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Liu J, Miao P, Leng X, Che J, Wei Z, Li Y. Chemically Recyclable Biobased Non-Isocyanate Polyurethane Networks from CO 2 -Derived Six-membered Cyclic Carbonates. Macromol Rapid Commun 2023; 44:e2300263. [PMID: 37435986 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202300263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Non-isocyanate polyurethanes (NIPUs) are widely studied as sustainability potential, because they can be prepared without using toxic isocyanates in the synthesis process. The aminolysis of cyclic carbonate to form NIPUs is a promising route. In this work, a series of NIPUs is prepared from renewable bis(6-membered cyclic carbonates) (iEbcc) and amines. The resulting NIPUs possess excellent mechanical properties and thermal stability. The NIPUs can be remolded via transcarbamoylation reactions, and iEbcc-TAEA-10 (the molar ratio of tris(2-aminoethyl)amine in amines is 10%) still get a recovery ratio of 90% in tensile stress after three cycles of remolding. In addition, the obtained materials can be chemically degraded into bi(1,3-diol) precursors with high purity (>99%) and yield (>90%) through alcoholysis. Meanwhile, the degraded products can be used to regenerate NIPUs with similar structures and properties as the original samples. The synthetic strategy, isocyanate-free and employing isoeugenol and carbon dioxide (CO2 ) as building blocks, makes this approach an attractive pathway to NIPU networks taking a step toward a circular economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Liaoning key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Pengcheng Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Liaoning key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Xuefei Leng
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Liaoning key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Jian Che
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Liaoning key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
- Dalian Xinyulong Marine Biological Seed Technology Co., Ltd., Dalian, 116222, China
| | - Zhiyong Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Liaoning key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Liaoning key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
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Hu Z, Hu F, Deng L, Yang Y, Xie Q, Gao Z, Pan C, Jin Y, Tang J, Yu G, Zhang W. Reprocessible Triketoenamine-Based Vitrimers with Closed-Loop Recyclability. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202306039. [PMID: 37314932 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202306039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Development of thermosets that can be repeatedly recycled via both chemical route (closed-loop) and thermo-mechanical process is attractive and remains an imperative task. In this work, we reported a triketoenamine based dynamic covalent network derived from 2,4,6-triformylphloroglucinol and secondary amines. The resulting triketoenamine based network does not have intramolecular hydrogen bonds, thus reducing its π-electron delocalization, lowering the stability of the tautomer structure, and enabling its dynamic feature. By virtue of the highly reversible bond exchange, this novel dynamic covalent bond enables the easy construction of highly crosslinked and chemically reprocessable networks from commercially available monomers. The as-made polymer monoliths exhibit high mechanical properties (tensile strength of 79.4 MPa and Young's modulus of 571.4 MPa) and can undergo a monomer-network-monomer (yields up to 90 %) recycling mediated by an aqueous solution, with the new-generation polymer capable of restoring the material strength to its original state. In addition, owing to its dynamic nature, a catalyst-free and low-temperature reprogrammable covalent adaptable network (vitrimer) was achieved. The design concept reported herein can be applied to the development of other novel vitrimers with high repressibility and recyclability, and sheds light on future design of sustainable polymers with minimal environmental impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyou Hu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Fan Hu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Lifeng Deng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Yumin Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Qiujian Xie
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Zhu Gao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Chunyue Pan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Yinghua Jin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Juntao Tang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Guipeng Yu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
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Yan T, Balzer AH, Herbert KM, Epps TH, Korley LTJ. Circularity in polymers: addressing performance and sustainability challenges using dynamic covalent chemistries. Chem Sci 2023; 14:5243-5265. [PMID: 37234906 PMCID: PMC10208058 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc00551h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The circularity of current and future polymeric materials is a major focus of fundamental and applied research, as undesirable end-of-life outcomes and waste accumulation are global problems that impact our society. The recycling or repurposing of thermoplastics and thermosets is an attractive solution to these issues, yet both options are encumbered by poor property retention upon reuse, along with heterogeneities in common waste streams that limit property optimization. Dynamic covalent chemistry, when applied to polymeric materials, enables the targeted design of reversible bonds that can be tailored to specific reprocessing conditions to help address conventional recycling challenges. In this review, we highlight the key features of several dynamic covalent chemistries that can promote closed-loop recyclability and we discuss recent synthetic progress towards incorporating these chemistries into new polymers and existing commodity plastics. Next, we outline how dynamic covalent bonds and polymer network structure influence thermomechanical properties related to application and recyclability, with a focus on predictive physical models that describe network rearrangement. Finally, we examine the potential economic and environmental impacts of dynamic covalent polymeric materials in closed-loop processing using elements derived from techno-economic analysis and life-cycle assessment, including minimum selling prices and greenhouse gas emissions. Throughout each section, we discuss interdisciplinary obstacles that hinder the widespread adoption of dynamic polymers and present opportunities and new directions toward the realization of circularity in polymeric materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianwei Yan
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware Newark 19716 Delaware USA
- Center for Plastics Innovation (CPI), University of Delaware Newark 19716 Delaware USA
| | - Alex H Balzer
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware Newark 19716 Delaware USA
- Center for Plastics Innovation (CPI), University of Delaware Newark 19716 Delaware USA
| | - Katie M Herbert
- Center for Plastics Innovation (CPI), University of Delaware Newark 19716 Delaware USA
| | - Thomas H Epps
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware Newark 19716 Delaware USA
- Center for Plastics Innovation (CPI), University of Delaware Newark 19716 Delaware USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware Newark 19716 Delaware USA
- Center for Research in Soft matter and Polymers (CRiSP), University of Delaware Newark 19716 Delaware USA
| | - LaShanda T J Korley
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware Newark 19716 Delaware USA
- Center for Plastics Innovation (CPI), University of Delaware Newark 19716 Delaware USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware Newark 19716 Delaware USA
- Center for Research in Soft matter and Polymers (CRiSP), University of Delaware Newark 19716 Delaware USA
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Miao P, Jiao Z, Liu J, He M, Song G, Wei Z, Leng X, Li Y. Mechanically Robust and Chemically Recyclable Polyhydroxyurethanes from CO 2-Derived Six-Membered Cyclic Carbonates. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:2246-2255. [PMID: 36563296 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c19251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In the current context of sustainable chemistry development and new regulations, aminolysis of cyclic carbonate is one of the most promising routes to nonisocyanate polyurethanes, also called polyhydroxyurethanes (PHU). In this study, a new kind of shape memory PHU vitrimers with outstanding mechanical properties and chemical recyclability is prepared. The monomer employed for aminolysis to form the PHUs is bis(six-membered cyclic carbonate) of 4,4'-biphenol (BCC-BP), which is synthesized by bi(1,3-diol) precursors and CO2. The synthetic strategy, isocyanate-free and employing CO2 as a building block, is environmentally friendly and suits the concept of carbon neutrality. The thermal properties, mechanical properties, and dynamic behaviors of the PHUs are explored. The maximum breaking strength and elongation at break of the resultant PHUs reach 65 MPa and 452%, respectively, exceeding other reported PHU-based materials in combined performance. Such a PHU material can also lift up a load 4700 times heavier than its own weight by a shape recovery process. Finally, the bi(1,3-diol) can be regenerated through the alcoholysis of PHUs to realize chemical recycling. This work provides a feasibility study for a green synthetic approach and for designing a novel PHU material with outstanding properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian116024, China
| | - Ziyue Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian116024, China
| | - Jie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian116024, China
| | - Maomao He
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian116024, China
| | - Guanjun Song
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian116024, China
| | - Zhiyong Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian116024, China
| | - Xuefei Leng
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian116024, China
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian116024, China
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5
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Chen F, Gao F, Guo X, Shen L, Lin Y. Tuning the Dynamics of Enamine-One-Based Vitrimers through Substituent Modulation of Secondary Amine Substrates. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fengbiao Chen
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Waterborne Coating, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Science &Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi330013, P. R. China
| | - Fei Gao
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Waterborne Coating, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Science &Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi330013, P. R. China
| | - Xinru Guo
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Waterborne Coating, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Science &Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi330013, P. R. China
| | - Liang Shen
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Waterborne Coating, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Science &Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi330013, P. R. China
| | - Yangju Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California94305, United States
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