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Sun C, Ma X, Ni L, Ding M, Xia J, Zheng Y, Yu C, Wang B, Pan P. Hexagonal Phase Formation and Crystalline Structural Transition in Long-Spaced Aliphatic Polyesters with Side Groups. ACS Macro Lett 2023; 12:1324-1330. [PMID: 37713680 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.3c00402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Side substitution is an effective method for the chemical modification and functionalization of linear polyesters. The presence of side groups can have a profound effect on the crystalline structure and phase transition of semicrystalline polyesters. Herein, we synthesized the long-spaced polyesters with -OH and -CH3 side groups and various methylene segment lengths and studied the effects of the side groups on the crystal polymorph and phase transition of substituted polyesters. The substituted polyesters grow in the thermally stable phase (form I) at a higher temperature. However, the polyesters crystallize in a metastable hexagonal phase (form II) with trans chain conformation at a lower temperature. The metastable form II transforms into the more stable form I during long-time annealing or upon heating; this phase transition is accompanied by chain tilting and crystal lamellar thickening. This study has elucidated the critical role of side groups in the polymorphic crystallization and phase transition of linear polyesters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxuan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xuekuan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lingling Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Mengru Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jianfei Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ying Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Institute of Zhejiang University-Quzhou, 99 Zheda Road, Quzhou 324000, China
| | - Chengtao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Institute of Zhejiang University-Quzhou, 99 Zheda Road, Quzhou 324000, China
| | - Bao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Institute of Zhejiang University-Quzhou, 99 Zheda Road, Quzhou 324000, China
| | - Pengju Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Institute of Zhejiang University-Quzhou, 99 Zheda Road, Quzhou 324000, China
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Stolberg MA, Paren BA, Leon PA, Brown CM, Winter G, Gordiz K, Concellón A, Gómez-Bombarelli R, Shao-Horn Y, Johnson JA. Lamellar Ionenes with Highly Dissociative, Anionic Channels Provide Lower Barriers for Cation Transport. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:16200-16209. [PMID: 37459594 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c05053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Solid polymer electrolytes have the potential to enable safer and more energy-dense batteries; however, a deeper understanding of their ion conduction mechanisms, and how they can be optimized by molecular design, is needed to realize this goal. Here, we investigate the impact of anion dissociation energy on ion conduction in solid polymer electrolytes via a novel class of ionenes prepared using acyclic diene metathesis (ADMET) polymerization of highly dissociative, liquid crystalline fluorinated aryl sulfonimide-tagged ("FAST") anion monomers. These ionenes with various cations (Li+, Na+, K+, and Cs+) form well-ordered lamellae that are thermally stable up to 180 °C and feature domain spacings that correlate with cation size, providing channels lined with dissociative FAST anions. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) experiments, along with nudged elastic band (NEB) calculations, suggest that cation motion in these materials operates via an ion-hopping mechanism. The activation energy for Li+ conduction is 59 kJ/mol, which is among the lowest for systems that are proposed to operate via an ion conduction mechanism that is decoupled from polymer segmental motion. Moreover, the addition of a cation-coordinating solvent to these materials led to a >1000-fold increase in ionic conductivity without detectable disruption of the lamellar structure, suggesting selective solvation of the lamellar ion channels. This work demonstrates that molecular design can facilitate controlled formation of dissociative anionic channels that translate to significant enhancements in ion conduction in solid polymer electrolytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Stolberg
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Benjamin A Paren
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Pablo A Leon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Christopher M Brown
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Gavin Winter
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Kiarash Gordiz
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Alberto Concellón
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Rafael Gómez-Bombarelli
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Yang Shao-Horn
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jeremiah A Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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Phase Behavior and Ionic Conductivity of Blended, Ion-Condensed Electrolytes with Ordered Morphologies. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12136529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the amphiphilic salt lithium trifluoromethanesulfonylimide octadecane (C18LiTFSI) was used as a basis to investigate the effects of anion density and cation coordination sites within blended electrolytes with strong ionic aggregation. C18LiTFSI was previously reported as a single-component, ion-condensed electrolyte with a wide layered liquid crystalline phase regime. Three additive molecules with varyingly sized polar sulfonyl groups attached to an octodecane-tail were synthesized and mixed with C18LiTFSI. The thermal properties, morphology, and ionic conductivity of the blended electrolytes were characterized. It was found that the blended electrolytes exhibited layered liquid crystalline morphology over a narrower temperature range than the pure salt, and the ionic conductivity of the blended liquid crystalline electrolytes were generally lower than that of the pure salt. Surprising, the additives were found to have the greatest effect on the bulk ionic conductivity of the semicrystalline phase of the electrolytes. Addition of minor fractions of methylsulfonyloctadecane to C18LiTFSI resulted in increases in conductivity of over two orders of magnitude at room temperature, while addition of ethylsulfonyloctadecane or isopropylsulfonyloctadecane with the larger head group resulted in decreased ionic conductivity over the entire composition space and temperature range investigated.
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