1
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Xie R, Wang Y, Li S, Li B, Xu J, Liu J, He Y, Yang GW, Wu GP. Insights into the Distinct Behaviors between Bifunctional and Binary Organoborane Catalysts through Terpolymerization of Epoxide, CO 2, and Anhydride. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202404207. [PMID: 38647637 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202404207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Alkyl borane compounds-mediated polymerizations have expanded to Lewis pair polymerization, free radical polymerization, ionic ring-opening polymerization, and polyhomologation. The bifunctional organoborane catalysts that contain the Lewis acid and ammonium or phosphonium salt in one molecule have demonstrated superior catalytic performance for ring-opening polymerization of epoxides and ring-opening copolymerization of epoxides and CO2 than their two-component analogues, i.e., the blend of organoborane and ammonium or phosphonium salt. To explore the origin of the differences of the one-component and two-component organoborane catalysts, here we conducted a systematic investigation on the catalytic performances of these two kinds of organoborane catalysts via terpolymerization of epoxide, carbon dioxide and anhydride. The resultant terpolymers produced independently by bifunctional and binary organoborane catalyst exhibited distinct microstructures, where a series of gradient polyester-polycarbonate terpolymers with varying polyester content were afforded using the bifunctional catalyst, while tapering diblock terpolymers were obtained using the binary system. The bifunctional catalyst enhances the competitiveness of CO2 insertion than anhydride, which leads to the premature incorporation of CO2 into the polymer chains and ultimately results in the formation of gradient terpolymers. DFT calculations revealed the role of electrostatic interaction and charge distribution caused by intramolecular synergistic effect for bifunctional organoborane catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Xie
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials & Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Yuhui Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials & Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Shuai Li
- College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Bo Li
- College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Jie Xu
- Shaanxi Coal Chemical Industry Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Xi'an, 710100, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Jinqian Liu
- Shaanxi Coal Chemical Industry Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Xi'an, 710100, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Yuchen He
- Shaanxi Coal Chemical Industry Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Xi'an, 710100, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Guan-Wen Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials & Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Guang-Peng Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials & Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, Zhejiang, P. R. China
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2
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Cheng-Tan MDL, Nguyen AN, Gordon CT, Wood ZA, Manjarrez Y, Fieser ME. Choline Halide-Based Deep Eutectic Solvents as Biocompatible Catalysts for the Alternating Copolymerization of Epoxides and Cyclic Anhydrides. ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING 2024; 12:7246-7255. [PMID: 38757124 PMCID: PMC11094800 DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.3c06766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Aliphatic polyesters have received considerable attention in recent years due to their biodegradability and biocompatible, mechanical, and thermal properties that can make them a suitable alternative to today's commercialized polymers. The ring-opening copolymerization (ROCOP) of epoxides and cyclic anhydrides is a route to synthesize a diverse array of polyesters that could be useful in many applications. However, the catalysts used rarely consider biocompatible catalysts in the case that any are left in the polymer. To the best of our knowledge, we report the first example of using deep eutectic solvents (DESs) as biocompatible catalysts for this target ROCOP with polymerization activity for at least six diverse monomer pairs. Choline halide salts are active for this polymerization, with dried salts showing polymerization slower than that of those conducted in air. Hydrogen bonding with water is hypothesized to enhance the rate-determining step of epoxide ring opening. While the presence of water improves the rate of polymerization, it also acts as a chain transfer agent, leading to smaller molar mass polymers than intended. Combining the choline halide salts with urea or ethylene glycol hydrogen bond donors in air led to DES catalysts that reacted similarly to the salts exposed to air. However, when generating these DESs in air-free conditions, they showed similar rates of polymerization without a drop in polymer molar mass. The hydrogen bonding provided by urea and ethylene glycol seems to promote the rate increase without serving as a chain transfer agent. Results reported herein display the promising potential of biocompatible catalyst systems for this ROCOP process as well as introducing the use of hydrogen bonding to enhance polymerization rates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Angelyn N. Nguyen
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Collette T. Gordon
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Zachary A. Wood
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Yvonne Manjarrez
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Megan E. Fieser
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
- Wrigley
Institute for Environment and Sustainability, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
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3
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Zhang YY, Yang GW, Lu C, Zhu XF, Wang Y, Wu GP. Organoboron-mediated polymerizations. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:3384-3456. [PMID: 38411207 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00115f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
The scientific community has witnessed extensive developments and applications of organoboron compounds as synthetic elements and metal-free catalysts for the construction of small molecules, macromolecules, and functional materials over the last two decades. This review highlights the achievements of organoboron-mediated polymerizations in the past several decades alongside the mechanisms underlying these transformations from the standpoint of the polymerization mode. Emphasis is placed on free radical polymerization, Lewis pair polymerization, ionic (cationic and anionic) polymerization, and polyhomologation. Herein, alkylborane/O2 initiating systems mediate the radical polymerization under ambient conditions in a controlled/living manner by careful optimization of the alkylborane structure or additives; when combined with Lewis bases, the selected organoboron compounds can mediate the Lewis pair polymerization of polar monomers; the bicomponent organoboron-based Lewis pairs and bifunctional organoboron-onium catalysts catalyze ring opening (co)polymerization of cyclic monomers (with heteroallenes, such as epoxides, CO2, CO, COS, CS2, episulfides, anhydrides, and isocyanates) with well-defined structures and high reactivities; and organoboranes initiate the polyhomologation of sulfur ylides and arsonium ylides providing functional polyethylene with different topologies. The topological structures of the produced polymers via these organoboron-mediated polymerizations are also presented in this review mainly including linear polymers, block copolymers, cyclic polymers, and graft polymers. We hope the summary and understanding of how organoboron compounds mediate polymerizations can inspire chemists to apply these principles in the design of more advanced organoboron compounds, which may be beneficial for the polymer chemistry community and organometallics/organocatalysis community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Yao Zhang
- MOE Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials & Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China.
- National Engineering Laboratory for Textile Fiber Materials and Processing Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guan-Wen Yang
- MOE Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials & Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Chenjie Lu
- MOE Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials & Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China.
- College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Zhu
- MOE Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials & Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yuhui Wang
- MOE Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials & Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Guang-Peng Wu
- MOE Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials & Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China.
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Shellard EK, Diment WT, Resendiz-Lara DA, Fiorentini F, Gregory GL, Williams CK. Al(III)/K(I) Heterodinuclear Polymerization Catalysts Showing Fast Rates and High Selectivity for Polyester Polyols. ACS Catal 2024; 14:1363-1374. [PMID: 38327648 PMCID: PMC10845108 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.3c05712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Low molar mass, hydroxyl end-capped polymers, often termed "polyols," are widely used to make polyurethanes, resins, and coatings and as surfactants in liquid formulations. Epoxide/anhydride ring-opening copolymerization (ROCOP) is a controlled polymerization route to make them, and its viability depends upon catalyst selection. In the catalysis, the polyester polyol molar masses and end-groups are controlled by adding specific but excess quantities of diols (vs catalyst), known as the chain transfer agent (CTA), to the polymerizations, but many of the best current catalysts are inhibited or even deactivated by alcohols. Herein, a series of air-stable Al(III)/K(I) heterodinuclear polymerization catalysts show rates and selectivity at the upper end of the field. They also show remarkable increases in activity, with good selectivity and control, as quantities of diol are increased from 10-400 equiv. The reactions are accelerated by alcohols, and simultaneously, their use allows for the production of hydroxy telechelic poly/oligoesters (400 < Mn (g mol-1) < 20,400, Đ < 1.19). For example, cyclohexene oxide (CHO)/phthalic anhydride (PA) ROCOP, using the best Al(III)/K(I) catalyst with 200 equiv of diol, shows a turnover frequency (TOF) of 1890 h-1, which is 4.4× higher than equivalent reactions without any diol (Catalyst/Diol/PA/CHO = 1:10-400:400:2000, 100 °C). In all cases, the catalysis is well controlled and highly ester linkage selective (ester linkages >99%) and operates effectively using bicyclic and/or biobased anhydrides with bicyclic or flexible alkylene epoxides. These catalysts are recommended for future production and application development using polyester polyols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward
J. K. Shellard
- Chemistry Research Laboratory,
Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.
| | - Wilfred T. Diment
- Chemistry Research Laboratory,
Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.
| | - Diego A. Resendiz-Lara
- Chemistry Research Laboratory,
Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.
| | - Francesca Fiorentini
- Chemistry Research Laboratory,
Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.
| | - Georgina L. Gregory
- Chemistry Research Laboratory,
Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.
| | - Charlotte K. Williams
- Chemistry Research Laboratory,
Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.
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5
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Xu CK, Yang GW, Lu C, Wu GP. A Binary Silicon-Centered Organoboron Catalyst with Superior Performance to That of Its Bifunctional Analogue. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202312376. [PMID: 37847123 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202312376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
This work reported that a silicon-centered alkyl borane/ammonium salt binary (two-component) catalyst exhibits much higher activity than its bifunctional analogue (one-component) for the ring-opening polymerization of propylene oxide, showing 7.3 times the activity of its bifunctional analogue at a low catalyst loading of 0.01 mol %, and even 15.3 times the activity at an extremely low loading of 0.002 mol %. By using 19 F NMR spectroscopy, control experiments, and theoretical calculation we discovered that the central silicon atom displays appropriate electron density and a larger intramolecular cavity, which is useful to co-activate the monomer and to deliver propagating chains, thus leading to a better intramolecular synergic effect than its bifunctional analogue. A unique two-pathway initiation mode was proposed to explain the unusual high activity of the binary catalytic system. This study breaks the traditional impression of the binary Lewis acid/nucleophilic catalyst with poor activity because of the increase in entropy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Kai Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials and Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Guan-Wen Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials and Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Chenjie Lu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials and Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Guang-Peng Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials and Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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6
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Liu Y, Lu XB. Current Challenges and Perspectives in CO 2-Based Polymers. Macromolecules 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c02483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ye Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Xiao-Bing Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
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7
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Luo H, Zhou Y, Li Q, Zhang B, Cao X, Zhao J, Zhang G. Oxygenated Boron Species Generated In Situ by Protonolysis Enables Precision Synthesis of Alternating Polyesters. Macromolecules 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.3c00106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Huitong Luo
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yubo Zhou
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Qingtao Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Boru Zhang
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xiaodong Cao
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Junpeng Zhao
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Guangzhao Zhang
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
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8
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Wang X, Huo Z, Xie X, Shanaiah N, Tong R. Recent Advances in Sequence-Controlled Ring-Opening Copolymerizations of Monomer Mixtures. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202201147. [PMID: 36571563 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202201147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Transforming renewable resources into functional and degradable polymers is driven by the ever-increasing demand to replace unsustainable polyolefins. However, the utility of many degradable homopolymers remains limited due to their inferior properties compared to commodity polyolefins. Therefore, the synthesis of sequence-defined copolymers from one-pot monomer mixtures is not only conceptually appealing in chemistry, but also economically attractive by maximizing materials usage and improving polymers' performances. Among many polymerization strategies, ring-opening (co)polymerization of cyclic monomers enables efficient access to degradable polymers with high control on molecular weights and molecular weight distributions. Herein, we highlight recent advances in achieving one-pot, sequence-controlled polymerizations of cyclic monomer mixtures using a single catalytic system that combines multiple catalytic cycles. The scopes of cyclic monomers, catalysts, and polymerization mechanisms are presented for this type of sequence-controlled ring-opening copolymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 635 Prices Fork Road, 24061, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Ziyu Huo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 635 Prices Fork Road, 24061, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Xiaoyu Xie
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 635 Prices Fork Road, 24061, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Narasimhamurthy Shanaiah
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1040 Drillfield Drive, 24061, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Rong Tong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 635 Prices Fork Road, 24061, Blacksburg, VA, USA
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9
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Chen C, Gnanou Y, Feng X. Ultra-Productive Upcycling CO 2 into Polycarbonate Polyols via Borinane-Based Bifunctional Organocatalysts. Macromolecules 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c02243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Chen
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yves Gnanou
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xiaoshuang Feng
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
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10
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Zhang C, Geng X, Zhang X, Gnanou Y, Feng X. Alkyl Borane-Mediated Metal-Free Ring-Opening (Co)Polymerizations of Oxygenated Monomers. Prog Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2022.101644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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11
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Chen C, Gnanou Y, Feng X. Borinane Boosted Bifunctional Organocatalysts for Ultrafast Ring-Opening Polymerization of Cyclic Ethers. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c02078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Chen
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yves Gnanou
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xiaoshuang Feng
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
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12
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Sengoden M, Bhat GA, Darensbourg DJ. Bifunctional organoboron-phosphonium catalysts for coupling reactions of CO 2 and epoxides. RSC Adv 2022; 12:32440-32447. [PMID: 36425720 PMCID: PMC9661183 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra06358a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent years have witnessed intensive research activity in exploring novel metal-free organocatalysts for catalyzing the coupling reactions of CO2 and epoxides to afford cyclic or polymeric carbonates. In this direction, herein we report a series of boron-phosphonium organocatalysts for catalyzing the coupling reactions of CO2 and epoxides. These organophosphonium catalysts were synthesized in high yields by following a two step protocol involving Menschutkin and hydroboration reactions in succession. The purity of these organocatalysts was confirmed by spectroscopic techniques like 1H, 13C and 31P NMR, and molecular structures were confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffraction studies. We have also demonstrated that these bifunctional organoboron-phosphonium catalysts are comparatively much less hygroscopic compared to the analogus ammonium catalysts. These phosphonium organocatalysts were shown to catalyze the copolymerization of CO2 and cyclohexene oxide or vinyl cyclohexene oxide to provide polycarbonates with >99% polymer selectivity and carbonate linkages. The coupling reactions of aliphatic epoxides such as PO, having lower energy barrier to cycloaddition formation compared to alicyclic epoxides, preferentially provided cyclic carbonates in good yields. It was demonstrated that these organoboron-phosphonium catalysts are sensitive to chain transfer agents like water, and hence are deactivated in its presence. This is opposite to what is observed for metal based catalysts for these transformations, where water serves as a precursor to the chain-transfer agent diols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mani Sengoden
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station Texas 77843 USA
| | - Gulzar A Bhat
- Centre for Interdiciplinary Research and Innovations, University of Kashmir Srinagar Jammu and Kashmir 190006 India
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13
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Zhang YY, Yang GW, Xie R, Zhu XF, Wu GP. Sequence-Reversible Construction of Oxygen-Rich Block Copolymers from Epoxide Mixtures by Organoboron Catalysts. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:19896-19909. [PMID: 36256447 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c07857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Switchable catalysis, in combination with epoxide-involved ring-opening (co)polymerization, is a powerful technique that can be used to synthesize various oxygen-rich block copolymers. Despite intense research in this field, the sequence-controlled polymerization from epoxide congeners has never been realized due to their similar ring-strain which exerts a decisive influence on the reaction process. Recently, quaternary ammonium (or phosphonium)-containing bifunctional organoboron catalysts have been developed by our group, showing high efficiency for various epoxide conversions. Herein, we, for the first time, report an operationally simple pathway to access well-defined polyether-block-polycarbonate copolymers from mixtures of epoxides by switchable catalysis, which was enabled through thermodynamically and kinetically preferential ring-opening of terminal epoxides or internal epoxides under different atmospheres (CO2 or N2) using one representative bifunctional organoboron catalyst. This strategy shows a broad substrate scope as it is suitable for various combinations of terminal epoxides and internal epoxides, delivering corresponding well-defined block copolymers. NMR, MALDI-TOF, and gel permeation chromatography analyses confirmed the successful construction of polyether-block-polycarbonate copolymers. Kinetic studies and density functional theory calculations elucidate the reversible selectivity between different epoxides in the presence/absence of CO2. Moreover, by replacing comonomer CO2 with cyclic anhydride, the well-defined polyether-block-polyester copolymers can also be synthesized. This work provides a rare example of sequence-controlled polymerization from epoxide mixtures, broadening the arsenal of switchable catalysis that can produce oxygen-rich polymers in a controlled manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Yao Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Guan-Wen Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Rui Xie
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Zhu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Guang-Peng Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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14
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Qi H, Xie R, Yang GW, Zhang YY, Xu CK, Wang Y, Wu GP. Rational Optimization of Bifunctional Organoboron Catalysts for Versatile Polyethers via Ring-Opening Polymerization of Epoxides. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huan Qi
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310027, China
| | - Rui Xie
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310027, China
| | - Guan-Wen Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310027, China
| | - Yao-Yao Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310027, China
| | - Cheng-Kai Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310027, China
| | - Yuhui Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310027, China
| | - Guang-Peng Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310027, China
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15
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Schaefer J, Zhou H, Lee E, Lambic NS, Culcu G, Holtcamp MW, Rix FC, Lin TP. Tertiary and Quaternary Phosphonium Borane Bifunctional Catalysts for CO 2/Epoxide Copolymerization: A Mechanistic Investigation Using In Situ Raman Spectroscopy. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c03843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Schaefer
- ExxonMobil Technology and Engineering Company, Baytown, Texas77520, United States
| | - Hua Zhou
- ExxonMobil Technology and Engineering Company, Baytown, Texas77520, United States
| | - Eryn Lee
- ExxonMobil Technology and Engineering Company, Baytown, Texas77520, United States
| | - Nikola S. Lambic
- ExxonMobil Technology and Engineering Company, Baytown, Texas77520, United States
| | - Gursu Culcu
- ExxonMobil Technology and Engineering Company, Baytown, Texas77520, United States
| | - Matthew W. Holtcamp
- ExxonMobil Technology and Engineering Company, Baytown, Texas77520, United States
| | - Francis C. Rix
- ExxonMobil Technology and Engineering Company, Baytown, Texas77520, United States
| | - Tzu-Pin Lin
- ExxonMobil Technology and Engineering Company, Baytown, Texas77520, United States
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16
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Chen C, Gnanou Y, Feng X. Borinane-based organoboron catalysts for alternating copolymerization of CO 2 with cyclic ethers: improved productivity and facile recovery. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py01161a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Organoboron catalysts including an ammonium salt separated by a few carbon–carbon bonds to a boron center were designed and synthesized. Borinane-based organoboron catalysts exhibited highest activity for the copolymerization of CO2 and epoxides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Chen
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yves Gnanou
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xiaoshuang Feng
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
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