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Li C, Zheng W, Liu D, Hu X, Liu Z, Duan Z, Fang Y, Jiang X, Wang S, Du Z. Low-Temperature Cross-Linked Hole Transport Layer for High-Performance Blue Quantum-Dot Light-Emitting Diodes. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:5729-5736. [PMID: 38708832 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c00727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Quantum-dot light-emitting diodes (QLEDs), a kind of promising optoelectronic device, demonstrate potential superiority in next-generation display technology. Thermal cross-linked hole transport materials (HTMs) have been employed in solution-processed QLEDs due to their excellent thermal stability and solvent resistance, whereas the unbalanced charge injection and high cross-linking temperature of cross-linked HTMs can inhibit the efficiency of QLEDs and limit their application. Herein, a low-temperature cross-linked HTM of 4,4'-bis(3-(((4-vinylbenzyl)oxy)methyl)-9H-carbazol-9-yl)-1,1'-biphenyl (DV-CBP) with a flexible styrene side chain is introduced, which reduces the cross-linking temperature to 150 °C and enhances the hole mobility up to 1.01 × 10-3 cm2 V-1 s-1. More importantly, the maximum external quantum efficiency of 21.35% is successfully obtained on the basis of the DV-CBP as a cross-linked hole transport layer (HTL) for blue QLEDs. The low-temperature cross-linked high-mobility HTL using flexible side chains could be an excellent alternative for future HTL development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenguang Li
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Centre for High-efficiency Display and Lighting Technology, School of Materials and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Nano Functional Materials and Applications, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Centre for High-efficiency Display and Lighting Technology, School of Materials and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Nano Functional Materials and Applications, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xinyue Hu
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Centre for High-efficiency Display and Lighting Technology, School of Materials and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Nano Functional Materials and Applications, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Zhenling Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Zhongfeng Duan
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Centre for High-efficiency Display and Lighting Technology, School of Materials and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Nano Functional Materials and Applications, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Yan Fang
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Centre for High-efficiency Display and Lighting Technology, School of Materials and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Nano Functional Materials and Applications, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Xiaohong Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Centre for High-efficiency Display and Lighting Technology, School of Materials and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Nano Functional Materials and Applications, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Shujie Wang
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Centre for High-efficiency Display and Lighting Technology, School of Materials and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Nano Functional Materials and Applications, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Zuliang Du
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Centre for High-efficiency Display and Lighting Technology, School of Materials and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Nano Functional Materials and Applications, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
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Sun N, Han Y, Huang W, Xu M, Wang J, An X, Lin J, Huang W. A Holistic Review of C = C Crosslinkable Conjugated Molecules in Solution-Processed Organic Electronics: Insights into Stability, Processibility, and Mechanical Properties. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2309779. [PMID: 38237201 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202309779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Solution-processable organic conjugated molecules (OCMs) consist of a series of aromatic units linked by σ-bonds, which present a relatively freedom intramolecular motion and intermolecular re-arrangement under external stimulation. The cross-linked strategy provides an effective platform to obtain OCMs network, which allows for outstanding optoelectronic, excellent physicochemical properties, and substantial improvement in device fabrication. An unsaturated double carbon-carbon bond (C = C) is universal segment to construct crosslinkable OCMs. In this review, the authors will set C = C cross-linkable units as an example to summarize the development of cross-linkable OCMs for solution-processable optoelectronic applications. First, this review provides a comprehensive overview of the distinctive chemical, physical, and optoelectronic properties arising from the cross-linking strategies employed in OCMs. Second, the methods for probing the C = C cross-linking reaction are also emphasized based on the perturbations of chemical structure and physicochemical property. Third, a series of model C = C cross-linkable units, including styrene, trifluoroethylene, and unsaturated acid ester, are further discussed to design and prepare novel OCMs. Furthermore, a concise overview of the optoelectronic applications associated with this approach is presented, including light-emitting diodes (LEDs), solar cells (SCs), and field-effect transistors (FETs). Lastly, the authors offer a concluding perspective and outlook for the improvement of OCMs and their optoelectronic application via the cross-linking strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Sun
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Fine Organic Synthesis, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Yamin Han
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Wenxin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Man Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jianguo Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Fine Organic Synthesis, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Xiang An
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Jinyi Lin
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
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Li C, Wang S, Liu D, Zheng W, Jiang X, Fang Y, Duan Z, Wang A, Wang S, Du Z. Photothermal Synergic Cross-Linking Hole Transport Layer for Highly Efficient RGB QLEDs. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024. [PMID: 38652888 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c02073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Developing an insoluble cross-linkable hole transport layer (HTL) plays an important role for solution-processed quantum dots light-emitting diodes (QLEDs) to fabricate a multilayer device with separated quantum dots layers and HTLs. In this work, a facile photothermal synergic cross-linking strategy is simultaneous annealing and UV irradiation to form the high-quality cross-linked film as the HTL without any photoinitiator, which efficiently reduces the cross-linking temperature to the low temperature of 130 °C and enhances the hole mobility of the 3-vinyl-9-{4-[4-(3-vinylcarbazol-9-yl)phenyl]phenyl}carbazole (CBP-V) thin films. The obtained high-quality cross-linked CBP-V films exhibited smooth morphology, excellent solvent resistance, and high mobility. Moreover, the high-performance red, green, and blue (RGB) QLEDs are successfully fabricated by using the photothermal synergic cross-linked HTLs, which achieved the maximum external quantum efficiency of 25.69, 24.42, and 16.51%, respectively. This work presents a strategy of using the photothermal synergic cross-linked HTLs for fabrication of high-performance QLEDs and advancing their related device applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenguang Li
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Centre for High-Efficiency Display and Lighting Technology, School of Materials and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Nano Functional Materials and Applications, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Shuaibing Wang
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Centre for High-Efficiency Display and Lighting Technology, School of Materials and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Nano Functional Materials and Applications, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information, Ministry of Education, School of Physical Science and Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Centre for High-Efficiency Display and Lighting Technology, School of Materials and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Nano Functional Materials and Applications, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Xiaohong Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Centre for High-Efficiency Display and Lighting Technology, School of Materials and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Nano Functional Materials and Applications, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Yan Fang
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Centre for High-Efficiency Display and Lighting Technology, School of Materials and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Nano Functional Materials and Applications, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Zhongfeng Duan
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Centre for High-Efficiency Display and Lighting Technology, School of Materials and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Nano Functional Materials and Applications, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Aqiang Wang
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Centre for High-Efficiency Display and Lighting Technology, School of Materials and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Nano Functional Materials and Applications, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Shujie Wang
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Centre for High-Efficiency Display and Lighting Technology, School of Materials and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Nano Functional Materials and Applications, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Zuliang Du
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Centre for High-Efficiency Display and Lighting Technology, School of Materials and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Nano Functional Materials and Applications, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
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Kunz SV, Cole CM, Baumann T, Sonar P, Yambem SD, Blasco E, Barner-Kowollik C, Blinco JP. Emissive semi-interpenetrating polymer networks for ink-jet printed multilayer OLEDs. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00794g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Solution-processing of multi-layered Organic Light Emitting Diodes (OLEDs) remains challenging. Herein, we introduce a facile blending process of emitting polymers with photoreactive polymer strands, allowing for the generation of solvent resistant emissive layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna V. Kunz
- Centre for Materials Science, School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, 4000 QLD, Australia
| | - Cameron M. Cole
- Centre for Materials Science, School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, 4000 QLD, Australia
| | - Thomas Baumann
- Cynora GmbH, Werner-von-Siemens-Straße 2-6, 76646 Bruchsal, Germany
| | - Prashant Sonar
- Centre for Materials Science, School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, 4000 QLD, Australia
| | - Soniya D. Yambem
- Centre for Materials Science, School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, 4000 QLD, Australia
| | - Eva Blasco
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Centre for Advanced Materials, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 225, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- Centre for Materials Science, School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, 4000 QLD, Australia
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - James P. Blinco
- Centre for Materials Science, School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, 4000 QLD, Australia
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Ou Y, Wang A, Zhang F, Hu F. Dendritic Groups Substituted Kekulé‐Benzene‐Bridged Bis(triarylamine) Mixed‐valence Systems: Syntheses, Characterization and Electronic Coupling Properties. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202000158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ya‐Ping Ou
- College of Chemistry and Material ScienceHengyang Normal University, Key Laboratory of Functional Metal-Organic Compounds of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Functional Organometallic Materials of Hunan Province College, Hengyang Hunan 421008 P.R. China
| | - Aihui Wang
- College of Chemistry and Material ScienceHengyang Normal University, Key Laboratory of Functional Metal-Organic Compounds of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Functional Organometallic Materials of Hunan Province College, Hengyang Hunan 421008 P.R. China
| | - Fuxing Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Material ScienceHengyang Normal University, Key Laboratory of Functional Metal-Organic Compounds of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Functional Organometallic Materials of Hunan Province College, Hengyang Hunan 421008 P.R. China
| | - Fang Hu
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemical EngineeringNingbo University Ningbo 315211 China
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Gao Z, Wu Y, Qu W, Li T, Yang T, Fan X, Dong L, Shi Y, Cheng X, Ren Y, Tao P. Two novel aromatic hydrocarbons: facile synthesis, photophysical properties and applications in deep-blue electroluminescence. RSC Adv 2020; 10:16687-16692. [PMID: 35498840 PMCID: PMC9053088 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra01846e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Two efficient novel fluorescent naphthalene and fluorene-based aromatic hydrocarbon isomers (1 and 2) are prepared and investigated for organic electroluminescence. These compounds show bright violet to deep-blue emission, narrow full width at half maximum (52 nm), and high photoluminescence efficiency (e.g. 0.61 in CH2Cl2, 0.67 in film). Alternation of substituent position on the naphthalene moiety can give rise to remarkable emission variation. The relatively large torsion angle between naphthalene and fluorene suppresses the π–π interactions by weakening the intermolecular interactions in the solid state, which can result in highly efficient fluorescence. Moreover, the 1931 Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage coordinates and maximum emission peak for deep-blue electroluminescence based on 1 are (0.16, 0.08) and 410 nm, respectively. Novel solution processable aromatic hydrocarbons have been designed and synthesized for deep-blue OLEDs with a maximum emission peak of 410 nm and CIE coordinates of (0.16, 0.08).![]()
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Kunz SV, Cole CM, Welle A, Shaw PE, Sonar P, Thoebes NP, Baumann T, Yambem SD, Blasco E, Blinco JP, Barner-Kowollik C. Photo-Cross-Linkable Polymer Inks for Solution-Based OLED Fabrication. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b02030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Susanna V. Kunz
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, 4000 QLD, Australia
| | - Cameron M. Cole
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, 4000 QLD, Australia
| | - Alexander Welle
- Macromolecular Architectures, Institute for Technical Chemistry and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 18, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Paul E. Shaw
- Centre for Organic Photonics & Electronics, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Prashant Sonar
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, 4000 QLD, Australia
| | | | - Thomas Baumann
- Cynora GmbH, Werner-von-Siemens-Straße 2-6, 76646 Bruchsal, Germany
| | - Soniya D. Yambem
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, 4000 QLD, Australia
| | - Eva Blasco
- Macromolecular Architectures, Institute for Technical Chemistry and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 18, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - James P. Blinco
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, 4000 QLD, Australia
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, 4000 QLD, Australia
- Macromolecular Architectures, Institute for Technical Chemistry and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 18, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
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Kamino BA, Szawiola AM, Plint T, Bender TP. Formation and application of electrochemically active cross-linked triarylamine–siloxane films using the Piers–Rubinsztajn reaction. CAN J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2018-0071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cross-linked triarylamine–siloxane hybrid thin film have been formed using Piers–Rubinsztajn chemistry. Key to this approach was the use of a ring-opening reaction to prevent the evolution of volatile small molecules. A representative cyclic ether containing biphenyl triarylamine compound was synthesized and on ring-opening was shown to form a smooth, glassy, and electroactive films by cross-linking with tetrakis(dimethylsiloxy)silane (QM*4). It was found that the films were electrochemically active with low glass transition temperatures. Cross-linked films were incorporated into organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) under various conditions and functionality within OLEDs was confirmed. Finally, the resistance of the system to dissolution (orthogonality) was considered by casting F8T2, a p-type emitting polymer, from solution on top of the cross-linked film, which formed a working OLED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett A. Kamino
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College St., Toronto, ON M5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Anjuli M. Szawiola
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College St., Toronto, ON M5S 3E5, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George St., Toronto, ON M5S 3H4, Canada
| | - Trevor Plint
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College St., Toronto, ON M5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Timothy P. Bender
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College St., Toronto, ON M5S 3E5, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George St., Toronto, ON M5S 3H4, Canada
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, 184 College St., Toronto, ON M5S 3E4, Canada
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Huang W, Bender M, Seehafer K, Wacker I, Schröder RR, Bunz UHF. Novel Functional TPE Polymers: Aggregation‐Induced Emission, pH Response, and Solvatochromic Behavior. Macromol Rapid Commun 2018; 40:e1800774. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201800774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- Organisch‐Chemisches InstitutRuprecht‐Karls‐Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Markus Bender
- Organisch‐Chemisches InstitutRuprecht‐Karls‐Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Kai Seehafer
- Organisch‐Chemisches InstitutRuprecht‐Karls‐Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Irene Wacker
- Cryo Electron MicroscopyUniversitatsklinikum Heidelberg, BioQuant Im Neuenheimer Feld 267 69120 Heidelberg Germany
- Centre for Advanced MaterialsRuprecht‐Karls‐Universitat Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 225 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Rasmus R. Schröder
- Cryo Electron MicroscopyUniversitatsklinikum Heidelberg, BioQuant Im Neuenheimer Feld 267 69120 Heidelberg Germany
- Centre for Advanced MaterialsRuprecht‐Karls‐Universitat Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 225 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Uwe H. F. Bunz
- Organisch‐Chemisches InstitutRuprecht‐Karls‐Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
- Centre for Advanced MaterialsRuprecht‐Karls‐Universitat Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 225 69120 Heidelberg Germany
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Matsuoka K, Albrecht K, Nakayama A, Yamamoto K, Fujita K. Highly Efficient Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Organic Light-Emitting Diodes with Fully Solution-Processed Organic Multilayered Architecture: Impact of Terminal Substitution on Carbazole-Benzophenone Dendrimer and Interfacial Engineering. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:33343-33352. [PMID: 30187748 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b09451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A series of second-generation carbazole-benzophenone dendrimer substituted by several functional groups at terminal positions (subG2B) was investigated toward a thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitter for nondoped emissive layer (EML) application in a solution-processed organic light-emitting diode (OLED). Substitution was found to dramatically alter the photophysical properties of the dendritic TADF emitters. The introduction of tert-butyl and phenyl group endows the subG2Bs with aggregation-induced emission enhancement character by suppression of internal conversion in singlet excited states. In the meantime, the introduction of a methoxy group resulted in aggregation-caused quenching character. The device performance of the OLED, where subG2B neat films were incorporated as nondoped EMLs, was found to be highly enhanced by adopting fully solution-processed organic multilayer architecture in comparison to the devices with a vacuum-deposited electron transporting layer (ETL), achieving a maximum external quantum efficiency of 17.0%. Such improvement was attributable to the improved carrier balance via intermixing at solution-processed EML/ETL interfaces. It was also found that the post-thermal annealing of the OLED at appropriate temperatures could be beneficial to enhance OLED performance by promoting the intermixing EML/ETL interface to some extent. Our findings emphasize the potential utility of dendritic TADF emitters in the solution-processed TADF-OLED and increase the importance to manipulate dendrimer/small molecule interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Matsuoka
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering , Kyushu University , 6-1 Kasuga koen , Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580 , Japan
| | | | - Akira Nakayama
- Institute for Catalysis , Hokkaido University , Sapporo 001-0021 , Japan
| | | | - Katsuhiko Fujita
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering , Kyushu University , 6-1 Kasuga koen , Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580 , Japan
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11
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Islam SN, Sil A, Patra SK. Achieving yellow emission by varying the donor/acceptor units in rod-shaped fluorenyl-alkynyl based π-conjugated oligomers and their binuclear gold(i) alkynyl complexes. Dalton Trans 2018; 46:5918-5929. [PMID: 28406507 DOI: 10.1039/c7dt00895c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Fluorenyl-alkynyl based π-conjugated rod-shaped oligomers bearing different central aromatic moieties and functionalizable di-alkynyl termini, such as H-[triple bond, length as m-dash]-Fl-[triple bond, length as m-dash]-Fl-[triple bond, length as m-dash]-Fl-[triple bond, length as m-dash]-H (OH1), H-[triple bond, length as m-dash]-Fl-[triple bond, length as m-dash]-Btz-[triple bond, length as m-dash]-Fl-[triple bond, length as m-dash]-H (OH2) and H-[triple bond, length as m-dash]-Fl-[triple bond, length as m-dash]-Btd-[triple bond, length as m-dash]-Fl-[triple bond, length as m-dash]-H (OH3) where Fl = 9,9-dioctylfluorene, Btz = N-hexylbenzotriazole, and Btd = benzothiadiazole, were successfully synthesized by a Pd(0) catalyzed Stille coupling protocol. Electron withdrawing benzothiadiazole and benzotriazole as strong to moderate acceptors and fluorene as the donor have been incorporated to adjust the Donor-Acceptor (D-A) strength for fine-tuning the bandgap (Eg) as well as the emission wavelength. The corresponding digold(i) σ-complexes (PPh3)Au-[triple bond, length as m-dash]-Fl-[triple bond, length as m-dash]-Fl-[triple bond, length as m-dash]-Fl-[triple bond, length as m-dash]-Au(PPh3) (OM1), (PPh3)Au-[triple bond, length as m-dash]-Fl-[triple bond, length as m-dash]-Btz-[triple bond, length as m-dash]-Fl-[triple bond, length as m-dash]-Au(PPh3) (OM2) and (PPh3)Au-[triple bond, length as m-dash]-Fl-[triple bond, length as m-dash]-Btd-[triple bond, length as m-dash]-Fl-[triple bond, length as m-dash]-Au(PPh3) (OM3) have also been prepared by a reaction of Au(PPh3)Cl and methanolic NaOMe in DCM with the corresponding alkynyl functionalized oligomers to take advantage of the heavy-atom effect on their emissive properties. The synthesized rod-shaped π-conjugated fluorene based oligomers and their binuclear Au(i) σ-complexes have been unambiguously characterized by various spectroscopic tools such as FTIR and multinuclear NMR as well as MALDI-TOF and CHN analyses. The absorption and emission spectral studies exhibited a progressive red shift with increasing the electron withdrawing character of the central aromatic unit. The rod-like oligomers having alkynyl termini and the corresponding digold(i) complexes are found to be blue, cyan and yellow emissive, demonstrating the fine-tuning of the emission wavelength. Most importantly, the fluorene based π-conjugated yellow light emitters OH3 and OM3 are successfully achieved by varying the donor/acceptor moiety to the fluorenyl-alkynyl backbone. The digold(i) diacetylide organometallic wires exhibit phosphorescence at 77 K in degassed CH2Cl2 due to the efficient intersystem crossing from the S1 to the T1 excited state as induced by heavy atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sk Najmul Islam
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur-721302, WB, India.
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12
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Zhang Y, Dai C, Zhou S, Liu B. Enabling shape memory and healable effects in a conjugated polymer by incorporating siloxane via dynamic imine bond. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:10092-10095. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc05410j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A copolymer of poly(fluorene-co-benzothiadiazole) and poly(dimethylsiloxane) was synthesized via dynamic imine bonds, which showed shape memory, healable and degradable effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaling Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore 117585
- Singapore
| | - Chunhui Dai
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore 117585
- Singapore
| | - Shiwei Zhou
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore 117585
- Singapore
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore 117585
- Singapore
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13
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Hu X, Lawrence JA, Mullahoo J, Smith ZC, Wilson DJ, Mace CR, Thomas SW. Directly Photopatternable Polythiophene as Dual-Tone Photoresist. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b01208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoran Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, 62
Talbot Avenue, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - John A. Lawrence
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, 62
Talbot Avenue, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - James Mullahoo
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, 62
Talbot Avenue, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Zachary C. Smith
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, 62
Talbot Avenue, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Daniel J. Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, 62
Talbot Avenue, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Charles R. Mace
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, 62
Talbot Avenue, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Samuel W. Thomas
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, 62
Talbot Avenue, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
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14
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Manouras T, Vamvakaki M. Field responsive materials: photo-, electro-, magnetic- and ultrasound-sensitive polymers. Polym Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6py01455k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in field-responsive polymers, which have emerged as highly promising materials for numerous applications, are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodore Manouras
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser
- Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas
- Heraklion
- Greece
| | - Maria Vamvakaki
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser
- Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas
- Heraklion
- Greece
- University of Crete
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15
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Derue L, Olivier S, Tondelier D, Maindron T, Geffroy B, Ishow E. All-Solution-Processed Organic Light-Emitting Diodes Based on Photostable Photo-cross-linkable Fluorescent Small Molecules. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:16207-17. [PMID: 27280695 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b05197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate herein the fabrication of small molecule-based OLEDs where four organic layers from the hole- to the electron-transporting layers have successively been deposited by using an all-solution process. The key feature of the device relies on a novel photopolymerizable red-emitting material, made of small fluorophores substituted with two acrylate units, and displaying high-quality film-forming properties as well as high emission quantum yield as nondoped thin films. Insoluble emissive layers were obtained upon UV irradiation using low illumination doses, with no further need of postcuring. Very low photodegradation was noticed, giving rise to bright layers with a remarkable surface quality, characterized by a mean RMS roughness as low as 0.7 nm after development. Comparative experiments between solution-processed OLEDs and vacuum-processed OLEDs made of fluorophores with close architectures show external quantum efficiencies in the same range while displaying distinct behaviors in terms of current and power efficiencies. They validate the proof of concept of nondoped solution-processable emissive layers exclusively made of photopolymerized fluorophores, thereby reducing the amount of components and opening the way toward cost-effective fabrication of solution-processed OLED multilayer architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lionel Derue
- LICSEN, NIMBE, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay , 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Simon Olivier
- CEISAM-UMR CNRS 6230, Université de Nantes , 2 rue de la Houssinière, 44322 Nantes, France
- CEA, LETI, MINATEC Campus, Département Optique et Photonique, Laboratoire des Composants pour la Visualisation, Université Grenoble Alpes , 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Denis Tondelier
- LPICM, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Université Paris Saclay , 91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - Tony Maindron
- CEA, LETI, MINATEC Campus, Département Optique et Photonique, Laboratoire des Composants pour la Visualisation, Université Grenoble Alpes , 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Bernard Geffroy
- LICSEN, NIMBE, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay , 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Eléna Ishow
- CEISAM-UMR CNRS 6230, Université de Nantes , 2 rue de la Houssinière, 44322 Nantes, France
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