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Hendeniya N, Chittick C, Hillery K, Abtahi S, Mosher C, Chang B. Revealing the Kinetic Phase Behavior of Block Copolymer Complexes Using Solvent Vapor Absorption-Desorption Isotherms. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:18144-18153. [PMID: 38530201 PMCID: PMC11009910 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c00076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Controlling the self-assembled morphologies in block copolymers heavily depends on their molecular architecture and processing conditions. Solvent vapor annealing is a versatile processive pathway to obtain highly periodic self-assemblies from high chi (χ) block copolymers (BCPs) and supramolecular BCP complexes. Despite the importance of navigating the energy landscape, controlled solvent vapor annealing (SVA) has not been investigated in BCP complexes, partly due to its intricate multicomponent nature. We introduce characteristic absorption-desorption solvent vapor isotherms as an effective way to understand swelling behavior and follow the morphological evolution of the polystyrene-block-poly(4-vinylpyridine) block copolymer complexed with pentadecylphenol (PS-b-P4VP(PDP)). Using the sorption isotherms, we identify the glass transition points, polymer-solvent interaction parameters, and bulk modulus. These parameters indicate that complexation completely screens the polymer interchain interactions. Furthermore, we established that the sorption isotherm of the homopolymer blocks serves to deconvolute the intricacy of BCP complexes. We applied our findings by developing annealing pathways for grain coarsening while preventing macroscopic film dewetting under SVA. Here, grain coarsening obeyed a power law and the growth exponent revealed a kinetic transition point for rapid self-assembly. Overall, SVA-based sorption isotherms have emerged as a critical method for understanding and developing annealing pathways for BCP complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayanathara Hendeniya
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Iowa
State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Caden Chittick
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Iowa
State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Kaitlyn Hillery
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Iowa
State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Shaghayegh Abtahi
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Iowa
State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Curtis Mosher
- Roy
J. Carver High-Resolution Microscopy Facility, Office of Biotechnology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Boyce Chang
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Iowa
State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
- Micro-Electronics
Research Center, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
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Shao W, Liu LZ, Wang Y, Wang Y, Shi Y, Song L. Investigation of Crystallization, Morphology, and Mechanical Properties of Polypropylene/Polypropylene-Polyethylene Block Copolymer Blends. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4680. [PMID: 38139931 PMCID: PMC10748373 DOI: 10.3390/polym15244680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyethylene (PE)-based elastomers are the ideal choice for enhancing the compatibility of polypropylene/polyethylene (PP/PE) blends and improving the mechanical properties of PP-based materials. However, the issue of blend systems lies in the interplay between the crystallization processes. Therefore, we investigated the crystallization behavior during the cooling process of a new generation of PP/PE block copolymers (PP-b-PE) and random polypropylene (PPR, a copolymer of propylene and a small amount of ethylene or an alpha-olefin) blends using in-situ X-ray diffraction/scattering and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) techniques. We also conducted mechanical performance tests on PPR/PP-b-PE blends at room temperature and low temperature (-5 °C). The results indicate that during the cooling process, the PP phase of PP-b-PE will follow the PPR to crystallize in advance and form a eutectic mixture, thereby enhancing the compatibility of PP/PE. Moreover, the PPR/PP-b-PE blend will form stable β-(300) crystals with excellent mechanical properties. Due to the improved compatibility of PP/PE with PP-b-PE, PE crystals are dispersed within PP crystals, providing bonding that improves the toughness of PPR under the low stiffness failure conditions of PPR/PP-b-PE blends, thereby enhancing their impact performance at low and room temperatures. This research has great significance for both recycling waste plastics and enhancing the low-temperature toughness of PPR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Shao
- Advanced Manufacturing Institute of Polymer Industry, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China; (W.S.); (L.-Z.L.); (Y.W.); (L.S.)
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang 110870, China
| | - Li-Zhi Liu
- Advanced Manufacturing Institute of Polymer Industry, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China; (W.S.); (L.-Z.L.); (Y.W.); (L.S.)
| | - Ying Wang
- Advanced Manufacturing Institute of Polymer Industry, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China; (W.S.); (L.-Z.L.); (Y.W.); (L.S.)
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang 110870, China
| | - Yuanxia Wang
- Advanced Manufacturing Institute of Polymer Industry, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China; (W.S.); (L.-Z.L.); (Y.W.); (L.S.)
| | - Ying Shi
- Advanced Manufacturing Institute of Polymer Industry, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China; (W.S.); (L.-Z.L.); (Y.W.); (L.S.)
- Dongguan HAILI Chemical Material Co., Ltd., Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Lixin Song
- Advanced Manufacturing Institute of Polymer Industry, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China; (W.S.); (L.-Z.L.); (Y.W.); (L.S.)
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Kazaryan PS, Gritsevich DK, Gallyamov MO, Pestrikova AA, Gulin AA, Kirianova AV, Kondratenko MS. Dependence of Slippery and Elastic Properties of Thin Polymer Films on the Grafted Flexible Sidechain Amount. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:7029-7045. [PMID: 37167610 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c00238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
In modern life, people face a wide number of sticky problems when adhesion is highly undesirable: water and dirt stick to clothes, useful materials stick to the walls of their containers and cannot be fully used, water sticking and freezing on airplane wings affects handling and can be dangerous, biological liquids can stick and form clots inside medical devices threatening patients' lives, etc. Slippery liquid-infused porous surfaces (SLIPSs) with pressure stable omniphobicity could help to solve these issues. Lubricant depletion from porous surface and subsequent degradation of omniphobic properties is the major problem for SLIPS. It could be resolved by attaching flexible, liquid-like sidechains to the polymer matrix. Understanding the relationship between the structure of such polymer films and wetting effects is therefore of great importance. The present work is devoted to the study of droplet pinning on crosslinked polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) polymer films with varied amounts of attached flexible PDMS sidechains and clarification of the relationship between slippery and viscoelastic properties of the films. An one-stage approach to the synthesis of such slippery coatings on smooth and porous substrates in "eco-friendly" pressurized CO2 solutions is proposed. Pinning force and Young's modulus (E) of the films on silicon substrates with variation of the grafted sidechains amount (x) are measured. The non-monotonic dependence of the pinning force on the amount of sidechains is obtained: the pinning force decreases at small x values (region I) and starts to increase at higher x (region II). The effects of the grafted sidechains amount, as well as matrix softening, are discussed for each case. It is demonstrated that the proposed method of film synthesis allows one to obtain thin, uniform coatings on fabrics without gluing the fibers. Such coatings with an optimal amount of PDMS sidechains demonstrate decreased sliding angles for droplets of water and aqueous alcohol solutions, as compared to PDMS coatings without grafted sidechains. The proposed technique may be of interest for deposition of coatings on porous surfaces having a complex morphology, such as textiles, aerogels, porous electrodes, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polina S Kazaryan
- Faculty of Physics, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-2, Moscow 119992, Russian Federation
- N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova 28, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Daniil K Gritsevich
- Faculty of Physics, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-2, Moscow 119992, Russian Federation
| | - Marat O Gallyamov
- Faculty of Physics, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-2, Moscow 119992, Russian Federation
- N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova 28, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Anastasiya A Pestrikova
- N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova 28, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander A Gulin
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kosygina 4, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Alina V Kirianova
- Faculty of Chemistry, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-2, Moscow 119992, Russian Federation
| | - Mikhail S Kondratenko
- Faculty of Physics, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-2, Moscow 119992, Russian Federation
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Missale E, Frasconi M, Pantano MF. Ultrathin organic membranes: Can they sustain the quest for mechanically robust device applications? iScience 2023; 26:105924. [PMID: 36866039 PMCID: PMC9971879 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.105924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ultrathin polymeric films have recently attracted tremendous interest as functional components of coatings, separation membranes, and sensors, with applications spanning from environment-related processes to soft robotics and wearable devices. In order to support the development of robust devices with advanced performances, it is necessary to achieve a deep comprehension of the mechanical properties of ultrathin polymeric films, which can be significantly affected by confinement effects at the nanoscale. In this review paper, we collect the most recent advances in the development of ultrathin organic membranes with emphasis on the relationship between their structure and mechanical properties. We provide the reader with a critical overview of the main approaches for the preparation of ultrathin polymeric films, the methodologies for the investigation of their mechanical properties, and models to understand the primary effects that impact their mechanical response, followed by a discussion on the current trends for designing mechanically robust organic membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Missale
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, Via Mesiano 77, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Marco Frasconi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Corresponding author
| | - Maria F. Pantano
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, Via Mesiano 77, 38123 Trento, Italy
- Corresponding author
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Saito M, Ito K, Yokoyama H. Film thickness and strain rate dependences of the mechanical properties of polystyrene-b-polyisoprene-b-polystyrene block copolymer ultrathin films forming a spherical domain. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Yandrapalli N, Antonietti M. Dewetting-Assisted Interface Templating: Complex Emulsions to Multicavity Particles. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2203265. [PMID: 35961950 PMCID: PMC9561762 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202203265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Interfacial tension-driven formation of intricate microparticle geometries from complex emulsions is presented in this work. Emulsion-templating is a reliable platform for the generation of a diverse set of microparticles. Here, water-in-styrene-in-water complex emulsions undergo reproducible metamorphosis, i.e., from liquid state emulsions to solid structured microparticles are employed. In contrast to the traditional usage of glass-based microfluidics, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) swelling behavior is employed to generate complex emulsions with multiple inner cores. In the presence of block copolymer surfactant, these emulsions undergo gravity-driven dewetting of styrene, to transform into membranous structures with compartments. Further polymerization of styrene skeletal remains resulted in microparticles with interesting geometries and intact membranes. Mechanical and confocal microscopic studies prove the absence of polystyrene within these membranes. Using osmotic pressure, membrane rupture and release of encapsulated gold nanoparticles from such polymerized emulsions leading up to applications in cargo delivery and membrane transport are promoted. Even after membrane rupture, the structured microparticles have shown interesting light-scattering behavior for applications in structural coloring and biosensing. Thereby, proving PDMS-based swelling as a potential methodology for reproducible production of complex emulsions with a potential to be transformed into membranous emulsions or solid microparticles with intricate structures and multiple applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naresh Yandrapalli
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and InterfacesDepartment of Colloid ChemistryAm Mühlenberg 114476PotsdamGermany
| | - Markus Antonietti
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and InterfacesDepartment of Colloid ChemistryAm Mühlenberg 114476PotsdamGermany
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McIntee OM, Welch BC, Greenberg AR, George SM, Bright VM. Elastic modulus of polyamide thin films formed by molecular layer deposition. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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