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Chen LH, Ban C, Helal MH, El-Bahy SM, Zeinhom M, Song S, Zhao YG, Lu Y. Preparation and modification of polymer microspheres, application in wastewater treatment: A review. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 366:121807. [PMID: 39025011 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.121807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
The removal of various pollutants from water is necessary due to the increasing requirements for the removal of various pollutants from wastewater and the quality of drinking water. Polymer microspheres are regarded as exemplary adsorbent materials due to their high adsorption efficiency, excellent adsorption performance, and ease of handling. Herein, the advantages and disadvantages of different preparation methods, modifications, applications and the current research status of polymer microspheres are summarized at large. Furthermore, the enhanced performance of modified composite microspheres is emphasized, including adsorption efficiency, thermal stability, and significant improvements in physical and chemical properties. Subsequently, the current applications and potential of polymeric microspheres for wastewater treatment, including the removal of inorganic and organic pollutants, heavy metal ions, and other contaminants are summarized. Finally, future research directions for polymer microspheres are proposed, outlining the challenges and solutions associated with the application of polymer microspheres in wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Hui Chen
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China; College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, 310015, China
| | - Cao Ban
- Zhejiang Institute of Geosciences, Zhejiang, 310015, China
| | - Mohamed H Helal
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science, Northern Border University, Rafha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salah M El-Bahy
- Department of Chemistry, Turabah University College, Taif University, Turabah, P.O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - M Zeinhom
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, 11884, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Shuang Song
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Yong-Gang Zhao
- College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, 310015, China.
| | - Yin Lu
- College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, 310015, China.
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Farmer MH, Musa OM, Haug I, Naumann S, Armes SP. Synthesis of Poly(propylene oxide)-Poly( N,N'-dimethylacrylamide) Diblock Copolymer Nanoparticles via Reverse Sequence Polymerization-Induced Self-Assembly in Aqueous Solution. Macromolecules 2024; 57:317-327. [PMID: 38222027 PMCID: PMC10782481 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.3c01939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Sterically-stabilized diblock copolymer nanoparticles comprising poly(propylene oxide) (PPO) cores are prepared via reverse sequence polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA) in aqueous solution. N,N'-Dimethylacrylamide (DMAC) acts as a cosolvent for the weakly hydrophobic trithiocarbonate-capped PPO precursor. Reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization of DMAC is initially conducted at 80% w/w solids with deoxygenated water. At 30-60% DMAC conversion, the reaction mixture is diluted to 5-25% w/w solids. The PPO chains become less solvated as the DMAC monomer is consumed, which drives in situ self-assembly to form aqueous dispersions of PPO-core nanoparticles of 120-190 nm diameter at 20 °C. Such RAFT polymerizations are well-controlled (Mw/Mn ≤ 1.31), and more than 99% DMAC conversion is achieved. The resulting nanoparticles exhibit thermoresponsive character: dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy studies indicate the formation of more compact spherical nanoparticles of approximately 33 nm diameter on heating to 70 °C. Furthermore, 15-25% w/w aqueous dispersions of such nanoparticles formed micellar gels that undergo thermoreversible (de)gelation on cooling to 5 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew
A. H. Farmer
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Dainton Building, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF, U.K.
| | - Osama M. Musa
- Ashland
Specialty Ingredients, 1005 US 202/206, Bridgewater, New Jersey 08807, United States
| | - Iris Haug
- Institute
of Polymer Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Stefan Naumann
- Institute
of Polymer Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Steven P. Armes
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Dainton Building, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF, U.K.
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