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Yue X, Li F, Fu X, Wang Y, Yan N. Self-assembly of gold nanoparticles into ring-like hierarchical superstructures with tunable interparticle distance. SOFT MATTER 2024. [PMID: 39356348 DOI: 10.1039/d4sm00836g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2024]
Abstract
Ring-like hierarchical superstructures have attracted increasing attention in recent years due to their structural symmetry and interesting properties. Here, we obtain well-defined ring-like superstructures with tunable interparticle distance from the self-assembly of polystyrene (PS)-tethered gold nanoparticles (AuNPs@PS). The results show that the interparticle distance between the adjacent AuNPs of the ring-like superstructures can be systematically tailored by adjusting the molecular weight of the tethered PS ligands. The thickness of the ring-like superstructures is proportional to the concentration of the inorganic NP building blocks. Interestingly, the formation of ring-like superstructures can be extended to a variety of inorganic NP building blocks with different diameters, shapes, tethered polymers. The PS-tethered gold nanorods (AuNRs) and gold nanocubes (AuNCs) can also self-assemble into ring-like superstructures. It is noteworthy that this strategy is universal to fabricate a variety of ring-like superstructures, which have potential applications in surface-enhanced Raman scattering, optoelectronics, and sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Yue
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Technology Innovation Center of Modified Plastics of Hebei Province, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056038, China.
| | - Feibo Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Technology Innovation Center of Modified Plastics of Hebei Province, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056038, China.
| | - Xiying Fu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Technology Innovation Center of Modified Plastics of Hebei Province, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056038, China.
| | - Yanming Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Technology Innovation Center of Modified Plastics of Hebei Province, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056038, China.
| | - Nan Yan
- College of Chemistry, Changchun Normal University, Changchun 130032, China.
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Hendeniya N, Chittick C, Hillery K, Abtahi S, Mosher C, Chang B. Revealing the Kinetic Phase Behavior of Block Copolymer Complexes Using Solvent Vapor Absorption-Desorption Isotherms. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:18144-18153. [PMID: 38530201 PMCID: PMC11009910 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c00076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Controlling the self-assembled morphologies in block copolymers heavily depends on their molecular architecture and processing conditions. Solvent vapor annealing is a versatile processive pathway to obtain highly periodic self-assemblies from high chi (χ) block copolymers (BCPs) and supramolecular BCP complexes. Despite the importance of navigating the energy landscape, controlled solvent vapor annealing (SVA) has not been investigated in BCP complexes, partly due to its intricate multicomponent nature. We introduce characteristic absorption-desorption solvent vapor isotherms as an effective way to understand swelling behavior and follow the morphological evolution of the polystyrene-block-poly(4-vinylpyridine) block copolymer complexed with pentadecylphenol (PS-b-P4VP(PDP)). Using the sorption isotherms, we identify the glass transition points, polymer-solvent interaction parameters, and bulk modulus. These parameters indicate that complexation completely screens the polymer interchain interactions. Furthermore, we established that the sorption isotherm of the homopolymer blocks serves to deconvolute the intricacy of BCP complexes. We applied our findings by developing annealing pathways for grain coarsening while preventing macroscopic film dewetting under SVA. Here, grain coarsening obeyed a power law and the growth exponent revealed a kinetic transition point for rapid self-assembly. Overall, SVA-based sorption isotherms have emerged as a critical method for understanding and developing annealing pathways for BCP complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayanathara Hendeniya
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Iowa
State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Caden Chittick
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Iowa
State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Kaitlyn Hillery
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Iowa
State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Shaghayegh Abtahi
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Iowa
State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Curtis Mosher
- Roy
J. Carver High-Resolution Microscopy Facility, Office of Biotechnology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Boyce Chang
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Iowa
State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
- Micro-Electronics
Research Center, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
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Heo J, Seo S, Yun H, Ku KH. Stimuli-responsive nanoparticle self-assembly at complex fluid interfaces: a new insight into dynamic surface chemistry. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:3951-3968. [PMID: 38319675 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr05990a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
The self-assembly of core/shell nanoparticles (NPs) at fluid interfaces is a rapidly evolving area with tremendous potential in various fields, including biomedicine, display devices, catalysts, and sensors. This review provides an in-depth exploration of the current state-of-the-art in the programmed design of stimuli-responsive NP assemblies, with a specific focus on inorganic core/organic shell NPs below 100 nm for their responsive adsorption properties at fluid and polymer interfaces. The interface properties, such as ligands, charge, and surface chemistry, play a significant role in dictating the forces and energies governing both NP-NP and NP-hosting matrix interactions. We highlight the fundamental principles governing the reversible surface chemistry of NPs and present detailed experimental examples in the following three key aspects of stimuli-responsive NP assembly: (i) stimuli-driven assembly of NPs at the air/liquid interface, (ii) reversible NP assembly at the liquid/liquid interface, including films and Pickering emulsions, and (iii) hybrid NP assemblies at the polymer/polymer and polymer/water interfaces that exhibit stimuli-responsive behaviors. Finally, we address current challenges in existing approaches and offer a new perspective on the advances in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieun Heo
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seunghwan Seo
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hongseok Yun
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute for Convergence of Basic Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kang Hee Ku
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea.
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Yue X, Li J, Yan N, Jiang W. Entropically Driven Fabrication of Binary Superlattices Assembled from Polymer-Tethered Nanocubes and Nanospheres. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2207984. [PMID: 36896998 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202207984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The spontaneous organization of two types of nanoparticles (NPs) with different shapes or properties into binary nanoparticle superlattices (BNSLs) with different configurations has recently attracted significant attention due to the coupling or synergistic effect of the two types of NPs, providing an efficient and general route for designing new functional materials and devices. Here, this work reports the co-assembly of polystyrene (PS) tethered anisotropic gold nanocubes (AuNCs@PS) and isotropic gold NPs (AuNPs@PS) via an emulsion-interface self-assembly strategy. The distributions and arrangements of the AuNCs and spherical AuNPs in the BNSLs can be precisely controlled by adjusting the effective size ratio (λeff ) of the effective diameter (deff ) of the embedded spherical AuNPs to the polymer gap size (L) between the neighboring AuNCs. λeff determines not only the change of the conformational entropy of the grafted polymer chains (∆Scon ) but also the mixing entropy (∆Smix ) of the two types of NPs. During the co-assembly process, ∆Smix tends to be as high as possible, and the -∆Scon tends to be as low as possible, leading to free energy minimization. As a result, well-defined BNSLs with controllable distributions of spherical and cubic NPs can be obtained by tuning λeff . This strategy can also be applied for other NPs with different shapes and atomic properties, thus largely enriching the BNSL library and enabling the fabrication of multifunctional BNSLs, which have potential applications in photothermal therapy, surface-enhanced Raman scattering, and catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, 056038, China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Jinlan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Nan Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
- College of Chemistry, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, 130032, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
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Hendeniya N, Hillery K, Chang BS. Processive Pathways to Metastability in Block Copolymer Thin Films. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15030498. [PMID: 36771799 PMCID: PMC9920306 DOI: 10.3390/polym15030498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Block copolymers (BCPs) self-assemble into intricate nanostructures that enhance a multitude of advanced applications in semiconductor processing, membrane science, nanopatterned coatings, nanocomposites, and battery research. Kinetics and thermodynamics of self-assembly are crucial considerations in controlling the nanostructure of BCP thin films. The equilibrium structure is governed by a molecular architecture and the chemistry of its repeat units. An enormous library of materials has been synthesized and they naturally produce a rich equilibrium phase diagram. Non-equilibrium phases could potentially broaden the structural diversity of BCPs and relax the synthetic burden of creating new molecules. Furthermore, the reliance on synthesis could be complicated by the scalability and the materials compatibility. Non-equilibrium phases in BCPs, however, are less explored, likely due to the challenges in stabilizing the metastable structures. Over the past few decades, a variety of processing techniques were introduced that influence the phase transformation of BCPs to achieve a wide range of morphologies. Nonetheless, there is a knowledge gap on how different processive pathways can induce and control the non-equilibrium phases in BCP thin films. In this review, we focus on different solvent-induced and thermally induced processive pathways, and their potential to control the non-equilibrium phases with regards to their unique aspects and advantages. Furthermore, we elucidate the limitations of these pathways and discuss the potential avenues for future investigations.
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Surfactant Mediated Microphase Separation in Miscible Block Copolymer of Poly(4-vinyl pyridine-b-hydroxybutylacrylate). CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-022-2876-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Park J, Nam J, Seo M, Li S. Side-Chain Density Driven Morphology Transition in Brush-Linear Diblock Copolymers. ACS Macro Lett 2022; 11:468-474. [PMID: 35575336 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.2c00068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We report the synthesis and self-assembly of brush-linear diblock copolymers with variable side-chain length and density. Poly(pentafluorophenyl acrylate-g-ethylene glycol)-b-polystyrene ((PPFPA-g-PEG)-b-PS) brush-linear diblock copolymers are prepared by sequential reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization of PPFPA and PS, followed by postpolymerization reaction between the precursor PPFPA-b-PS diblock copolymer and amine-functionalized PEG. By controlling the PEG chain length and the degree of substitution, we obtained brush-linear diblock copolymers with different side-chain lengths and densities. The solid-state morphologies of the diblocks are then examined by small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). At low PEG side-chain density, the segregation of PEG and PS away from PPFPA leads to the formation of PEG and PS lamellar domains with PPFPA in the interface. At high PEG side-chain density, the segregation is between the PPFPA-g-PEG brush block and the PS linear block, and the domain morphology is determined by the composition of the brush block. A partial experimental phase diagram is presented, and it illustrates the importance of both side-chain length and density on the microdomain morphology of brush-linear diblock copolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaemin Park
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyun Nam
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Myungeun Seo
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sheng Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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Gadzinowski M, Kasprów M, Basinska T, Slomkowski S, Otulakowski Ł, Trzebicka B, Makowski T. Synthesis, Hydrophilicity and Micellization of Coil-Brush Polystyrene- b-(polyglycidol- g-polyglycidol) Copolymer-Comparison with Linear Polystyrene- b-polyglycidol. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:253. [PMID: 35054660 PMCID: PMC8778311 DOI: 10.3390/polym14020253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In this paper, an original method of synthesis of Coil-Brush amphiphilic polystyrene-b-(polyglycidol-g-polyglycidol) (PS-b-(PGL-g-PGL)) block copolymers was developed. The hypothesis that their hydrophilicity and micellization can be controlled by polyglycidol blocks architecture was verified. The research enabled comparison of behavior in water of PS-b-PGL copolymers and block-brush copolymers PS-b-(PGL-g-PGL) with similar composition. The Coil-Brush copolymers were composed of PS-b-PGL linear core with average DPn of polystyrene 29 and 13 of polyglycidol blocks. The DPn of polyglycidol side blocks of coil-b-brush copolymers were 2, 7, and 11, respectively. The copolymers were characterized by 1H and 13C NMR, GPC, and FTIR methods. The hydrophilicity of films from the linear and Coil-Brush copolymers was determined by water contact angle measurements in static conditions. The behavior of Coil-Brush copolymers in water and their critical micellization concentration (CMC) were determined by UV-VIS using 1,6-diphenylhexa-1,3,5-trien (DPH) as marker and by DLS. The CMC values for brush copolymers were much higher than for linear species with similar PGL content. The results of the copolymer film wettability and the copolymer self-assembly studies were related to fraction of hydrophilic polyglycidol. The CMC for both types of polymers increased exponentially with increasing content of polyglycidol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariusz Gadzinowski
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, H. Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland; (M.G.); (T.B.); (T.M.)
| | - Maciej Kasprów
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, M. Curie-Skłodowskiej 34, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland; (M.K.); (Ł.O.); (B.T.)
| | - Teresa Basinska
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, H. Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland; (M.G.); (T.B.); (T.M.)
| | - Stanislaw Slomkowski
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, H. Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland; (M.G.); (T.B.); (T.M.)
| | - Łukasz Otulakowski
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, M. Curie-Skłodowskiej 34, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland; (M.K.); (Ł.O.); (B.T.)
| | - Barbara Trzebicka
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, M. Curie-Skłodowskiej 34, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland; (M.K.); (Ł.O.); (B.T.)
| | - Tomasz Makowski
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, H. Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland; (M.G.); (T.B.); (T.M.)
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Buchheit R, Kuttich B, González-García L, Kraus T. Hybrid Dielectric Films of Inkjet-Printable Core-Shell Nanoparticles. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2103087. [PMID: 34425032 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202103087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A new type of hybrid core-shell nanoparticle dielectric that is suitable for inkjet printing is introduced. Gold cores (dcore ≈ 4.5 nm diameter) are covalently grafted with thiol-terminated polystyrene (Mn = 11000 Da and Mn = 5000 Da) and used as inks to spin-coat and inkjet-print dielectric films. The dielectric layers have metal volume fractions of 5 to 21 vol% with either random or face-centered-cubic structures depending on the polymer length and grafting density. Films with 21 vol% metal have dielectric constants of 50@1 Hz. Structural and electrical characterization using transmission electron microscopy, small-angle X-ray scattering, and impedance spectroscopy indicates that classical random capacitor-resistor network models partially describe this hybrid material but fail at high metal fractions, where the covalently attached shell prevents percolation and ensures high dielectric constants without the risk of dielectric breakdown. A comparison of disordered to ordered films indicates that the network structure affects dielectric properties less than the metal content. The applicability of the new dielectric material is demonstrated by formulating inkjet inks and printing devices. An inkjet-printed capacitor with an area of 0.79 mm2 and a 17 nm thick dielectric had a capacitance of 2.2 ± 0.1 n F @ 1 k H z .
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Buchheit
- INM - Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Campus D2 2, Saarbrücken, 66123, Germany
| | - Björn Kuttich
- INM - Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Campus D2 2, Saarbrücken, 66123, Germany
| | - Lola González-García
- INM - Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Campus D2 2, Saarbrücken, 66123, Germany
| | - Tobias Kraus
- INM - Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Campus D2 2, Saarbrücken, 66123, Germany
- Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus D2 2, Saarbrücken, 66123, Germany
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