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Beach M, Nayanathara U, Gao Y, Zhang C, Xiong Y, Wang Y, Such GK. Polymeric Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery. Chem Rev 2024; 124:5505-5616. [PMID: 38626459 PMCID: PMC11086401 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
The recent emergence of nanomedicine has revolutionized the therapeutic landscape and necessitated the creation of more sophisticated drug delivery systems. Polymeric nanoparticles sit at the forefront of numerous promising drug delivery designs, due to their unmatched control over physiochemical properties such as size, shape, architecture, charge, and surface functionality. Furthermore, polymeric nanoparticles have the ability to navigate various biological barriers to precisely target specific sites within the body, encapsulate a diverse range of therapeutic cargo and efficiently release this cargo in response to internal and external stimuli. However, despite these remarkable advantages, the presence of polymeric nanoparticles in wider clinical application is minimal. This review will provide a comprehensive understanding of polymeric nanoparticles as drug delivery vehicles. The biological barriers affecting drug delivery will be outlined first, followed by a comprehensive description of the various nanoparticle designs and preparation methods, beginning with the polymers on which they are based. The review will meticulously explore the current performance of polymeric nanoparticles against a myriad of diseases including cancer, viral and bacterial infections, before finally evaluating the advantages and crucial challenges that will determine their wider clinical potential in the decades to come.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian
A. Beach
- School
of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Umeka Nayanathara
- School
of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Yanting Gao
- School
of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Changhe Zhang
- School
of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Yijun Xiong
- School
of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Yufu Wang
- School
of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Georgina K. Such
- School
of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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2
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Bowman JI, Eades CB, Vratsanos MA, Gianneschi NC, Sumerlin BS. Ultrafast Xanthate-Mediated Photoiniferter Polymerization-Induced Self-Assembly (PISA). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202309951. [PMID: 37793989 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202309951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA) is a powerful technique for preparing block copolymer nanostructures. Recently, efforts have been focused on applying photochemistry to promote PISA due to the mild reaction conditions, low cost, and spatiotemporal control that light confers. Despite these advantages, chain-end degradation and long reaction times can mar the efficacy of this process. Herein, we demonstrate the use of ultrafast photoiniferter PISA to produce polymeric nanostructures. By exploiting the rapid photolysis of xanthates, near-quantitative monomer conversion can be achieved within five minutes to prepare micelles, worms, and vesicles at various core-chain lengths, concentrations, or molar compositions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared I Bowman
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science and Engineering Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Cabell B Eades
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science and Engineering Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Maria A Vratsanos
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Nathan C Gianneschi
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Simpson-Querrey Institute, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Brent S Sumerlin
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science and Engineering Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
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3
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Aliabadi A, Hasannia M, Vakili-Azghandi M, Araste F, Abnous K, Taghdisi SM, Ramezani M, Alibolandi M. Synthesis approaches of amphiphilic copolymers for spherical micelle preparation: application in drug delivery. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:9325-9368. [PMID: 37706425 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb01371e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
The formation of polymeric micelles in aqueous environments through the self-assembly of amphiphilic polymers can provide a versatile platform to increase the solubility and permeability of hydrophobic drugs and pave the way for their administration. In comparison to various self-assembly-based vehicles, polymeric micelles commonly have a smaller size, spherical morphology, and simpler scale up process. The use of polymer-based micelles for the encapsulation and carrying of therapeutics to the site of action triggered a line of research on the synthesis of various amphiphilic polymers in the past few decades. The extended knowledge on polymers includes biocompatible smart amphiphilic copolymers for the formation of micelles, therapeutics loading and response to external stimuli, micelles with a tunable drug release pattern, etc. Different strategies such as ring-opening polymerization, atom transfer radical polymerization, reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer, nitroxide mediated polymerization, and a combination of these methods were employed to synthesize copolymers with diverse compositions and topologies with the proficiency of self-assembly into well-defined micellar structures. The current review provides a summary of the important polymerization techniques and recent achievements in the field of drug delivery using micellar systems. This review proposes new visions for the design and synthesis of innovative potent amphiphilic polymers in order to benefit from their application in drug delivery fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Aliabadi
- Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maliheh Hasannia
- Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Masoume Vakili-Azghandi
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Fatemeh Araste
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Khalil Abnous
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Seyed Mohammad Taghdisi
- Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Department, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ramezani
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Department, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mona Alibolandi
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Department, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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4
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Davidson CLG, Lott ME, Trachsel L, Wong AJ, Olson RA, Pedro DI, Sawyer WG, Sumerlin BS. Inverse Miniemulsion Enables the Continuous-Flow Synthesis of Controlled Ultra-High Molecular Weight Polymers. ACS Macro Lett 2023; 12:1224-1230. [PMID: 37624643 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.3c00431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
We report the controlled synthesis of ultra-high molecular weight (UHMW) polymers (Mn ≥ 106 g/mol) via continuous flow in a tubular reactor. At high monomer conversion, UHMW polymers in homogeneous batch polymerization exhibit high viscosities that pose challenges for employing continuous flow reactors. However, under heterogeneous inverse miniemulsion (IME) conditions, UHMW polymers can be produced within the dispersed phase, while the viscosity of the heterogeneous mixture remains approximately the same as the viscosity of the continuous phase. Conducting such IME polymerizations in flow results in a faster rate of polymerization compared to batch IME polymerizations while still providing excellent control over molecular weight up to 106 g/mol. Crucial emulsion parameters, such as particle size and stability under continuous flow conditions, were examined using dynamic light scattering. A range of poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide) and poly(4-acryloylmorpholine) polymers with molecular weights of 104-106 g/mol (Đ ≤ 1.31) were produced by this method using water-soluble trithiocarbonates as photoiniferters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cullen L G Davidson
- George and Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - Megan E Lott
- George and Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - Lucca Trachsel
- George and Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - Alexander J Wong
- George and Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - Rebecca A Olson
- George and Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - Diego I Pedro
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - W Gregory Sawyer
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Brent S Sumerlin
- George and Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
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5
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Dutta D, Nair RR, Mangalath S, Nair SA, Joseph J, Gogoi P, Ramaiah D. Biocompatible Aza-BODIPY-Biotin Conjugates for Photodynamic Therapy of Cancer. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:26180-26190. [PMID: 37521632 PMCID: PMC10373210 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c02416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
With an objective to develop efficient photosensitizers to cancerous tissues, we synthesized two novel biocompatible sensitizers based on aza-BODIPYs incorporated with heavy atoms and biotin moieties. The bioconjugates DPR2a and DPR2b exhibited a favorable absorption range (600-750 nm) with excellent triplet-state quantum yields (up to 79%) and singlet oxygen generation yields (up to 75%). In vitro photobiological investigations employing MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines exhibited rapid cellular uptake, negligible dark toxicity, and high photocytotoxicity. The mechanism of cell death of these systems was predominantly due to the mitochondrial damage, leading to apoptosis mediated via the generation of singlet oxygen-triggered reactive oxygen species. The in vivo studies with the representative conjugate DPR2a employing female NOD/SCID mice models showed inhibition in tumor growth and significantly decreased tumor volume post photodynamic therapy (PDT) treatment. Our results validate that both DPR2a and DPR2b with iodine incorporation exhibit favorable and superior photophysical and photobiological aspects and demonstrate thereby their potential applications in imaging and PDT of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhiraj Dutta
- Applied
Organic Chemistry Group, Chemical Science and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology
(CSIR-NEIST), Jorhat, Assam 785006, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Rajshree R. Nair
- Cancer
Research Program 4, Rajiv Gandhi Centre
for Biotechnology, Trivandrum, Kerala 695014, India
- Manipal
Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
| | - Sreejith Mangalath
- Photosciences
and Photonics Section, Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science
and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Trivandrum 695019, India
| | - S. Asha Nair
- Cancer
Research Program 4, Rajiv Gandhi Centre
for Biotechnology, Trivandrum, Kerala 695014, India
| | - Joshy Joseph
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
- Photosciences
and Photonics Section, Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science
and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Trivandrum 695019, India
| | - Pranjal Gogoi
- Applied
Organic Chemistry Group, Chemical Science and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology
(CSIR-NEIST), Jorhat, Assam 785006, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Danaboyina Ramaiah
- Department
of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology
& Science (BITS), Jawahar Nagar, Hyderabad, Telangana 500078, India
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6
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Farasati Far B, Isfahani AA, Nasiriyan E, Pourmolaei A, Mahmoudvand G, Karimi Rouzbahani A, Namiq Amin M, Naimi-Jamal MR. An Updated Review on Advances in Hydrogel-Based Nanoparticles for Liver Cancer Treatment. LIVERS 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/livers3020012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
More than 90% of all liver malignancies are hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs), for which chemotherapy and immunotherapy are the ideal therapeutic choices. Hepatocellular carcinoma is descended from other liver diseases, such as viral hepatitis, alcoholism, and metabolic syndrome. Normal cells and tissues may suffer damage from common forms of chemotherapy. In contrast to systemic chemotherapy, localized chemotherapy can reduce side effects by delivering a steady stream of chemotherapeutic drugs directly to the tumor site. This highlights the significance of controlled-release biodegradable hydrogels as drug delivery methods for chemotherapeutics. This review discusses using hydrogels as drug delivery systems for HCC and covers thermosensitive, pH-sensitive, photosensitive, dual-sensitive, and glutathione-responsive hydrogels. Compared to conventional systemic chemotherapy, hydrogel-based drug delivery methods are more effective in treating cancer.
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7
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Hughes RW, Lott ME, Bowman JI, Sumerlin BS. Excitation Dependence in Photoiniferter Polymerization. ACS Macro Lett 2023; 12:14-19. [PMID: 36533885 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.2c00683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
We report on a fundamental feature of photoiniferter polymerizations mediated with trithiocarbonates and xanthates. The polymerizations were found to be highly dependent on the activated electronic excitation of the iniferter. Enhanced rates of polymerization and greater control over molecular weights were observed for trithiocarbonate- and xanthate-mediated photoiniferter polymerizations when the n → π* transition of the iniferter was targeted compared to the polymerizations activating the π → π* transition. The disparities in rates of polymerization were attributed to the increased rate of C-S photolysis which was confirmed using model trapping studies. This study provides valuable insight into the role of electronic excitations in photoiniferter polymerization and provides guidance when selecting irradiation conditions for applications where light sensitivity is important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhys W Hughes
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Megan E Lott
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Jared I Bowman
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Brent S Sumerlin
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
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8
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Ikkene D, Six JL, Ferji K. Progress in Aqueous Dispersion RAFT PISA. Eur Polym J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2023.111848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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9
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Shi H, Wan Y, Tian X, Wang L, Shan L, Zhang C, Wu MY, Feng S. Synergistically Enhancing Tumor Chemotherapy Using an Aggregation-Induced Emission Photosensitizer on Covalently Conjugated Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Nanoparticles. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:56585-56596. [PMID: 36513426 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c17731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Due to the polygenic and heterogeneous nature of the tumorigenesis process, traditional chemotherapy is far from desirable. Fabricating multifunctional nanoplatforms integrating photodynamic effect can synergistically enhance chemotherapy because they can make the cancer cells much sensitive to chemotherapeutics. However, how to assemble different units in nanoplatforms and minimize side effects caused by chemodrugs and photosensitizers (PSs) still needs to be explored. Herein, a nanoplatform CPP/PS-MIP@DOX is developed using a simultaneously covalently conjugated new aggregation-induced emission (AIE) PS and a cell-penetrating peptide (CPP) on the surface of silica-based molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) nanoparticles, prepared with doxorubicin (DOX) as the template in the water system via a sol-gel technique. CPP/PS-MIP@DOX has good biocompatibility, high DOX-loading ability, promoted cellular uptake, and sustained and pH-sensitive drug release capability. Furthermore, it can efficiently penetrate into tumor tissue, accurately home to, and accumulate at the tumor site. As a result, a better efficacy with lower cytotoxicity is achieved with a smaller dosage of DOX by utilizing either the photodynamic effect or unique characteristics of the MIP. It is the first nanoplatform fabricated by chemically conjugating AIE PSs directly on the surface of the scaffold via the surface-decorated strategy and successfully applied in cancer therapy. This work provides an effective strategy by constructing AIE PS-based cancer nanomedicines with MIPs as scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haizhu Shi
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Yu Wan
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Xiao Tian
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Lijuan Wang
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Lianhai Shan
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Chungu Zhang
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Ming-Yu Wu
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Shun Feng
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
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Kolay S, Mondal A, Ali SM, Santra S, Molla MR. Photoswitchable polyurethane based nanoaggregates for on-command release of noncovalent guest molecules. JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10601325.2022.2132168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Soumya Kolay
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - Arun Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - Sk. Mursed Ali
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - Subrata Santra
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
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11
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Dhaini B, Wagner L, Moinard M, Daouk J, Arnoux P, Schohn H, Schneller P, Acherar S, Hamieh T, Frochot C. Importance of Rose Bengal Loaded with Nanoparticles for Anti-Cancer Photodynamic Therapy. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15091093. [PMID: 36145315 PMCID: PMC9504923 DOI: 10.3390/ph15091093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Rose Bengal (RB) is a photosensitizer (PS) used in anti-cancer and anti-bacterial photodynamic therapy (PDT). The specific excitation of this PS allows the production of singlet oxygen and oxygen reactive species that kill bacteria and tumor cells. In this review, we summarize the history of the use of RB as a PS coupled by chemical or physical means to nanoparticles (NPs). The studies are divided into PDT and PDT excited by X-rays (X-PDT), and subdivided on the basis of NP type. On the basis of the papers examined, it can be noted that RB used as a PS shows remarkable cytotoxicity under the effect of light, and RB loaded onto NPs is an excellent candidate for nanomedical applications in PDT and X-PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Batoul Dhaini
- Reactions and Chemical Engineering Laboratory, Université de Lorraine, LRGP-CNRS, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Laurène Wagner
- Laboratory of Macromolecular Physical Chemistry, Université de Lorraine, LCPM-CNRS, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Morgane Moinard
- Reactions and Chemical Engineering Laboratory, Université de Lorraine, LRGP-CNRS, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Joël Daouk
- Department of Biology, Signals and Systems in Cancer and Neuroscience, Université de Lorraine, CRAN-CNRS, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Philippe Arnoux
- Reactions and Chemical Engineering Laboratory, Université de Lorraine, LRGP-CNRS, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Hervé Schohn
- Department of Biology, Signals and Systems in Cancer and Neuroscience, Université de Lorraine, CRAN-CNRS, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Perrine Schneller
- Department of Biology, Signals and Systems in Cancer and Neuroscience, Université de Lorraine, CRAN-CNRS, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Samir Acherar
- Laboratory of Macromolecular Physical Chemistry, Université de Lorraine, LCPM-CNRS, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Tayssir Hamieh
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Materials, Catalysis, Environment and Analytical Methods Laboratory (MCEMA), Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University, Hadath 6573, Lebanon
| | - Céline Frochot
- Reactions and Chemical Engineering Laboratory, Université de Lorraine, LRGP-CNRS, F-54000 Nancy, France
- Correspondence:
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12
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Wan J, Fan B, Thang SH. RAFT-mediated polymerization-induced self-assembly (RAFT-PISA): current status and future directions. Chem Sci 2022; 13:4192-4224. [PMID: 35509470 PMCID: PMC9006902 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc00762b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA) combines polymerization and self-assembly in a single step with distinct efficiency that has set it apart from the conventional solution self-assembly processes. PISA holds great promise for large-scale production, not only because of its efficient process for producing nano/micro-particles with high solid content, but also thanks to the facile control over the particle size and morphology. Since its invention, many research groups around the world have developed new and creative approaches to broaden the scope of PISA initiations, morphologies and applications, etc. The growing interest in PISA is certainly reflected in the increasing number of publications over the past few years, and in this review, we aim to summarize these recent advances in the emerging aspects of RAFT-mediated PISA. These include (1) non-thermal initiation processes, such as photo-, enzyme-, redox- and ultrasound-initiation; the achievements of (2) high-order structures, (3) hybrid materials and (4) stimuli-responsive nano-objects by design and adopting new monomers and new processes; (5) the efforts in the realization of upscale production by utilization of high throughput technologies, and finally the (6) applications of current PISA nano-objects in different fields and (7) its future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wan
- School of Chemistry, Monash University Clayton VIC 3800 Australia
| | - Bo Fan
- School of Chemistry, Monash University Clayton VIC 3800 Australia
| | - San H Thang
- School of Chemistry, Monash University Clayton VIC 3800 Australia
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13
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Heuer J, Ferguson CTJ. Photocatalytic polymer nanomaterials for the production of high value compounds. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:1646-1652. [PMID: 35037676 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr06985c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology has provided a platform for producing new photocatalytic materials, where the reduction in length scales has been used to amplify the efficiency of these light active materials. The progression to nano-based photocatalysts has been driven by the increase in surface area that is achieved. Furthermore, nanophotocatalysts based on porous polymers or gel materials are often more active as reagents can more easily partition across the whole photocatalyst. Here, reducing the diffusional path length for substrates across the porous/gel material increases the quantity of accessible active sites in the photocatalytic material. The formation of nanophotocatalytic materials has also enabled the formation of functional nanoparticles that can be used in different conditions traditionally inaccessible to bulk catalysts. Specifically, aqueous compatible nanophotocatalytic materials have been reported, enabling greener reaction conditions and new applications of photocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Heuer
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Calum T J Ferguson
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany.
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