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Lathrop P, Sun R, Beyer FL, Elabd YA. Highly Frustrated Poly(ionic liquid) ABC Triblock Terpolymers with Exceptionally High Morphology Factors. Macromolecules 2024; 57:3776-3797. [PMID: 38681059 PMCID: PMC11044597 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.3c02435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
In this work, we report the successful synthesis of 17 unique compositions of a poly(ionic liquid) (PIL) ABC triblock terpolymer, poly(S-b-VBMIm-TFSI-b-HA), where S is styrene, VBMIm-TFSI is vinylbenzyl methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, and HA is hexyl acrylate. Nine distinct morphologies were observed, including two-phase and three-phase disordered microphase separated (D2 and D3), two-phase hexagonally packed cylinders (C2), core-shell hexagonally packed cylinders (CCS), three-phase lamellae (L3), two-phase lamellae (L2), core-shell double gyroid (Q230), spheres-in-lamellae (LSI), and a three-phase hexagonal superlattice of cylinders (CSL). The LSI morphology was unambiguously confirmed using small-angle X-ray scattering and transmission electron microscopy. Morphology type significantly impacted the ion conductivity of the PIL ABC triblock terpolymers, where remarkable changes in morphology factor (normalized ion conductivity) were observed with only small changes in the conducting volume fraction, i.e., PIL block composition. An exceptionally high morphology factor of 2.0 was observed from the PIL ABC triblock terpolymer with a hexagonal superlattice morphology due to the three-dimensional narrow, continuous PIL nanodomains that accelerate ion conduction. Overall, this work demonstrates the first systematic study of highly frustrated single-ion conducting ABC triblock terpolymers with a diverse set of morphologies and exceptionally high morphology factors, enabling the exploration of transport-morphology relationships to guide the future design of highly conductive polymer electrolytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick
M. Lathrop
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Rui Sun
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Frederick L. Beyer
- U.S.
Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen
Proving Ground, Maryland 21005, United States
| | - Yossef A. Elabd
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
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2
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Zhang Z, Marioni N, Sachar HS, Ganesan V. Polymer Architecture-Induced Trade-off between Conductivities and Transference Numbers in Salt-Doped Polymeric Ionic Liquids. ACS Macro Lett 2023; 12:1351-1357. [PMID: 37728528 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.3c00376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Recent experiments have demonstrated that polymeric ionic liquids that share the same cation and anion but possess different architectures can exhibit markedly different conductivity and transference number characteristics when doped with lithium salt. In this study, we used atomistic molecular simulations on polymer chemistries inspired by the experiments to probe the mechanistic origins underlying the competition between conductivity and transference numbers. Our results indicate that the architecture of the polycationic ionic liquid plays a subtle but crucial role in modulating the anion-cation interactions, especially their dynamical coordination characteristics. Chemistries leading to longer-lived anion-cation coordinations relative to lithium-anion coordinations lead to lower conductivities and higher transference numbers. Our results suggest that higher conductivities are accompanied by lower transference numbers and vice versa, revealing that alternative approaches may need to be considered to break this trade-off in salt-doped polyILs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zidan Zhang
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Nico Marioni
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Harnoor S Sachar
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Venkat Ganesan
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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3
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Song Y, Jiang Y, Deng L, Yang G. Self-Repairable and Flexible Polymer Network Electrolyte with Enhanced Lithium-Ion Conduction for Lithium Metal Batteries. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202202717. [PMID: 36149011 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Developing high-performance functional polymer-based electrolytes is important for realizing next generation safe lithium metal batteries. In this study, a new type of quasi-solid polymer network electrolyte (SIPH-x-y%) was prepared by combining synthesized polymer network (SIPH) containing urethane bond linked ionic liquids (ILs), polyethylene glycol (PEG), and disulfide bond moieties, lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide salt (LiTFSI), and glyme type additive. It was found that SIPH-20-40% was mechanically flexible, self-healable, and showed high ionic conductivity of 2.67×10-4 S cm-1 . Also, SIPH-20-40% possesses a high lithium ion transference number of 0.43 and good electrochemical stability. These properties enabled the SIPH-20-40% electrolyte membrane to support Li/Li symmetrical cell to cycle stably during long term Li plating and stripping. The Li/SIPH-20-40%/LFP showed high delivered specific capacity and good stability (166.1 mAh g-1 after 106 cycles at 0.2 C). Such glyme doped polymer network electrolyte provides new experimental findings for developing polymer-based electrolyte with excellent mechanical integrity and battery related properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaduo Song
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, P. R. China.,National Engineering Research Centre of Electromagnetic Radiation Control Materials, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, P. R. China
| | - Yanxin Jiang
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, P. R. China.,National Engineering Research Centre of Electromagnetic Radiation Control Materials, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, P. R. China
| | - Longjiang Deng
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, P. R. China.,National Engineering Research Centre of Electromagnetic Radiation Control Materials, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, P. R. China
| | - Guang Yang
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, P. R. China.,National Engineering Research Centre of Electromagnetic Radiation Control Materials, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, P. R. China
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4
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Ion Correlations and Partial Ionicities in the Lamellar Phases of Block Copolymeric Ionic Liquids. ACS Macro Lett 2022; 11:1265-1271. [DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.2c00401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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5
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Grundy LS, Galluzzo MD, Loo WS, Fong AY, Balsara NP, Takacs CJ. Inaccessible Polarization-Induced Phase Transitions in a Block Copolymer Electrolyte: An Unconventional Mechanism for the Limiting Current. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lorena S. Grundy
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Michael D. Galluzzo
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Whitney S. Loo
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Anthony Y. Fong
- SSRL Materials Science Division, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Nitash P. Balsara
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Energy Storage and Distributed Resources Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Christopher J. Takacs
- SSRL Materials Science Division, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR), Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
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6
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Sun R, Agrawal M, Neyerlin KC, Snyder JD, Elabd YA. Proton Conducting Sulfonated Poly(Ionic Liquid) Block Copolymers. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Sun
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Mahesh Agrawal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Kenneth C. Neyerlin
- Chemistry and Nanoscience Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Joshua D. Snyder
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Yossef A. Elabd
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
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7
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Grim BJ, Green MD. Thermodynamics and Structure‐Property Relationships of Charged Block Polymers. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202200036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bradley J. Grim
- Chemical Engineering School for Engineering of Matter Transport and Energy Arizona State University Tempe AZ 85287
| | - Matthew D. Green
- Chemical Engineering School for Engineering of Matter Transport and Energy Arizona State University Tempe AZ 85287
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Yu X, Jiang X, Seidler ME, Shah NJ, Gao KW, Chakraborty S, Villaluenga I, Balsara NP. Nanostructured Ionic Separator Formed by Block Copolymer Self-Assembly: A Gateway for Alleviating Concentration Polarization in Batteries. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Yu
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Xi Jiang
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Morgan E. Seidler
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Neel J. Shah
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Kevin W. Gao
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Saheli Chakraborty
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Energy Storage & Distributed Resources Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Irune Villaluenga
- POLYMAT University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Nitash P. Balsara
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Energy Storage & Distributed Resources Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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9
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Zhang Z, Lin D, Ganesan V. Mechanisms of ion transport in lithium salt‐doped polymeric ionic liquid electrolytes at higher salt concentrations. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zidan Zhang
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering University of Texas at Austin Austin Texas USA
| | - Dachey Lin
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering University of Texas at Austin Austin Texas USA
| | - Venkat Ganesan
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering University of Texas at Austin Austin Texas USA
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