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Zhang C, Zhou J, Wang Y. Effects of Carbon Spacer Length on Conformational Transitions and Protein Adsorption of Polyzwitterions. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:13365-13374. [PMID: 38904255 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c00456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
The properties of polyzwitterions are closely linked to their carbon spacer length (CSL) between oppositely charged groups. A thorough understanding of the effect of CSL on the properties of polyzwitterion-functionalized membranes is important for their fouling resistance and separation performances. In this work, polyzwitterion-functionalized membranes with different CSLs are prepared by coupling selective swelling-induced pore generation with zwitterionization, and the investigation is focused on comprehending the molecular mechanisms underlying protein resistance and conformational transitions within polyzwitterions under varying CSLs. The zwitterionized films show an enhancement in the surface negative potential with the increase of CSL, attributed to the negatively charged groups distanced from the positively charged groups. Quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D) demonstrates that zwitterionized films with different CSLs display distinct levels of resistance to protein adsorption. The trimethylamine N-oxide-derived polymer (PTMAO, CSL = 0) zwitterionized film shows the highest resistance compared to the poly(3-[dimethyl(2'-methacryloyloxyethyl] ammonio) ethanesulfonate (PMAES, CSL = 2) zwitterionized film and the poly(sulfobetaine methacrylate) (PSBMA, CSL = 3) zwitterionized film, owing to its electrical neutrality and pronounced hydrophilicity. Moreover, analysis of the anti-polyelectrolyte behaviors reveals that PTMAO does not undergo a significant conformation transition in deionized water and salt solutions, while the conformations of PMAES and PSBMA display to be more salt-dependent as the CSL increases, attributed to their increased polarization and dipole moment. As a result, the permeability of zwitterionized membranes exhibits enhanced salt responsiveness with the increase in CSL. The findings of this study are expected to facilitate the design of adsorption-resistant surfaces desired in diverse fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxu Zhang
- Research Institute of Interdisciplinary Science & School of Materials Science and Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
| | - Jiemei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211816, China
| | - Yong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211816, China
- School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
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Zhou Z, Shi Q. Bioinspired Dopamine and N-Oxide-Based Zwitterionic Polymer Brushes for Fouling Resistance Surfaces. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1634. [PMID: 38931984 PMCID: PMC11207554 DOI: 10.3390/polym16121634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Biofouling is a great challenge for engineering material in medical-, marine-, and pharmaceutical-related applications. In this study, a novel trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO)-analog monomer, 3-(2-methylacrylamido)-N,N-dimethylpropylamine N-oxide (MADMPAO), was synthesized and applied for the grafting of poly(MADMPAO) (pMPAO) brushes on quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) chips by the combination of bio-inspired poly-dopamine (pDA) and surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization technology. The result of ion adsorption exhibited that a sequential pDA and pMPAO arrangement from the chip surface had different characteristics from a simple pDA layer. Ion adsorption on pMPAO-grafted chips was greatly inhibited at low salt concentrations of 1 and 10 mmol/L due to strong surface hydration in the presence of charged N+ and O- of zwitterionic pMPAO brushes on the outer layer on the chip surface, well known as the "anti-polyelectrolyte" effect. During BSA adsorption, pMPAO grafting also led to a marked decrease in frequency shift, indicating great inhibition of protein adsorption. It was attributed to weaker BSA-pMPAO interaction. In this study, the Au@pDA-4-pMPAO chip with the highest coating concentration of DA kept stable dissipation in BSA adsorption, signifying that the chip had a good antifouling property. The research provided a novel monomer for zwitterionic polymer and demonstrated the potential of pMPAO brushes in the development and modification of antifouling materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhou
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China;
| | - Qinghong Shi
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China;
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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Kobus M, Friedrich T, Zorn E, Burmeister N, Maison W. Medicinal Chemistry of Drugs with N-Oxide Functionalities. J Med Chem 2024; 67:5168-5184. [PMID: 38549449 PMCID: PMC11017254 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c00254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Molecules with N-oxide functionalities are omnipresent in nature and play an important role in Medicinal Chemistry. They are synthetic or biosynthetic intermediates, prodrugs, drugs, or polymers for applications in drug development and surface engineering. Typically, the N-oxide group is critical for biomedical applications of these molecules. It may provide water solubility or decrease membrane permeability or immunogenicity. In other cases, the N-oxide has a special redox reactivity which is important for drug targeting and/or cytotoxicity. Many of the underlying mechanisms have only recently been discovered, and the number of applications of N-oxides in the healthcare field is rapidly growing. This Perspective article gives a short summary of the properties of N-oxides and their synthesis. It also provides a discussion of current applications of N-oxides in the biomedical field and explains the basic molecular mechanisms responsible for their biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Kobus
- Universität Hamburg, Department of Chemistry, Bundesstrasse 45, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Timo Friedrich
- Universität Hamburg, Department of Chemistry, Bundesstrasse 45, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Eilika Zorn
- Universität Hamburg, Department of Chemistry, Bundesstrasse 45, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nils Burmeister
- Universität Hamburg, Department of Chemistry, Bundesstrasse 45, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Maison
- Universität Hamburg, Department of Chemistry, Bundesstrasse 45, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
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Zhang J, Wang C, Zhao H. Dynamic surfaces of latex films and their antifouling applications. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 654:1281-1292. [PMID: 37907007 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.10.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Latex polymer particles have been widely used in industry and everyday life. For decades the fabrication of "smart" latex film from latex particles has been a great challenge due to the difficulty in the synthesis of the functional latex particles by traditional emulsion polymerization using small molecular surfactants. In this manuscript, a simple and environmentally-friendly approach to the fabrication of "smart" latex films with dynamic surfaces is reported. Latex particles with poly(n-butyl methacrylate) (PnBMA) in the cores and zwitterionic poly-3-[dimethyl-[2-(2-methylprop-2-enoyloxy) ethyl]azaniumyl]propane-1-sulfonate (PDMAPS) in the shells are synthesized by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) mediated surfactant-free emulsion polymerization. The kinetics for the emulsion polymerization is studied, and the latex particles are analyzed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). Latex films are prepared by casting aqueous solutions of the latex particles at temperatures above the glass transition temperature (Tg) of PnBMA. On the dried latex film, the hydrophobic PnBMA blocks occupy the top surface; after water treatment, the hydrophilic PDMAPS blocks migrate to the surface. A change in the surface hydrophilicity results in a change in the water contact angle of the latex film. A mechanism for the formation of the dynamic surface structure is proposed in this research. Antifouling applications of the latex films are investigated. Experimental results indicate that the water-treated latex film is able to efficiently inhibit protein adsorption and resist bacterial adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, PR China
| | - Chen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, PR China
| | - Hanying Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, PR China.
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Feng Z, Feng X, Lu X. Bioinspired N-Oxide-Based Zwitterionic Polymer Brushes for Robust Fouling-Resistant Surfaces. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:7298-7308. [PMID: 37116217 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c00128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Fouling-resistant surfaces are needed for various environmental applications. Inspired by superhydrophilic N-oxide-based osmolytes in saltwater fish, we demonstrate the use of a trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) analogue for constructing fouling-resistant surfaces. The readily synthesized N-oxide monomer of methacrylamide is grafted to filtration membrane surfaces by surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP). Successful grafting of the amine N-oxide brush layer as confirmed by material characterization endows the surface with increased hydrophilicity, reduced charge, and decreased roughness. Notably, the introduction of the N-oxide layer does not compromise transport properties, i.e., water permeability and water-salt selectivity. Moreover, the modified membrane exhibits improved antifouling properties with a lower flux decline (32.1%) and greater fouling reversibility (18.55%) than the control sample (45.4% flux decline and 3.26% fouling reversibility). We further evaluate foulant-membrane interaction using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) to relate the reduced fouling tendency to the synergic effects of surface characteristic changes after amine N-oxide modification. Our results demonstrate the promise and potential of the N-oxide-based polymer brushes for the design of fouling resistance surfaces for a variety of emerging environmental applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zimou Feng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xunda Feng
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials, and College of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Xinglin Lu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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Zhang H, Li Y, Miao J, Zhu X, Yang J, Zhang Q, Yang Y, Zhao J, Hu Y, Zhao Y, Chen L. N-Oxide Zwitterion Functionalized Positively Charged Polyamide Composite Membranes for Nanofiltration. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:16094-16103. [PMID: 36512334 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c02750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
N-Oxide zwitterionic polyethyleneimine (ZPEI), a new kind of aqueous phase monomer synthesized by commercially branched polyethyleneimine (PEI) via oxidation reaction, was prepared for fabrication of thin-film composite (TFC) polyamide membranes via interfacial polymerization. The main factors, including the monomer concentration and immersion time of the aqueous phase and organic phase, were investigated. Compared with PEI-TFC membranes, the obtained optimal defect-free ZPEI-TFC membranes exhibited a lower roughness (3.3 ± 0.3 nm), a better surface hydrophilicity, and a smaller pore size (238 Da of MWCO). The positively charged ZPEI-TFC membranes (isoelectric point at pH 8.05) showed higher rejections toward both divalent cationic (MgCl2, 93.0%) and anionic (Na2SO4, 96.1%) salts with a water permeation flux of up to 81.0 L·m-2·h-1 at 6 bar, which surpassed currently reported membranes. More importantly, mainly owing to N-oxide zwitterion with strong hydration capability, ZPEI-TFC membranes displayed a high flux recovery ratio (97.0%) toward a model protein contaminant (bovine serum albumin), indicating good anti-fouling properties. Therefore, the novel N-oxide zwitterion functionalized positively charged nanofiltration membranes provide an alternative for water desalination and sewage reclamation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes/National Center for International Joint Research on Separation Membranes, School of Material Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin300387, China
| | - Yi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes/National Center for International Joint Research on Separation Membranes, School of Material Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin300387, China
| | - Junping Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes/National Center for International Joint Research on Separation Membranes, School of Material Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin300387, China
| | - Xinran Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes/National Center for International Joint Research on Separation Membranes, School of Material Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin300387, China
| | - Jing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes/National Center for International Joint Research on Separation Membranes, School of Material Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin300387, China
| | - Qinglei Zhang
- Beijing Origin Water Membrane Technology Company Limited, Beijing101400, China
| | - Yanfu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes/National Center for International Joint Research on Separation Membranes, School of Material Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin300387, China
| | - Junqiang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes/National Center for International Joint Research on Separation Membranes, School of Material Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin300387, China
| | - Yunxia Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes/National Center for International Joint Research on Separation Membranes, School of Material Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin300387, China
| | - Yiping Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes/National Center for International Joint Research on Separation Membranes, School of Material Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin300387, China
| | - Li Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes/National Center for International Joint Research on Separation Membranes, School of Material Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin300387, China
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Dou H, Xu M, Yang L, Wang B, Yu A, Zhang L, Chen Z, Jiang Z. Efficient ethylene/ethane separation by zwitterionic deep eutectic solvent membranes. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2022.121181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Zhu H, Chen Z, Qin L, Zhang L, Zhou J. Simulated preparation and hydration property of a new-generation zwitterionic modified PVDF membrane. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2022.120498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Li Y, Qi Q, Shan S, Yao Z, Liu F, Zhu B. The stabilization of ultrafiltration membrane blended with randomly structured amphiphilic copolymer: Micropollutants adsorption properties in filtration processes. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 613:234-243. [PMID: 35042024 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.01.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a blend membrane consisting of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and tertiary amine containing random copolymer poly(methyl methacrylate-r-dimethylamino-2-ethyl methacrylate) (P(MMA-r-DMAEMA)) was fabricated and utilized as an adsorptive membrane for micropollutants (anionic dye and heavy metal ions) removal from aqueous solutions. Cross-linking the random copolymer by p-xylylene dichloride (XDC) produced the membrane with improved copolymer retention ratio and stability, while slightly variated physicochemical properties. Besides, the fluxes of crosslinked blend membranes dramatically increased from 0.7 ± 0.1 L/(m2h) to 118.6 ± 5.9 L/(m2h). Then the present blend membrane was carried out adsorption and filtration experiments to investigate the influence of various of operation parameters including initial solution pH value, contacting time, initial solution concentration, and recycling efficiency on micropollutants removal. The experimental results showed that the removal of the anionic dyes and heavy metal ions on this tertiary amine containing blend membrane was a pH-dependent process with the maximum adsorption capacity at the initial solution pH of 3.5 for anionic dyes and 6.0 for metal ions, respectively. The membrane showed highly efficient capture of sunset yellow (above 99%). Meanwhile, the captured sunset yellow was recovered and concentrated with a small volume of alkaline solutions at pH 10.0, which simultaneously regenerated the membrane for its reuse. In a 3-cycle capture-recovery test, the membrane demonstrated a high sunset yellow recovery ratio and a volumetric concentration ratio as high as 400%. Our study provides an alternative strategy for functionalized membrane fabrication, micropollutants removal and recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- School of Environmental and Natural Resources, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, 310023, P. R. China
| | - Quan Qi
- School of Environmental and Natural Resources, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, 310023, P. R. China
| | - Shengdao Shan
- School of Environmental and Natural Resources, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, 310023, P. R. China
| | - Zhikan Yao
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China; Engineering Research Center of Membrane and Water Treatment (Ministry of Education), Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China.
| | - Fu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
| | - Baoku Zhu
- Engineering Research Center of Membrane and Water Treatment (Ministry of Education), Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China; Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China.
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Lin CH, Luo SC. Combination of AFM and Electrochemical QCM-D for Probing Zwitterionic Polymer Brushes in Water: Visualization of Ionic Strength and Surface Potential Effects. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:12476-12486. [PMID: 34648298 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c02230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The surface modification of soft zwitterionic polymer brushes with antifouling properties represents a facile approach to enhancing the performance of bioelectronics. Ionic strength and applied potentials play a crucial role in controlling polymer brushes' conformation and hydration states. In this study, we quantitatively investigated and compared poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine) (PMPC) and poly(sulfobetaine methacrylate) (PSBMA) brushes at different salt concentrations and applied surface potentials. Initiator-containing poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) films (poly(EDOT-Br)) were prepared by electropolymerization. After the conducting polymer was deposited, polymer brushes grew from the electrode surface through surface-initiated atom-transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP). Polymer brushes were carefully characterized for their surface morphologies using an atomic force microscope (AFM). The force volume method measured using AFM enabled the analysis of the Young's modulus of the two polymer brushes. Hydration states and protein binding behaviors of polymer brushes were examined using quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D). We further integrated a potentiostat with the QCM-D to conduct an electrochemical QCM-D study. The energy dissipation and frequency changes corresponded to the ion adsorption on the film surface under different ionic strengths. The results of both hydration states and nonspecific protein binding behavior indicate that PMPC brushes have greater ionic strength independency, implying the conformation of the unchanged PMPC brushes. Moreover, we illustrated how the surface potential influences nonspecific and specific binding behavior on PMPC brushes on PEDOT films compared with electrified poly(EDOT-PC) electrodes. We concluded that PMPC brushes exhibit unique behaviors that are barely affected by ion concentration, and that the brushes' modification results in less influence by surface potential due to the finite Debye length influencing the electrode surface to outer environment in an NaCl aqueous solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hsuan Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Shyh-Chyang Luo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes (NHRI), Miaoli County, 35053 Taiwan
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