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Wang Z, Hu J, Wang H. Hierarchical Polyimide Microparticles with Controllable Morphology. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2400487. [PMID: 38537118 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202400487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Hierarchical polyimides (PIs) not only show outstanding thermal stability and high mechanical strength but also have great advantages in terms of microstructure and surface area, which makes them highly valuable in various fields such as aerospace, microelectronics, adsorption, catalysis, and energy storage. However, great challenges still remain in the synthesis of hierarchical PIs with well-defined microstructure. Herein, polyamide acid salts (PAAS) with tunable ionization degree are synthesized first via the polymerization of dianhydride and diamine monomers in deionized water with 1,2-dimethylimidazole (DMIZ). Then cationic cetyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTAC) is added to the PAAS aqueous solution to induce the formation of polyelectrolyte-surfactant complexes based on electrostatic interaction. After a typical hydrothermal reaction (HTR) procedure, hierarchical PIs with different microstructures such as urchin-like PI microparticles, flower-like PI microparticles, and lamellar PI petals can be fabricated simply by changing the additive amount of DMIZ and CTAC. The nanostructure self-assemblies of PAAS are dominated by the charges on macromolecular chains and the formation of hierarchical structures of polymers is ascribed to a geometrical selection process during crystal growth. This work provides valuable insights into the self-assembly behaviors of polyelectrolyte systems for synthesizing well-defined hierarchical polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Jianhua Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Haitao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
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Chaimovich M, Chaimovich A. Relative Resolution: An Analysis with the Kullback-Leibler Entropy. J Chem Theory Comput 2024; 20:2074-2087. [PMID: 38416535 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.3c01052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
A novel type of a multiscale approach, called Relative Resolution (RelRes), can correctly retrieve the behavior of various nonpolar liquids while speeding up molecular simulations by almost an order of magnitude. In this approach in a single system, molecules switch their resolution in terms of their relative separation, with near neighbors interacting via fine-grained potentials, yet far neighbors interacting via coarse-grained potentials; notably, these two potentials are analytically parametrized by a multipole approximation. Our current work focuses on analyzing RelRes by relating it with the Kullback-Leibler (KL) entropy, which is a useful metric for multiscale errors. In particular, we thoroughly examine the exact and approximate versions of this informatic measure for several alkane systems. By analyzing its dependency on the system size, we devise a formula for predicting the exact KL entropy of an "infinite" system via the computation of the approximate KL entropy of an "infinitesimal" system. Demonstrating that the KL entropy can holistically capture many multiscale errors, we settle bounds for the KL entropy that ensure a sufficient representation of the structural and thermal behavior by the RelRes algorithm. This, in turn, allows the scientific community to readily determine the ideal switching distance for an arbitrary RelRes system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Chaimovich
- Russian School of Mathematics, North Bethesda, Maryland 20852, United States
| | - Aviel Chaimovich
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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Sun Z, Qi M. End-modification of poly(ether-carbonate) copolymer by adamantane cages: An effective approach for improving the selectivity of gas chromatographic stationary phases. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1695:463940. [PMID: 36990034 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.463940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
This work reports the investigation of a new poly(propylene-carbonate) copolymer terminated by the adamantane cages (APPC) as the stationary phase for gas chromatographic (GC) analyses. In GC, the selectivity of a stationary phase is the key factor that governs the column separation performance for analytes, particularly those of high similarity in structures and properties. As such, we employed more than a dozen of isomer mixtures of separation difficulty for investigating the separation performance of the APPC column, involving the isomers of alkanes, alkylbenzenes, halobenzenes phenols and anilines. Meanwhile, the column coated with poly(propylene carbonate) diol (PPCD) differing from APPC only in their terminal groups and two commercial columns coated with polyethylene glycol (PEG) and polysiloxane, respectively, were used as the reference columns. The separation results evidenced the distinctly advantageous performance of the APPC column over the reference columns. Moreover, the APPC column showed excellent repeatability and reproducibility with the relative standard deviation (RSD) values over the range of 0.01%-0.04% for run-to-run, 0.15%-0.28% for day-to-day and 3.4%-3.9% for column-to-column (n = 4). Its application to GC-MS analysis of the verbena essential oil demonstrated its separation advantages for a wide range of components in practical samples. Up to date, the adamantyl-terminated poly(ether-carbonate) copolymers have not been reported in any fields. Its high-resolution performance demonstrates the feasibility of adamantyl-terminated block copolymers as highly selective stationary phases for GC analyses, which offers a vast room for fundamental researches and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqi Sun
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Meiling Qi
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
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Hagita K, Murashima T, Sakata N, Shimokawa K, Deguchi T, Uehara E, Fujiwara S. Molecular Dynamics of Topological Barriers on the Crystallization Behavior of Ring Polyethylene Melts with Trefoil Knots. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katsumi Hagita
- Department of Applied Physics, National Defense Academy, 1-10-20, Hashirimizu, Yokosuka239-8686, Japan
| | - Takahiro Murashima
- Department of Physics, Tohoku University, 6-3, Aramaki-aza-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai980-8578, Japan
| | - Naoki Sakata
- Department of Mathematics, Saitama University, 255, Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama338-8570, Japan
- Department of Physics, Ochanomizu University, 2-1-1, Otsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo112-8610, Japan
| | - Koya Shimokawa
- Department of Mathematics, Saitama University, 255, Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama338-8570, Japan
- Department of Mathematics, Ochanomizu University, 2-1-1, Otsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo112-8610, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Deguchi
- Department of Physics, Ochanomizu University, 2-1-1, Otsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo112-8610, Japan
| | - Erica Uehara
- Department of Physics, Ochanomizu University, 2-1-1, Otsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo112-8610, Japan
| | - Susumu Fujiwara
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki,
Sakyo-ku, Kyoto606-8585, Japan
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Schmid F. Understanding and Modeling Polymers: The Challenge of Multiple Scales. ACS POLYMERS AU 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acspolymersau.2c00049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Friederike Schmid
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Staudingerweg 9, 55128Mainz, Germany
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Fan T, Qin J, Meng X, Li J, Liu Q, Wang G. Biodegradable membrane of poly(l-lactide acid-dioxanone-glycolide) and stereocomplex poly(lactide) with enhanced crystallization and biocompatibility. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:1021218. [PMID: 36246351 PMCID: PMC9561826 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1021218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The membranes of poly(l-lactide acid-p-dioxanone-glycolide) (PLPG) with stereocomplex poly(lactic acid) (sc-PLA) were prepared by the solution blending way. It was observed that sc-PLA significantly heightened the crystallizing behavior of PLLA segments of the PLPG matrix. The crystallizing behavior displayed that the temperature of crystallization shifted to a higher range than that of PLPG. Moreover, the half-time of crystallization sharply decreased in value as the sc-PLA content increased in value on account of the pre-eminent nucleation ability of sc-PLA. TGA results revealed the thermal stability of the samples with the increase of sc-PLA compared to PLPG. Meanwhile, enzymatic degradation results indicated that the mass loss rate of the membrane decreased with the introduction of sc-PLA, but the overall degradation ability was still greater than that of PLLA. In the meantime, the biological experiment indicated that the membrane possessed low cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantang Fan
- College of Medical Engineering & the Key Laboratory for Medical Functional Nanomaterials, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Jingwen Qin
- The Institute for Translational Nanomedicine, Shanghai East Hospital, The Institute for Biomedical Engineering & Nano Science, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Meng
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiafeng Li
- China Coal Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Liu
- The Institute for Translational Nanomedicine, Shanghai East Hospital, The Institute for Biomedical Engineering & Nano Science, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Qing Liu, ; Guannan Wang,
| | - Guannan Wang
- College of Medical Engineering & the Key Laboratory for Medical Functional Nanomaterials, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- *Correspondence: Qing Liu, ; Guannan Wang,
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Chen X, Qi S, Yan D. Reversible cross-linking facilitates the formation of critical nucleus in binary polymer blends. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:124903. [PMID: 35364867 DOI: 10.1063/5.0086136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Using self-consistent field theory, we study the effect of reversible cross-linking on the nucleation behavior of a binary polymer blend where only one of the components is able to form cross-links. To control the total number of cross-links and their distribution, we introduce a position-dependent cross-linking probability function that is characterized mainly by two parameters, the magnitude and the width. In the weakly cross-linked region, where the product of the magnitude and width, I, is small, the nucleation behavior is classical-like and the profile of the free energy excess is unimodal. In contrast, in the strongly cross-linked region, the profile of the free energy excess becomes bimodal, and the free energy minimum specifies a metastable nucleus. In a certain I, the free energy barrier for the metastable nucleus turns to be negative, which means it becomes more stable. In both cases, the free energy barrier of the critical nucleus is lower than that without cross-linking, indicating that cross-linking always facilitates nucleation although the dynamic behavior may be different when a metastable nucleus is involved during the nucleation process. The free energy analysis demonstrates that the interaction energy rather than the entropy is responsible for the properties of the critical nucleus. Our study provides an easy alternative way for the control of the nucleation behavior and may attract practical interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxiang Chen
- Department of Physics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Shuanhu Qi
- Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Dadong Yan
- Department of Physics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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Dependence of Crystallization Behavior of Interacting Telechelic Poly(butylene succinate) Oligomer on Molecular Weight. CRYSTALS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst11121530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A large spherulite structure deteriorates the mechanical properties of crystalline polymers, and therefore various methods have been explored to increase primary nucleation density. Recently, chain-end modification has been proposed as an effective approach for regulating polymer crystal nucleation. However, the relevant nucleation mechanism still requires investigation. Therefore, in this work, 2-ureido-4[1H]-pyrimidinone (UPy) units, which can form stacks via quadruple hydrogen bonds with each other, are introduced as end groups for the preparation of interacting telechelic poly(butylene succinate) (PBS-UPy) oligomers with different molecular weights (Mns). The crystallization, especially the nucleation behavior of PBS-UPy, is studied in detail by comparing with the corresponding pre-polymer, the hydroxyl-terminal PBS (PBS-OH). The thermal properties of PBS-UPy exhibit similar Mn-dependent tendency to those of PBS-OH, but with weaker total crystallization rate. The spherulite growth rate is significantly reduced, whereas the primary nucleation density is highly promoted, after introducing UPy groups. Further investigation reveals that the mechanism of UPy stacks’ influence on nucleation ability changes from inhibition to promotion with respect to Mn. Even under an inhibition of nucleation ability, the final nucleation density is obviously increased because of a significant decline of the growth rate. In addition, the change in the impact of UPy stacks on nucleation ability is speculated to originate from the memory expression feasibility of ordered conformation in the melt during crystallization.
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