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Gavhane UA, Joshi DC, Jayakannan M. Size- and Shape-controlled Biodegradable Polymer Brushes Based on l-Amino Acid for Intracellular Drug Delivery and Deep-Tissue Penetration. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:3756-3774. [PMID: 38713492 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.4c00341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
We report size- and shape-controlled polymer brushes based on l-amino acid bioresource and study the role of polymer topology on the enzymatic biodegradation and deep-tissue penetration under in vitro and in vivo. For this purpose, l-tyrosine-based propargyl-functionalized monomer is tailor-made and polymerized via solvent-free melt polycondensation strategy to yield hydrophobic and clickable biodegradable poly(ester-urethane)s. Postpolymerization click chemistry strategy is applied to make well-defined amphiphilic one-dimensional rodlike and three-dimensional spherical polymer brushes by merely varying the lengths of PEG-azides in the reaction. These core-shell polymer brushes are found to be nontoxic and nonhemolytic and capable of loading clinical anticancer drug doxorubicin and deep-tissue penetrable near-infrared biomarker IR-780. In vitro enzymatic drug-release kinetics and lysotracker-assisted real-time live-cell confocal bioimaging revealed that the rodlike polymer brush is superior than its spherical counterparts for faster cellular uptake and enzymatic biodegradation at the endolysosomal compartments to release DOX at the nucleus. Further, in vivo live-animal bioimaging by IVIS technique established that the IR-780-loaded rodlike polymer brush exhibited efficient deep-tissue penetration ability and emphasized the importance of polymer brush topology control for biological activity. Polymer brushes exhibit good stability in the blood plasma for more than 72 h, they predominately accumulate in the digestive organs like liver and kidney, and they are less toxic to heart and brain tissues. IVIS imaging of cryotome tissue slices of organs confirmed the deep-penetrating ability of the polymer brushes. The present investigation opens opportunity for bioderived and biodegradable polymer brushes as next-generation smart drug-delivery scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Utreshwar Arjun Gavhane
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER Pune), Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, Maharashtra, India
| | - Dheeraj Chandra Joshi
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER Pune), Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, Maharashtra, India
| | - Manickam Jayakannan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER Pune), Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, Maharashtra, India
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Ji SL, Zhang CY, Yin XQ, Wang J, Wang JP, Xu X. Baicalein Loaded Crown Ether-mPEG-PLGA Micelle Drug Delivery System for Increased Breast Cancer Treatment: Preparation, Characterization, In-Vitro and In-Vivo Evaluations. J Biomed Nanotechnol 2022. [DOI: 10.1166/jbn.2022.3445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Due to low aqueous solubility and poor bioavailability of the flavone baicalein (BIC), a nano-micelle of delivery system was developed. Preparation of BIC-loaded crown ether-mPEG-PLGA micelle (BCPP-M) was performed via thin-film hydration method. Characterization of micellar excipients
was accomplished with 1H NMR, while evaluation of the optimal BCPP-M formulation was appropriately carried out through zeta potential (ZP), size of particles (PS), efficiency of encapsulation (EE) and capacity of drug loading (DL). We evaluated BIC release In-Vitro and profile
of In-Vivo pharmacokinetics. Evaluation of the anti-breast cancer property of BCPP-M using MCP-7 cells cytotoxicity and mice model was performed. Particles of BCPP-M were homogenously and spherically shaped with smaller average PS, coupled with higher EE and DL, good stability and polydispersity
index (PDI). The accumulative release of BCPP-M was obviously higher than free-BIC. Significantly, oral biological availability of BCPP-M was improved comparable to free BIC. Besides, half maximum inhibitory concentration (IC50) of BCPP-M in MCP-7 cells was lower than free-BIC. Animal experiments
also showed targeting, long circulation and antitumor potential of BCPP-M. Successful incorporation of BIC into long-acting and targeting micellar system could have enhanced solubility in aqueous media, oral In-Vivo availability and antitumor property of BIC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun-Li Ji
- Department of Pharmacy, Nantong University Affiliated Hospital, Chongchuan District, Nantong City, 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chun-Yan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Nantong University Affiliated Hospital, Chongchuan District, Nantong City, 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiao-Qin Yin
- Department of Pharmacy, Nantong University Affiliated Hospital, Chongchuan District, Nantong City, 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Nantong University Affiliated Hospital, Chongchuan District, Nantong City, 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jia-Peng Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xin Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Nantong University Affiliated Hospital, Chongchuan District, Nantong City, 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
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Zhang R, Gao R, Gou Q, Lai J, Li X. Precipitation Polymerization: A Powerful Tool for Preparation of Uniform Polymer Particles. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14091851. [PMID: 35567018 PMCID: PMC9105061 DOI: 10.3390/polym14091851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Precipitation polymerization (PP) is a powerful tool to prepare various types of uniform polymer particles owing to its outstanding advantages of easy operation and the absence of any surfactant. Several PP approaches have been developed up to now, including traditional thermo-induced precipitation polymerization (TRPP), distillation precipitation polymerization (DPP), reflux precipitation polymerization (RPP), photoinduced precipitation polymerization (PPP), solvothermal precipitation polymerization (SPP), controlled/‘‘living’’ radical precipitation polymerization (CRPP) and self-stabilized precipitation polymerization (2SPP). In this review, a general introduction to the categories, mechanisms, and applications of precipitation polymerization and the recent developments are presented, proving that PP has great potential to become one of the most attractive polymerization techniques in materials science and bio-medical areas.
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Guo F, Ding Y, Wang Y, Gao X, Chen Z. Functional monodisperse microspheres fabricated by solvothermal precipitation co-polymerization. Chin J Chem Eng 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2020.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Hajebi S, Abdollahi A, Roghani-Mamaqani H, Salami-Kalajahi M. Temperature-Responsive Poly( N-Isopropylacrylamide) Nanogels: The Role of Hollow Cavities and Different Shell Cross-Linking Densities on Doxorubicin Loading and Release. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:2683-2694. [PMID: 32130018 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b03892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Smart polymers with extraordinary characteristics are studied in drug-delivery applications. In the current study, temperature-responsive hybrid core-shell nanoparticles were synthesized by precipitation polymerization of N-isopropylacrylamide and vinyl-modified silica nanoparticles. These temperature-responsive hybrid core-shells were prepared with different cross-linking densities by using 2, 4, and 8 mol % of N,N-methylene bisacrylamide (MBA). Hydrolysis of the silica cores of the hybrid core-shells resulted in hollow poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) nanogels. Functionalization of silica nanoparticles with vinyl-containing silane modifier of 3-(trimethoxysilyl) propyl methacrylate (MPS) in two different contents was proven by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Preparation of the hybrid PNIPAM nanogels and etching of the silica cores were studied using thermogravimetric analysis and also electron microscopy imaging. Sensitivity of the PNIPAM nanogel samples to temperature was studied using ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy. In addition, dynamic light scattering was used for investigation of the squeezing and expansion of the hybrid and hollow samples against variation of temperature. The UV-vis spectroscopy results display higher absorption intensities in higher contents of MPS modifier and MBA cross-linker. The swelling content of the nanogels with hollow cavities was higher than that of the hybrid samples. The hybrid nanogels with 2 and 8 wt % silica content and different cross-linking densities and also their hollow nanoparticles were used for loading and release of doxorubicin (DOX). The release characteristics of the DOX-loaded nanogels were studied at different temperatures using UV-vis spectroscopy. The DOX release was higher at temperatures lower than the gel collapse temperature of the PNIPAM network. Although the nanogels with hollow cavities displayed higher loading capacities, the release percentage was higher for the hybrid PNIPAM nanogels, which was confirmed by the experimental release profiles and mathematical models. The most appropriate fitting of the DOX release data from the PNIPAM nanogel samples was observed for the Korsmeyer-Peppas model. Cytotoxicity studies on HeLa cell line showed that drug-loaded hollow samples showed higher toxicity due to loading of a higher amount of DOX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakineh Hajebi
- Faculty of Polymer Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, P.O. Box 51335-1996, 51368 Tabriz, Iran
- Institute of Polymeric Materials, Sahand University of Technology, P.O. Box 51335-1996, 51368 Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amin Abdollahi
- Faculty of Polymer Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, P.O. Box 51335-1996, 51368 Tabriz, Iran
- Institute of Polymeric Materials, Sahand University of Technology, P.O. Box 51335-1996, 51368 Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hossein Roghani-Mamaqani
- Faculty of Polymer Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, P.O. Box 51335-1996, 51368 Tabriz, Iran
- Institute of Polymeric Materials, Sahand University of Technology, P.O. Box 51335-1996, 51368 Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Salami-Kalajahi
- Faculty of Polymer Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, P.O. Box 51335-1996, 51368 Tabriz, Iran
- Institute of Polymeric Materials, Sahand University of Technology, P.O. Box 51335-1996, 51368 Tabriz, Iran
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Li Y, Zhang X, Zhang J, Ma J, Chi L, Qiu N, Li Y. Synthesis of a biodegradable branched copolymer mPEG-b-PLGA-g-OCol and its pH-sensitive micelle. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 108:110455. [PMID: 31924042 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.110455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
An amphiphilic biodegradable branched copolymer, mPEG-b-PLGA-g-OCol, was synthesized by grafting copolymer (methoxy polyethylene glycol)-b-Poly (l,d-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (mPEG-b-PLGA) on oligomeric collagen (OCol), to form a branched structure with mPEG-b-PLGA as side chain and OCol as backbone. mPEG-b-PLGA and mPEG-b-PLGA-g-OCol were both amphipathic and can self-assemble into micelles in aqueous solution. The mPEG-b-PLGA-g-OCol micelles showed pH-sensitive behaviors and the particle size below 100 nm in slightly acidic environment such as tumor tissue milieu interieur to perform passive targeting. Observed by SEM, when the solution pH increased from 5 to 9, the morphology of mPEG-b-PLGA-g-OCol micelles changed from small spheres to larger ones to rings. For biodegradable mPEG-b-PLGA-g-OCol, the micelles will gradually degrade in body. Further, doxorubicin (DOX) was effectively loaded in the micelles with drug loading and encapsulation efficiency of 3.48% and 25.8%, respectively. To evaluate antineoplastic effect of DOX-laden micelles in vitro, MTT test, flow cytometry and CLSM were performed and found that DOX-laden micelles exhibited higher cellular proliferation inhibition against HeLa cells. These features indicated that the mPEG-b-PLGA-g-OCol micelles were potential drug carrier for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanwei Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China; Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Jingpeng Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China; Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Jing Ma
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China; Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Lin Chi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Nannan Qiu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Yanhui Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China.
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Mocny P, Klok HA. Complex polymer topologies and polymer—nanoparticle hybrid films prepared via surface-initiated controlled radical polymerization. Prog Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2019.101185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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8
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Hajebi S, Abdollahi A, Roghani-Mamaqani H, Salami-Kalajahi M. Hybrid and hollow Poly(N,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) nanogels as stimuli-responsive carriers for controlled release of doxorubicin. POLYMER 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.121716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Huang Y, Zhang XR, Ye S, Li JL, Li X, Cai T. Robust hollow nanocomposites with ruthenium-bipyridine complexes for heterogeneous catalysis of logic-controlled RAFT polymerization. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:13502-13510. [PMID: 31289798 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr04664j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Photoinduced electron/energy transfer-reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (PET-RAFT) polymerization has become a powerful and eco-friendly toolkit to create well-defined macromolecular buildups while exhibiting composition, sequence and spatiotemporal control. Although PET-RAFT polymerization is generally much more convenient than living ionic polymerization, it is still a great challenge to regulate the polymerization upon multiple external stimuli and to simplify the procedures of post-polymerization purification. In this contribution, hHPGE-PFPPNRu nanocomposites were engineered as catalyst supports to firmly accommodate ruthenium-bipyridine complexes for heterogeneous catalysis of PET-RAFT polymerization. The manipulation of reaction temperature modulated the performance of the nanocatalysts, with a pronounced acceleration of the polymerization kinetics being identified at a temperature above the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) brushes compared to that below it. Consequently, the control of RAFT polymerization can be achieved upon the dual-stimuli of light and heat. Moreover, these nanocatalysts conferred radical polymerizations with myriad attractive features such as the adaptability of diverse monomer formulations and reaction media, exquisite control over the molecular variables, oxygen tolerance, and catalyst doses in the ppm range. Owing to the robust mechanical nature of nanocomposites, the separation and reuse of the nanocatalysts were readily realized by rapid centrifugation, and they showed inappreciable catalyst leakage along with consistent catalytic performance even after multiple polymerization runs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Huang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, P. R. China. and Wuhan University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518057, P. R. China
| | - Xi Rong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, P. R. China. and Wuhan University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518057, P. R. China
| | - Sunjie Ye
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, Leeds, UK
| | - Jia Le Li
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, P. R. China. and Wuhan University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518057, P. R. China
| | - Xue Li
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, P. R. China. and Wuhan University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518057, P. R. China
| | - Tao Cai
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, P. R. China. and Wuhan University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518057, P. R. China
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Guo Y, Wang J, Zhang D, Qi T, Li GL. pH-responsive self-healing anticorrosion coatings based on benzotriazole-containing zeolitic imidazole framework. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2018.10.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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11
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Abstract
Hollow polymer nanocapsules (HPNs) have gained tremendous interest in recent years due to their numerous desirable properties compared to their solid counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle C. Bentz
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Florida
- Gainesville
- USA
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12
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Modarresi-Saryazdi SM, Haddadi-Asl V, Salami-Kalajahi M. N,N'-methylenebis(acrylamide)-crosslinked poly(acrylic acid) particles as doxorubicin carriers: A comparison between release behavior of physically loaded drug and conjugated drug via acid-labile hydrazone linkage. J Biomed Mater Res A 2017; 106:342-348. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 09/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Vahid Haddadi-Asl
- Department of Polymer Engineering and Color Technology; Amirkabir University of Technology; Tehran P.O. Box 15875-4413 Iran
| | - Mehdi Salami-Kalajahi
- Department of Polymer Engineering; Sahand University of Technology; Tabriz P.O. Box 51335-1996 Iran
- Institute of Polymeric Materials; Sahand University of Technology; Tabriz P.O. Box 51335-1996 Iran
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Ramasamy T, Ruttala HB, Gupta B, Poudel BK, Choi HG, Yong CS, Kim JO. Smart chemistry-based nanosized drug delivery systems for systemic applications: A comprehensive review. J Control Release 2017; 258:226-253. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.04.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2016] [Revised: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Zhang L, Lu Q, Lv X, Shen L, Zhang B, An Z. In Situ Cross-Linking as a Platform for the Synthesis of Triblock Copolymer Vesicles with Diverse Surface Chemistry and Enhanced Stability via RAFT Dispersion Polymerization. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b02651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhang
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology,
College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Qunzan Lu
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology,
College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Xiaoqing Lv
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology,
College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Liangliang Shen
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology,
College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Baohua Zhang
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology,
College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Zesheng An
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology,
College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
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Tan J, Peng Y, Liu D, Huang C, Yu M, Jiang D, Zhang L. Facile Preparation of Monodisperse Poly(2-hydroxyethyl acrylate)-Grafted Poly(methyl methacrylate) Microspheres via Photoinitiated RAFT Dispersion Polymerization. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201600176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianbo Tan
- Department of Polymeric Materials and Engineering; School of Materials and Energy; Guangdong University of Technology; Guangzhou 510006 China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Soft Condensed Matter; Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Yicheng Peng
- Department of Polymeric Materials and Engineering; School of Materials and Energy; Guangdong University of Technology; Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Dongdong Liu
- Department of Polymeric Materials and Engineering; School of Materials and Energy; Guangdong University of Technology; Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Chundong Huang
- Department of Polymeric Materials and Engineering; School of Materials and Energy; Guangdong University of Technology; Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Mingguang Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Dan Jiang
- Research Resources Center; South China Normal University; Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Polymeric Materials and Engineering; School of Materials and Energy; Guangdong University of Technology; Guangzhou 510006 China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Soft Condensed Matter; Guangzhou 510006 China
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