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Park S, Sharmin T, Cho SM, Kelley SS, Shirwaiker RA, Park S. Single-Component Cellulose Acetate Sulfate Hydrogels for Direct Ink Writing 3D Printing. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:5889-5901. [PMID: 39166779 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.4c00578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Hydrogels, typically favored for 3D printing due to their viscoelasticity, are now trending toward ecofriendly alternatives amid growing environmental concerns. In this study, we crafted cellulose-based hydrogels, specifically employing cellulose acetate sulfate (CAS). By keeping the acetyl group substitution degree (DSacetyl = 1.8) and CAS molecular weight constant, we varied rheological properties by adjusting sulfate group substitution (DSsulfate = 0.4, 0.7, and 1.0) and CAS concentration (2-5 wt %). Rheological characterizations, including shear-thinning, yield stress, and thixotropy, were performed to identify optimal conditions for formulating CAS hydrogel ink in direct ink writing for 3D printing under selected experimental conditions. Based on rheological findings, CAS hydrogels with DSsulfate 0.7 and concentration of 4 wt % was used for 3D printing, with subsequent evaluation of printing metrics. Additionally, the effect of ionic cross-linking using Ca2+ ions on the structural integrity of 3D-printed structures was evaluated, demonstrating effective preservation through reinforced polymer networks. The shrinking and swelling behaviors of the 3D-printed structures were also significantly affected by this ionic cross-linking. Building on these findings, this work could broaden the range of cellulose derivatives available for the preparation of cellulose-based hydrogels for 3D printing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seonghyun Park
- Department of Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27607, United States
| | - Tavila Sharmin
- Edward P. Fitts Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27607, United States
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
| | - Seong-Min Cho
- Department of Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27607, United States
| | - Stephen S Kelley
- Department of Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27607, United States
| | - Rohan A Shirwaiker
- Edward P. Fitts Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27607, United States
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, United States
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
| | - Sunkyu Park
- Department of Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27607, United States
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Koga K, Kajimoto S, Yoshizaki Y, Takahashi H, Kageyama L, Konno T, Nakabayashi T. Establishment of a Method for the Introduction of Poorly Water-Soluble Drugs in Cells and Evaluation of Intracellular Concentration Distribution Using Resonance Raman Imaging. J Phys Chem B 2024; 128:1350-1359. [PMID: 38295808 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c06601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Label-free measurement is essential to understand the metabolism of drug molecules introduced into cells. Raman imaging is a powerful method to investigate intracellular drug molecules because it provides in situ label-free observation of introduced molecules. In this study, we propose that Raman imaging can be used not only to observe the intracellular distribution of drug molecules but also to quantitatively visualize the concentration distribution reflecting each organelle in a single living cell using the Raman band of extracellular water as an intensity standard. We dissolved poorly water-soluble all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) in water using a cytocompatible amphiphilic phospholipid polymer, poly[2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine-co-n-butyl methacrylate] (PMB) as a solubilizing reagent, introduced it into cells, and obtained the intracellular concentration distribution of ATRA. ATRA was concentrated in the cells and mainly localized to mitochondria and lipid droplets, interacting strongly with mitochondria and weakly with lipid droplets. Poorly water-soluble β-carotene was also introduced into cells using PMB but was not concentrated intracellularly, indicating that β-carotene does not interact specifically with intracellular molecules. We established a protocol for the solubilization and intracellular uptake of poorly water-soluble molecules using PMB and obtaining their concentration distribution using Raman microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Koga
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Shinji Kajimoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Yuta Yoshizaki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Takahashi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Lisa Kageyama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Konno
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Takakazu Nakabayashi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
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Senebandith H, Li D, Srivastava S. Advances, Applications, and Emerging Opportunities in Electrostatic Hydrogels. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:16965-16974. [PMID: 37976453 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c02255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) hydrogels, which self-assemble via complexation of oppositely charged block polymers, have recently risen to prominence owing to their unique characteristics such as hierarchical microstructure, tunable bulk properties, and the ability to precisely assimilate charged cargos (i.e., proteins and nucleic acids). Significant foundational research has delineated the structure-property relationship of PEC hydrogels for use in a wide range of applications. In this Perspective, we summarize key findings on the microstructure and bulk properties of PEC hydrogels and discuss how intrinsic and extrinsic factors can be tuned to create specifically tailored PEC hydrogels with desired properties. We highlight successful applications of PEC hydrogels while offering insight into strategies to overcome their shortcomings and elaborate on emerging opportunities in the field of electrostatic self-assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly Senebandith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Defu Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Samanvaya Srivastava
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Institute for Carbon Management, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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Schmidt BVKJ. Multicompartment Hydrogels. Macromol Rapid Commun 2022; 43:e2100895. [PMID: 35092101 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogels belong to the most promising materials in polymer and materials science at the moment. As they feature soft and tissue-like character as well as high water-content, a broad range of applications are addressed with hydrogels, e.g. tissue engineering and wound dressings but also soft robotics, drug delivery, actuators and catalysis. Ways to tailor hydrogel properties are crosslinking mechanism, hydrogel shape and reinforcement, but new features can be introduced by variation of hydrogel composition as well, e.g. via monomer choice, functionalization or compartmentalization. Especially, multicompartment hydrogels drive progress towards complex and highly functional soft materials. In the present review the latest developments in multicompartment hydrogels are highlighted with a focus on three types of compartments, i.e. micellar/vesicular, droplets or multi-layers including various sub-categories. Furthermore, several morphologies of compartmentalized hydrogels and applications of multicompartment hydrogels will be discussed as well. Finally, an outlook towards future developments of the field will be given. The further development of multicompartment hydrogels is highly relevant for a broad range of applications and will have a significant impact on biomedicine and organic devices. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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