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Kiker MT, Recker EA, Uddin A, Page ZA. Simultaneous Color- and Dose-Controlled Thiol-Ene Resins for Multimodulus 3D Printing with Programmable Interfacial Gradients. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2409811. [PMID: 39194370 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202409811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2024] [Revised: 08/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
Drawing inspiration from nature's own intricate designs, synthetic multimaterial structures have the potential to offer properties and functionality that exceed those of the individual components. However, several contemporary hurdles, from a lack of efficient chemistries to processing constraints, preclude the rapid and precise manufacturing of such materials. Herein, the development of a photocurable resin comprising color-selective initiators is reported, triggering disparate polymerization mechanisms between acrylate and thiol functionality. Exposure of the resin to UV light (365 nm) leads to the formation of a rigid, highly crosslinked network via a radical chain-growth mechanism, while violet light (405 nm) forms a soft, lightly crosslinked network via an anionic step-growth mechanism. The efficient photocurable resin is employed in multicolor digital light processing 3D printing to provide structures with moduli spanning over two orders of magnitude. Furthermore, local intensity (i.e., grayscale) control enables the formation of programmable stiffness gradients with ≈150× change in modulus occurring across sharp (≈200 µm) and shallow (≈9 mm) interfaces, mimetic of the human knee entheses and squid beaks, respectively. This study provides composition-processing-property relationships to inform advanced manufacturing of next-generation multimaterial objects having a myriad of applications from healthcare to education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan T Kiker
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Recker
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Ain Uddin
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Zachariah A Page
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
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Darabi A, Long R, Weber JC, Cox LM. Effect of Geometry and Orientation on the Tensile Properties and Failure Mechanisms of Compliant Suture Joints. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:11084-11091. [PMID: 36800520 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c21925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Compliant sutures surrounded by stiff matrices are present in biological armors and carapaces, providing enhanced mechanical performance. Understanding the mechanisms through which these sutured composites achieve outstanding properties is key to developing engineering materials with improved strength and toughness. This article studies the impact of suture geometry and load direction on the performance of suture joints using a two-stage reactive polymer resin that enables facile photopatterning of mechanical heterogeneity within a single polymer network. Compliant sinusoidal sutures with varying geometries are photopatterned into stiff matrices, generating a modulus contrast of 2 orders of magnitude. Empirical relationships are developed connecting suture wavelength and amplitude to composite performance under parallel and perpendicular loading conditions. Results indicate that a greater suture interdigitation broadly improves composite performance when loading is applied perpendicular to suture joints but has deleterious effects when loading is applied parallel to the joint. Investigations into the failure mechanisms under perpendicular loading highlight the interplay between suture geometry and crack growth stability after damage initiation occurs. Our findings could enable a framework for engineering composites and bio-inspired structures in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Darabi
- Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, Montana State University, 220 Roberts Hall, Bozeman, Montana 59717, United States
| | - Rong Long
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, 1111 Engineering Drive, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Joel C Weber
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, United States
| | - Lewis M Cox
- Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, Montana State University, 220 Roberts Hall, Bozeman, Montana 59717, United States
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Martinez J, Aghajani M, Lu Y, Blevins AK, Fan S, Wang M, Killgore JP, Perez SB, Patel J, Carbrello C, Foley S, Sylvia R, Long R, Castro R, Ding Y. Capillary bonding of membranes by viscous polymers: Infiltration kinetics and mechanical integrity of the bonded polymer/membrane structures. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2021.119898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Blevins AK, Wang M, Lehmann ML, Hu L, Fan S, Stafford CM, Killgore JP, Lin H, Saito T, Ding Y. Photopatterning of two stage reactive polymer networks with CO 2-philic thiol–acrylate chemistry: enhanced mechanical toughness and CO 2/N 2 selectivity. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00148a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two stage reactive polymer (TSRP) networks can be programmed with spatially varying heterogeneity, presenting a new way of designing material structure and controlling or enhancing properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrienne K. Blevins
- Materials Science & Engineering Program, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
| | - Mengyuan Wang
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - Michelle L. Lehmann
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
- The Bredesen Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Graduate Education, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - Leiqing Hu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
| | - Shouhong Fan
- Membrane Science, Engineering and Technology Center, Paul M. Rady Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Christopher M. Stafford
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Jason P. Killgore
- Applied Chemicals and Materials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, 80305, USA
| | - Haiqing Lin
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
| | - Tomonori Saito
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - Yifu Ding
- Materials Science & Engineering Program, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
- Membrane Science, Engineering and Technology Center, Paul M. Rady Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
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