akcora P. Confinement Effects in Dynamics of Ionic Liquids with Polymer-Grafted Nanoparticles. Chemphyschem 2022; 23:e202200219. [PMID: 35676199 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202200219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Ionic liquid mixed with poly(methyl methacrylate)-grafted nanoparticle aggregates at low particle concentrations was shown to exhibit different dynamics and ionic conductivity than that of pure ionic liquid in our previous studies. In this work, we report on the quasi-elastic neutron scattering results on ionic liquid containing polymer-grafted nanoparticles at the higher particle concentration. The diffusivity of imidazolium (HMIM + ) cations of 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (HMIM-TFSI) in the presence of poly(methyl methacrylate)-grafted iron oxide nanoparticles and the ionic conductivity of solutions were discussed through the confinement. Analysis of the elastic incoherent structure factor suggested the confinement radius decreased with the addition of grafted particles in HMIM-TFSI/solvent mixture, indicating the confinement that is induced by the high concentration of grafted particles, shrinks the HMIM-TFSI restricted volume. We further conjecture that this enhanced diffusivity occurs as a result of the local ordering of cations within aggregates of poly(methyl methacrylate)-grafted particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Liu
- 1 Castle Point on Hudson, Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Stevens Institute of Technology, McLean Hall 415, 07030, Hoboken, NJ, USA
| | - Ruhao Li
- 1 Castle Point on Hudson, Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Stevens Institute of Technology, McLean Hall 415, 07030, Hoboken, NJ, USA
| | - Madhusudan Tyagi
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, 100 Bureau Dr, 20899, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, 20742, Maryland, MD, USA
| | - Pinar Akcora
- 1 Castle Point on Hudson, Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Stevens Institute of Technology, McLean Hall 415, 07030, Hoboken, NJ, USA
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Yang Y, Hao J, Xue J, Liu S, Chi C, Zhao J, Xu Y, Li Y. Morphology regulation of Ga particles from ionic liquids and their lithium storage properties. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj05491g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Ga particle electrodes were electrodeposited from electrolytes with and without AlCl3. The electrochemical cycling stability of the Ga particle electrode was improved by regulating its morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin 150001
- China
| | - Jian Hao
- State Key Laboratory of High-efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University
- Yinchuan 750021
- China
| | - Junying Xue
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin 150001
- China
| | - Shikun Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin 150001
- China
| | - Caixia Chi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin 150001
- China
| | - Jiupeng Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin 150001
- China
| | - Yongjun Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin 150001
- China
| | - Yao Li
- Centre for Composite Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin 150001
- China
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