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Krause DT, Krämer S, Siozios V, Butzelaar AJ, Dulle M, Förster B, Theato P, Mayer J, Winter M, Förster S, Wiemhöfer HD, Grünebaum M. Improved Route to Linear Triblock Copolymers by Coupling with Glycidyl Ether-Activated Poly(ethylene oxide) Chains. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15092128. [PMID: 37177276 PMCID: PMC10180747 DOI: 10.3390/polym15092128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly(ethylene oxide) block copolymers (PEOz BCP) have been demonstrated to exhibit remarkably high lithium ion (Li+) conductivity for Li+ batteries applications. For linear poly(isoprene)-b-poly(styrene)-b-poly(ethylene oxide) triblock copolymers (PIxPSyPEOz), a pronounced maximum ion conductivity was reported for short PEOz molecular weights around 2 kg mol-1. To later enable a systematic exploration of the influence of the PIx and PSy block lengths and related morphologies on the ion conductivity, a synthetic method is needed where the short PEOz block length can be kept constant, while the PIx and PSy block lengths could be systematically and independently varied. Here, we introduce a glycidyl ether route that allows covalent attachment of pre-synthesized glycidyl-end functionalized PEOz chains to terminate PIxPSy BCPs. The attachment proceeds to full conversion in a simplified and reproducible one-pot polymerization such that PIxPSyPEOz with narrow chain length distribution and a fixed PEOz block length of z = 1.9 kg mol-1 and a Đ = 1.03 are obtained. The successful quantitative end group modification of the PEOz block was verified by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). We demonstrate further that with a controlled casting process, ordered microphases with macroscopic long-range directional order can be fabricated, as demonstrated by small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). It has already been shown in a patent, published by us, that BCPs from the synthesis method presented here exhibit comparable or even higher ionic conductivities than those previously published. Therefore, this PEOz BCP system is ideally suitable to relate BCP morphology, order and orientation to macroscopic Li+ conductivity in Li+ batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel T Krause
- Helmholtz Institute Münster, IEK-12, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Corrensstr. 46, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Susanna Krämer
- Helmholtz Institute Münster, IEK-12, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Corrensstr. 46, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Vassilios Siozios
- MEET Battery Research Center, University of Münster, Corrensstr. 46, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Andreas J Butzelaar
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP), Engesserstraße 18, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Martin Dulle
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science (JCNS-1/IBI-8), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Beate Förster
- Ernst Ruska-Centre for Microscopy and Spectroscopy with Electrons, Physics of Nanoscale Systems (ER-C-1), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Patrick Theato
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP), Engesserstraße 18, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Soft Matter Synthesis Laboratory, Institute for Biological Interfaces 3 (IBG-3), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Herrmann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Joachim Mayer
- Ernst Ruska-Centre for Microscopy and Spectroscopy with Electrons, Materials Science and Technology (ER-C-2), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, Jülich 52425, Germany
- Jülich-Aachen Research Alliance, JARA, Fundamentals of Future Information Technology, Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Martin Winter
- Helmholtz Institute Münster, IEK-12, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Corrensstr. 46, 48149 Münster, Germany
- MEET Battery Research Center, University of Münster, Corrensstr. 46, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Stephan Förster
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science (JCNS-1/IBI-8), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Hans-Dieter Wiemhöfer
- Helmholtz Institute Münster, IEK-12, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Corrensstr. 46, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Mariano Grünebaum
- Helmholtz Institute Münster, IEK-12, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Corrensstr. 46, 48149 Münster, Germany
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Zhang ZK, Ding SP, Ye Z, Xia DL, Xu JT. PEO-Based Block Copolymer Electrolytes Containing Double Conductive Phases with Improved Mechanical and Electrochemical Properties. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:7930. [PMID: 36431415 PMCID: PMC9699265 DOI: 10.3390/ma15227930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the advanced all solid-state block copolymer electrolytes (SBCPEs) for lithium-ion batteries with double conductive phases, poly(ethylene oxide)-b-poly(trimethyl-N-((2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate)-7-propyl)-ammonium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide) (PEO-b-PDM-dTFSI)/LiTFSI, were fabricated, in which the charged PDM-dTFSI block contained double quaternary ammonium cations and the PEO block was doped with LiTFSI. The disordered (DIS) and ordered lamellae (LAM) phase structures were achieved by adjusting the composition of the block copolymer and the doping ratio r. In addition, the presence of the hard PDM-dTFSI block and the formation of the LAM phase structure resulted in a good mechanical strength of the solid PEO-b-PDM-dTFSI/LiTFSI electrolyte, and it could maintain a high level of 104 Pa at 100 °C, which was around 10,000 times stronger than that of the PEO/LiTFSI electrolyte. Based on the good mechanical and electrochemical properties, the PEO-b-PDM-dTFSI/LiTFSI SBCPE exhibited excellent long-term galvanostatic cycle performance, indicating the strong ability to suppress lithium dendrites.
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