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Wan Q, Thompson BC. Control of Properties through Hydrogen Bonding Interactions in Conjugated Polymers. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2305356. [PMID: 37946703 PMCID: PMC10885672 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202305356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Molecular design is crucial for endowing conjugated polymers (CPs) with unique properties and enhanced electronic performance. Introducing Hydrogen-bonding (H-bonding) into CPs has been a broadly exploited, yet still emerging strategy capable of tuning a range of properties encompassing solubility, crystallinity, electronic properties, solid-state morphology, and stability, as well as mechanical properties and self-healing properties. Different H-bonding groups can be utilized to tailor CPs properties based on the applications of interest. This review provides an overview of classes of H-bonding CPs (assorted by the different H-bond functional groups), the synthetic methods to introduce the corresponding H-bond functional groups and the impact of H-bonding in CPs on corresponding electronic and materials properties. Recent advances in addressing the trade-off between electronic performance and mechanical durability are also highlighted. Furthermore, insights into future directions and prospects for H-bonded CPs are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingpei Wan
- Department of Chemistry and Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-1661, USA
| | - Barry C Thompson
- Department of Chemistry and Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-1661, USA
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2
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Zhu S, Peng J. Enhanced Solvent and Thermal Stability in Cross-Linkable Conjugated Statistical Copolymers for Organic Field-Effect Transistors. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203571. [PMID: 36478474 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The ability to enhance both the solvent and thermal stability of semiconducting π-conjugated polymers is highly desired for various device-related applications. Herein, a series of poly(3-hexylthiophene)-stat-poly[3-(6-hydroxy)hexylthiophene] (P3HT-stat-P3HHT) statistical copolymers with thermally cross-linkable hydroxyl groups is synthesized and their crystalline structures in three different states, solvent and thermal stability for use in organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) are elucidated. Importantly, these initial P3HT-stat-P3HHT thin films in their as-cast state crystallize well in an edge-on orientation. During annealing at 150 °C, these P3HT-stat-P3HHT occur cross-linked and retain edge-on orientation with increased crystallinity and ordering. In contrast, after high-temperature annealing at 300 °C, their edge-on orientation is significantly destroyed due to the cross-linking of hydroxyl groups at melted state. The correlation between different P3HT-stat-P3HHT and their charge mobilities is scrutinized. These cross-linked P3HT-stat-P3HHT exhibit good solvent resistance property and improved thermal stability in OFETs. Conceptually, such side-chain functionalization approach to improve the stability of P3HT-stat-P3HHT can be conveniently extended to other conjugated polymers for diverse optoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China
| | - Juan Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China
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Li L, Zhan H, Chen S, Zhao Q, Peng J. Interrogating the Effect of Block Sequence on Cocrystallization, Microphase Separation, and Charge Transport in All-Conjugated Triblock Copolymers. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lixin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Hao Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Shuwen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Qingqing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Juan Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
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Yin Y, Chen S, Zhu S, Li L, Zhai D, Huang D, Peng J. Tailoring Cocrystallization and Microphase Separation in Rod–Rod Block Copolymers for Field-Effect Transistors. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Shuwen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Shuyin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Lixin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Dalong Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Dongqi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Juan Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
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Chen S, Li L, Zhai D, Yin Y, Shang X, Ni B, Peng J. Cocrystallization-Promoted Charge Mobility in All-Conjugated Diblock Copolymers for High-Performance Field-Effect Transistors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:58094-58104. [PMID: 33334099 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c17671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The cocrystallization method that combines various constituents into cocrystals yields the newly formed materials with significantly enhanced charge transport properties. However, this strategy has not been greatly utilized in all-conjugated block copolymers (BCPs). Herein, we scrutinize the relationship between cocrystals and charge mobilities in all-conjugated BCPs (i.e., poly(3-butylthiophene)-block-poly(3-hexylthiophene); denoted P3BT-b-P3HT) by tuning their molecular weights and thermal annealing process. All the rod-rod BCPs form cocrystals with high charge mobilities than P3BT and P3HT homopolymers and P3BT/P3HT blend, imparting the cocrystal-facilitated charge transport because of the synergy of two conjugated components. Upon 150 °C treatment, their crystallinities increase and their charge mobilities at 15k, 18k, and 28k increase slightly. In contrast, P3BT-b-P3HT-12k shows decreased charge mobilities. It is due to the preferential increase of crystal size and order through the π-π stacking direction in the former while through the alkyl stacking direction in the latter. Intriguingly, when these P3BT-b-P3HT cocrystals experience two-step thermal treatment, P3BT-b-P3HT-12k retains its cocrystalline structure, while microphase separation of P3BT and P3HT occurs in P3BT-b-P3HT-15k, 18k, and 28k with different degrees. All P3BT-b-P3HT BCPs exhibit decreased charge mobilities. This study demonstrates the cocrystallization-promoted charge mobility in all-conjugated BCPs, which may facilitate their application in a wide range of optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuwen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Lixin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Dalong Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yue Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xin Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Bijun Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Juan Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
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Shang X, Yin Y, Chen S, Zhu M, Zhai D, Liu X, Peng J. Unravelling the Correlation between Microphase Separation and Cocrystallization in Thiophene-Selenophene Block Copolymers for Organic Field-Effect Transistors. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Yue Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Shuwen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Mingjing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Dalong Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Xiaofeng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Juan Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
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Zhai D, Zhu M, Chen S, Yin Y, Shang X, Li L, Zhou G, Peng J. Effect of Block Sequence in All-Conjugated Triblock Copoly(3-alkylthiophene)s on Control of the Crystallization and Field-Effect Mobility. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Meng L, Watson BW, Qin Y. Hybrid conjugated polymer/magnetic nanoparticle composite nanofibers through cooperative non-covalent interactions. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2020; 2:2462-2470. [PMID: 36133384 PMCID: PMC9419169 DOI: 10.1039/d0na00191k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid organic-inorganic composites possessing both electronic and magnetic properties are promising materials for a wide range of applications. Controlled and ordered arrangement of the organic and inorganic components is key for synergistic cooperation toward desired functions. In this work, we report the self-assemblies of core-shell composite nanofibers from conjugated block copolymers and magnetic nanoparticles through the cooperation of orthogonal non-covalent interactions. We show that well-defined core-shell conjugated polymer nanofibers can be obtained through solvent induced self-assembly and polymer crystallization, while hydroxy and pyridine functional groups located at the shell of nanofibers can immobilize magnetic nanoparticles via hydrogen bonding and coordination interactions. These precisely arranged nanostructures possess electronic properties intrinsic to the polymers and are simultaneously responsive to external magnetic fields. We applied these composite nanofibers in organic solar cells and found that these non-covalent interactions led to controlled thin film morphologies containing uniformly dispersed nanoparticles, although high loadings of these inorganic components negatively impact device performance. Our methodology is general and can be utilized to control the spatial distribution of functionalized organic/inorganic building blocks, and the magnetic responsiveness and optoelectronic activities of these nanostructures may lead to new opportunities in energy and electronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyao Meng
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico MSC03 2060, 1 UNM Albuquerque New Mexico 87131 USA
| | - Brad W Watson
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico MSC03 2060, 1 UNM Albuquerque New Mexico 87131 USA
| | - Yang Qin
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico MSC03 2060, 1 UNM Albuquerque New Mexico 87131 USA
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Timmermans B, Koeckelberghs G. Chiral expression of co-crystallizing poly(thiophene)- block-poly(selenophene) copolymers. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py01775e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this research, the chiral expression of co-crystallizing block copolymers is investigated for the first time.
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10
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Van Horn RM, Steffen MR, O'Connor D. Recent progress in block copolymer crystallization. POLYMER CRYSTALLIZATION 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pcr2.10039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M. Van Horn
- Department of Chemistry Allegheny College Meadville Pennsylvania
| | | | - Dana O'Connor
- Department of Chemistry Allegheny College Meadville Pennsylvania
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11
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Lutz JP, Hannigan MD, McNeil AJ. Polymers synthesized via catalyst-transfer polymerization and their applications. Coord Chem Rev 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2018.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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12
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Pan S, Fu C, Zhu M, He L, Yang Y, Zhang H, Liu X, Qiu F, Lin Z, Peng J. Hierarchical Self-Assembly of Conjugated Block Copolymers and Semiconducting Nanorods into One-Dimensional Nanocomposites. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Pan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Zhiqun Lin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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Cui H, Chen X, Wang Y, Wei D, Qiu F, Peng J. Hydrogen-bonding-directed helical nanofibers in a polythiophene-based all-conjugated diblock copolymer. SOFT MATTER 2018; 14:5906-5912. [PMID: 29972187 DOI: 10.1039/c8sm01130c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
One-dimensional (1D) helical nanofibers were prepared through the self-assembly of an achiral all-conjugated diblock copolymer, poly(3-hexylthiophene)-b-poly[3-(6-hydroxyl)hexylthiophene] (P3HT-b-P3HHT) in an aged pyridine solution. Such helical nanofibers were formed by the π-π interaction between planar rigid polythiophene backbones cooperating with the hydrogen-bonding interactions between the polar hydroxyl groups of the side chains of polythiophenes. Intriguingly, the Young's modulus of such helical fibers is as high as ∼5.16 GPa, which is about twice that of P3HT films characterized by the peak force quantitative nanomechanical (PF-QNM) method. Furthermore, for the first time, we report that such helical fibers based on all-conjugated polythiophenes exhibited a relatively high field-effect mobility of 0.03472 cm2 V-1 s-1. This work provides a promising approach to craft crystalline helical nanostructures based on polythiophenes possessing both superior mechanical and good charge transport properties, which has great potential for application in other π-conjugated systems or building blocks for complex superstructures, and mechanical and optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huina Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
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14
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Zhu M, Pan S, Wang Y, Tang P, Qiu F, Lin Z, Peng J. Unravelling the Correlation between Charge Mobility and Cocrystallization in Rod-Rod Block Copolymers for High-Performance Field-Effect Transistors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:8644-8648. [PMID: 29733499 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201804585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Cocrystallization involving two or more components aggregating into cocrystals allows the preparation of materials with markedly improved charge mobility. This approach however, is little explored in all-conjugated block copolymers (BCPs). Herein, we report the first investigation into the correlation between cocrystals and charge mobility in a series of new all-conjugated BCPs: poly(3-butylthiophene)-b-poly(3-hexylselenophene) (P3BT-b-P3HS) for high-performance field-effect transistors. These rationally synthesized rod-rod BCPs self-assemble into cocrystals with high charge mobilities. Upon one-step thermal annealing, their charge mobilities decrease slightly despite their increased crystallinities. After two-step thermal annealing, P3BT-b-P3HS (P3BT/P3HS=2:1) and (1:1) cocrystals disappear and phase separation occurs, leading to greatly decreased charge mobilities. In contrast, P3BT-b-P3HS (1:2) retains its cocrystalline structure and its charge mobility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Shuang Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.,School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Yue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Ping Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Feng Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Zhiqun Lin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Juan Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
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Zhu M, Pan S, Wang Y, Tang P, Qiu F, Lin Z, Peng J. Unravelling the Correlation between Charge Mobility and Cocrystallization in Rod–Rod Block Copolymers for High‐Performance Field‐Effect Transistors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201804585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mingjing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers Department of Macromolecular Science Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Shuang Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers Department of Macromolecular Science Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332 USA
| | - Yue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers Department of Macromolecular Science Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Ping Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers Department of Macromolecular Science Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Feng Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers Department of Macromolecular Science Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Zhiqun Lin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332 USA
| | - Juan Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers Department of Macromolecular Science Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China
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Pan S, Zhu M, He L, Zhang H, Qiu F, Lin Z, Peng J. Transformation from Nanofibers to Nanoribbons in Poly(3-hexylthiophene) Solution by Adding Alkylthiols. Macromol Rapid Commun 2018; 39:e1800048. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201800048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers; Department of Macromolecular Science; Fudan University; Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Mingjing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers; Department of Macromolecular Science; Fudan University; Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Luze He
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers; Department of Macromolecular Science; Fudan University; Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Hongdong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers; Department of Macromolecular Science; Fudan University; Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Feng Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers; Department of Macromolecular Science; Fudan University; Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Zhiqun Lin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Georgia Institute of Technology; Atlanta GA 30332 USA
| | - Juan Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers; Department of Macromolecular Science; Fudan University; Shanghai 200433 China
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17
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Zhang L, Zhang C, Zhang W, Cui Z, Fu P, Liu M, Pang X, Zhao Q. Optical Activity of Homochiral Polyamides in Solution and Solid State: Structural Function for Chiral Induction. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:2463-2469. [PMID: 31458541 PMCID: PMC6641245 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b01963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we have explored a simple and facile approach to prepare optically active helical polyamides. The hydroxyl groups of l-TA and d-TA were protected by O-alkoyl ester, and the resulting enantiomers, l-2,3-di-O-acetyl-tartaric acid (l-ATA) and d-2,3-di-O-acetyl-tartaric acid (d-ATA) crystals, were obtained. A pair of aliphatic homochiral polyamides of PA-l and PA-d are prepared using l-ATA, d-ATA, and achiral 1,11-undecanediamine as building blocks via interfacial polycondensation. PA-l and PA-d display negative and positive mirror circular dichroism (CD) spectra images in both solution and solid state. Moreover, the polyamides in solid state display different CD signals and stronger optical activity compared to those in ethanol and even the related chiral monomers in solid state, which was due to the helical conformation of the polyamides in solid state. Scanning electron microscopy results indicated that the aggregations of PA-l express left-handed helical sense, whereas those of PA-d express right-handed helix. In addition, the induced CD signals from the chiral conformation of the backbone become weaker when increasing the temperature from 0 to 60 °C in dilute solution. Either of the polyamides displays relatively stable CD images in solid state when elevating the temperature from 0 to 90 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Xinchang Pang
- E-mail: . Phone: +86 371 67781591. Fax: +86 371 67781591 (X.P.)
| | - Qingxiang Zhao
- E-mail: . Phone: +86 371 67781596. Fax: +86 371 67781596 (Q.Z.)
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18
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Interplay of microphase separation, crystallization and liquid crystalline ordering in crystalline/liquid crystalline block copolymers. POLYMER 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2017.09.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Cui H, Yang X, Peng J, Qiu F. Controlling the morphology and crystallization of a thiophene-based all-conjugated diblock copolymer by solvent blending. SOFT MATTER 2017; 13:5261-5268. [PMID: 28702655 DOI: 10.1039/c7sm01126a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We report the crystallization and microphase separation behavior of an all-conjugated poly(3-hexylthiophene)-b-poly[3-(6-hydroxy)hexylthiophene] (P3HT-b-P3HHT) block copolymer in mixed solvents and demonstrate how the conformations of P3HT and P3HHT chains influence the photophysical properties of the copolymer. It is shown that the balance among π-π stacking of P3HT, P3HHT and microphase separation of the copolymer can be dynamically shifted by controlling the rod-rod interactions of the copolymer via changing the block ratio and solvent blending. A series of nanostructures such as well-ordered nanofibers, spheres and lamellar structures are formed and their formation mechanisms and kinetics are discussed in detail. The variations in P3HT-b-P3HHT conformations are concomitant with a hybrid photophysical property depending on the competition between intrachain and interchain excitonic coupling, resulting in the transformation between J- and H-aggregation. Overall, this work demonstrates how the P3HT-b-P3HHT conformations crystallize and phase-separate in the solution and solid state, and the correlation between their structures and photophysical properties, which improves our understanding of all-conjugated rod-rod block copolymer systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huina Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
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Polymethylene-b-poly(acrylic acid) diblock copolymers: Morphology and crystallization evolution influenced by polyethyene polyamine with dual confinement effects. POLYMER 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2016.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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21
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Schroot R, Jäger M, Schubert US. Synthetic approaches towards structurally-defined electrochemically and (photo)redox-active polymer architectures. Chem Soc Rev 2017; 46:2754-2798. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cs00811a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
This review details synthetic strategies leading to structurally-defined electrochemically and (photo)redox-active polymer architectures,e.g.block, graft and end functionalized (co)polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Schroot
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC)
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- 07743 Jena
- Germany
| | - Michael Jäger
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC)
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- 07743 Jena
- Germany
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena)
| | - Ulrich S. Schubert
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC)
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- 07743 Jena
- Germany
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena)
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Smith ML, Leone AK, Zimmerman PM, McNeil AJ. Impact of Preferential π-Binding in Catalyst-Transfer Polycondensation of Thiazole Derivatives. ACS Macro Lett 2016; 5:1411-1415. [PMID: 35651203 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.6b00886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Polymerizing electron-deficient arenes in a controlled, chain-growth fashion remains a significant challenge despite a decade of research on catalyst-transfer polycondensation. The prevailing hypothesis is that the chain-growth mechanism stalls at a strongly associated metal-polymer π-complex, preventing catalyst turnover. To evaluate this hypothesis, we performed mechanistic studies using thiazole derivatives and identified approaches to improve their chain-growth polymerization. These studies revealed a surprisingly high barrier for chain-walking toward the reactive C-X bond. In addition, a competitive pathway involving chain-transfer to monomer was identified. This pathway is facilitated by ancillary ligand dissociation and N-coordination to the incoming monomer. We found that this chain-transfer pathway can be attenuated by using a rigid ancillary ligand, leading to an improved polymerization. Combined, these studies provide mechanistic insight into the challenges associated with electron-deficient monomers as well as ways to improve their living, chain-growth polymerization. Our mechanistic studies also revealed an unexpected radical anion-mediated oligomerization in the absence of catalyst, as well as a surprising oxidative addition into the thiazole C-S bond in a model system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell L. Smith
- Department of Chemistry and
Macromolecular Science and Engineering Program, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
| | - Amanda K. Leone
- Department of Chemistry and
Macromolecular Science and Engineering Program, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
| | - Paul M. Zimmerman
- Department of Chemistry and
Macromolecular Science and Engineering Program, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
| | - Anne J. McNeil
- Department of Chemistry and
Macromolecular Science and Engineering Program, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
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