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Petrus R, Kowaliński A, Lis T. Recycling primary lithium batteries using a coordination chemistry approach: recovery of lithium and manganese residues in the form of industrially important materials. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:7450-7469. [PMID: 38592737 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt00648h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we have investigated the potential use of post-consumer primary lithium metal batteries (LMBs) commonly used in portable electronic devices to recover lithium and manganese in the form of industrially important materials. A direct reaction of lithium-containing electronic waste with a naturally sourced ester, methyl salicylate, combined with a wide range of aliphatic alcohols has been used as a general method for recovering lithium in the form of lithium aryloxides of different nuclearities [Li(OAr)(HOMe)2] (1), [Li(OAr)(HOAr)] (2), [Li(OAr)(HOEt)]2 (3), [Li(OAr)(H2O)]2 (4), [Li4(OAr)4(EGME)2] (5), [Li6(OAr)6] (6-8) for ArOH = methyl salicylate (1, 2, 4, 6), ethyl salicylate (3, 7), 2-methoxyethyl salicylate (5, 8), and EGME = 2-methoxyethanol. The hydrolysis of 7 was then used to synthesize lithium salicylate [Li(Sal)(H2O)]n (10), which is an important antioxidant in the production of oils and grease. The discharged cathode material of Li-MnO2 batteries was investigated as a source from which LiClO4, Li2CO3, LiMn2O4, and Mn2O3 can be recovered by means of water-alcohol extraction or calcination. Particular emphasis was placed on the detailed characterization of all battery components and their decomposition products. LMBs were completely recycled for the first time, and materials were recovered from the cathode and the anode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafał Petrus
- Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, 23 Smoluchowskiego, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Adrian Kowaliński
- Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, 23 Smoluchowskiego, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Tadeusz Lis
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, 14 F. Joliot-Curie, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
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Hu S, Lei D, Chen Y, Xiao Q, Cheng H, Cao C, Zeng L, Xiao L, Qian Q, Chen Q. Highly Efficient Pyrolysis of Waste High-Temperature Vulcanized Silicone Rubber Assisted by Mechanochemical Milling. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c03657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Hu
- College of Chemistry and Materials, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou350007, China
| | - Dandan Lei
- College of Chemistry and Materials, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou350007, China
| | - Yujun Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Polymer Green Recycling of Ministry of Education, Fujian Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou350007, China
| | - Qiao Xiao
- College of Chemistry and Materials, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou350007, China
| | - Huiqing Cheng
- State Grid Fuzhou Electric Power Research Institute, Fuzhou350007, China
| | - Changlin Cao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Polymer Green Recycling of Ministry of Education, Fujian Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou350007, China
| | - Lingxing Zeng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Polymer Green Recycling of Ministry of Education, Fujian Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou350007, China
| | - Liren Xiao
- College of Chemistry and Materials, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou350007, China
| | - Qingrong Qian
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Polymer Green Recycling of Ministry of Education, Fujian Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou350007, China
| | - Qinghua Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Polymer Green Recycling of Ministry of Education, Fujian Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou350007, China
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Boronic ester-based vitrimeric methylvinyl silicone elastomer with “solid-liquid” feature and rate-dependent mechanical performance. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
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Chlupatý T, Růžičková Z, Kampová H, Merna J, Růžička A. Lithium, Magnesium, and Zinc Centers N,N'-Chelated by an Amine-Amide Hybrid Ligand. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:9392-9404. [PMID: 35706334 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c03850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and structure of lithium, magnesium, and zinc complexes N,N'-chelated by a hybrid amine-amido ligand ([2-(Me2NCH2)C6H4NR]-, abbreviated as LNR, where R = H, SiMe3, or Bn) are reported. The reaction of the least sterically demanding LNH with various magnesium sources gives the hexameric imide [LNMg]6 (4) by the elimination of n-butane from LNHMgnBu (2) or by the reaction of LNHLi (1) with MeMgBr. [LNH]2Mg (3) is obtained through the addition of 0.5 equiv of nBu2Mg or Mg[N(SiMe3)2]2 to LNH2 and with 1 equiv of nBu2Mg reacting to 2. Both LNHMgN(SiMe3)2 (6) and isostructural LNHZnN(SiMe3)2 (16) have been prepared using two different approaches: monodeprotonation of LNH2 by Zn/Mg[N(SiMe3)2]2 in a 1:1 ratio or ligand substitution of 2 or LNHZnEt (12) by 0.5 equiv of Sn[N(SiMe3)2]2. The reactions of 2 or 3 with 1 provide the heterotrimetallic complex [LNH]4Li2Mg (5). Benzyl- or trimethylsilyl-substituted anilines [LN(SiMe3)H (7) and LN(Bn)H (8)] with 0.5 equiv of nBu2Mg allow the formation of homoleptic bis(amides) of the [LN(R)]2Mg type (10 and 11). Nevertheless, only the silylated secondary amine 7 is able to provide the heteroleptic n-butylmagnesium amide LN(SiMe3)MgnBu (9) upon reaction with an equimolar amount of nBu2Mg. Similarly, 12, [LNH]2Zn (13), LN(R)ZnEt (17 and 18), and [LN(R)]2Zn [R = SiMe3 (19) and Bn (20)] were prepared by the monodeprotonation of LNH2 or LN(R)H using Et2Zn in the corresponding stoichiometric ratio. LNHZnI was prepared by the nucleophilic substitution of an ethyl chain in 12 by molecular iodine. A heterometallic complex, [LNH]4Li2Zn (14), analogous to 5 was prepared from 12 or 13 with 1 or 2 equiv of 1, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomáš Chlupatý
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, CZ-532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeňka Růžičková
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, CZ-532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Kampová
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, CZ-532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Merna
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Department of Polymers, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, CZ-166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Růžička
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, CZ-532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic
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Zou Z, An X, Li L, Fan X, Zhou Y, Wu S, Guo B. Microwave‐assisted alcoholysis of silicone rubber waste with geraniol for effective elastomer damping. POLYM ENG SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuanglei Zou
- Electric Power Research Institute of Guangdong Power Grid Co. Ltd. Guangzhou China
| | - Xinglong An
- Department of Polymer Materials Science and Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou China
| | - Li Li
- Electric Power Research Institute of Guangdong Power Grid Co. Ltd. Guangzhou China
| | - Xiaopeng Fan
- Electric Power Research Institute of Guangdong Power Grid Co. Ltd. Guangzhou China
| | - Yongyan Zhou
- Electric Power Research Institute of Guangdong Power Grid Co. Ltd. Guangzhou China
| | - Siwu Wu
- Department of Polymer Materials Science and Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou China
| | - Baochun Guo
- Department of Polymer Materials Science and Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou China
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Surface modification of waste silicone rubber via alcoholysis reaction and its application in polypropylene toughening. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-022-03002-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Petrus R, Utko J, Petrus JK, Awashra M, Lis T. Use of group 13 aryloxides for the synthesis of green chemicals and oxide materials. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:4135-4152. [DOI: 10.1039/d1dt03777c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this work, group 13 metal aryloxides [Al(MesalO)3] (1), [Me2Ga(MesalO)]2 (2), [AlLi3(MesalO)6] (3) and [Me2GaLi(MesalO)2(THF)] (4), were obtained by reaction of methyl salicylate (MesalOH) with group-13 alkyls MMe3 (for M...
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Petrus R, Lis T, Kowaliński A. Use of heterometallic alkali metal–magnesium aryloxides in ring-opening polymerization of cyclic esters. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:9144-9158. [DOI: 10.1039/d2dt00731b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The alkali metal–magnesium aryloxides of the general formula [Mg2M′2(OAr)6(THF)x] (for M′ = Li, Na, K, and x = 0, 2, 4) were used to investigate the cooperativity effect of different metal sites on the ring-opening polymerization of l-lactide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafał Petrus
- Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, 23 Smoluchowskiego, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Lis
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, 14 F. Joliot-Curie, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Adrian Kowaliński
- Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, 23 Smoluchowskiego, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
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