1
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Liu J, Blosch SE, Volokhova AS, Crater ER, Gallin CF, Moore RB, Matson JB, Byers JA. Using Redox-Switchable Polymerization Catalysis to Synthesize a Chemically Recyclable Thermoplastic Elastomer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202317699. [PMID: 38168073 PMCID: PMC10873474 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202317699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
In an effort to synthesize chemically recyclable thermoplastic elastomers, a redox-switchable catalytic system was developed to synthesize triblock copolymers containing stiff poly(lactic acid) (PLA) end blocks and a flexible poly(tetrahydrofuran-co-cyclohexene oxide) (poly(THF-co-CHO) copolymer as the mid-block. The orthogonal reactivity induced by changing the oxidation state of the iron-based catalyst enabled the synthesis of the triblock copolymers in a single reaction flask from a mixture of monomers. The triblock copolymers demonstrated improved flexibility compared to poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA) and thermomechanical properties that resemble thermoplastic elastomers, including a rubbery plateau in the range of -60 to 40 °C. The triblock copolymers containing a higher percentage of THF versus CHO were more flexible, and a blend of triblock copolymers containing PLLA and poly(d-lactic acid) (PDLA) end-blocks resulted in a stereocomplex that further increased polymer flexibility. Besides the low cost of lactide and THF, the sustainability of this new class of triblock copolymers was also supported by their depolymerization, which was achieved by exposing the copolymers sequentially to FeCl3 and ZnCl2 /PEG under reactive distillation conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangwei Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Eugene F. Merkert Chemistry Center, 2609 Beacon Street, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, USA
| | - Sarah E Blosch
- Department of Chemistry, and Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Anastasia S Volokhova
- Department of Chemistry, and Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Erin R Crater
- Department of Chemistry, and Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Connor F Gallin
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Eugene F. Merkert Chemistry Center, 2609 Beacon Street, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, USA
| | - Robert B Moore
- Department of Chemistry, and Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - John B Matson
- Department of Chemistry, and Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Jeffery A Byers
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Eugene F. Merkert Chemistry Center, 2609 Beacon Street, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, USA
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2
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Li B, Hu C, Pang X, Chen X. Valence-variable Catalysts for Redox-controlled Switchable Ring-opening Polymerization. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202201031. [PMID: 36321213 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202201031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
As a representative class of sustainable polymer materials, biodegradable polymers have attracted increasing interest in recent years. Despite significant advance of related polymerization techniques, realizing high sequence-control and easy-handling in ring-opening (co)polymerizations still remains a central challenge. To this end, a promising solution is the development of valence-variable metal-based catalysts for redox-induced switchable polymerization of cyclic esters, cyclic ethers, epoxides, and CO2 . Through a valence-determined electron effect, the switch between different catalytically active states as well as dormant state contributes to convenient formation of polymer products with desired microstructures and various practical performances. This redox-controlled switchable strategy for controlled synthesis of polymers is overviewed in this Review with a focus on potential applications and challenges for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bokun Li
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 130022, Changchun, P. R. China.,University of Science and Technology of China, 230026, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Chenyang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 130022, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Xuan Pang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 130022, Changchun, P. R. China.,University of Science and Technology of China, 230026, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Xuesi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 130022, Changchun, P. R. China.,University of Science and Technology of China, 230026, Hefei, P. R. China
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3
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Shawver NM, Doerr AM, Long BK. A perspective on
redox‐switchable ring‐opening
polymerization. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20220585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Alicia M. Doerr
- Department of Chemistry University of Tennessee Knoxville Tennessee USA
| | - Brian K. Long
- Department of Chemistry University of Tennessee Knoxville Tennessee USA
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4
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de Vries F, Otten E. Reversible On/Off Switching of Lactide Cyclopolymerization with a Redox-Active Formazanate Ligand. ACS Catal 2022; 12:4125-4130. [PMID: 35391903 PMCID: PMC8981207 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c05689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
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Redox-switching of
a formazanate zinc catalyst in ring-opening
polymerization (ROP) of lactide is described. Using a redox-active
ligand bound to an inert metal ion (Zn2+) allows modulation
of the catalytic activity by reversible reduction/oxidation chemistry
at a purely organic fragment. A combination of kinetic and spectroscopic
studies, together with mass spectrometry of the catalysis mixture,
provides insight in the nature of the active species and the initiation
of lactide ring-opening polymerization. The mechanistic data highlight
the key role of the redox-active ligand and provide a rationale for
the formation of cyclic polymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Folkert de Vries
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Edwin Otten
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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5
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Kaler S, Jones MD. Recent advances in externally controlled ring-opening polymerisations. Dalton Trans 2021; 51:1241-1256. [PMID: 34918735 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt03471e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Switchable catalysis is a powerful tool in the polymer chemist's toolbox as it allows on demand access to a variety of polymer architectures. Switchable catalysts operate by the generation of a species which is chemically distinct in behaviour and structure to the precursor. This difference in catalytic activity has been exploited to allow spatiotemporal control over polymerisations in the synthesis of (co)polymers. Although switchable methodologies have been applied to other polymerisation mechanisms for quite some time, for ring opening polymerisation (ROP) reactions it is a relatively young area of research. Despite its infancy, the field is accelerating rapidly. Here, we review recent developments for selected external stimuli for ROP, including redox chemistry, light, allosteric and mechanical control. Furthermore, a brief review on switch catalysis involving exogeneous gases will also be provided, although this area differs from traditional switchable catalysis techniques. An outlook on the future of switchable catalysis is also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Kaler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
| | - Matthew D Jones
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
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6
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Hern ZC, Quan SM, Dai R, Lai A, Wang Y, Liu C, Diaconescu PL. ABC and ABAB Block Copolymers by Electrochemically Controlled Ring-Opening Polymerization. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:19802-19808. [PMID: 34792339 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c08648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
An electrochemically controlled synthesis of multiblock copolymers by alternating the redox states of (salfan)Zr(OtBu)2 (salfan = 1,1'-di(2-tert-butyl-6-N-methylmethylenephenoxy)ferrocene) is reported. Aided by electrochemistry with a glassy carbon working electrode, an in situ potential switch alters the catalyst's oxidation state and its subsequent monomer (l-lactide, β-butyrolactone, or cyclohexene oxide) selectivity in one pot. Various multiblock copolymers were prepared, including an ABAB tetrablock copolymer, poly(cyclohexene oxide-b-lactide-b-cyclohexene oxide-b-lactide), and an ABC triblock copolymer, poly(hydroxybutyrate-b-cyclohexene oxide-b-lactide). The polymers produced using this technique are similar to those produced via a chemical redox reagent method, displaying moderately narrow dispersities (1.1-1.5) and molecular weights ranging from 7 to 26 kDa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary C Hern
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Stephanie M Quan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Ruxi Dai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Amy Lai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Yihang Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Chong Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Paula L Diaconescu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
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7
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Birenheide BS, Krämer F, Bayer L, Mehlmann P, Dielmann F, Breher F. Multistimuli-Responsive [3]Dioxaphosphaferrocenophanes with Orthogonal Switches. Chemistry 2021; 27:15066-15073. [PMID: 34459528 PMCID: PMC8596786 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Novel multistimuli‐responsive phosphine ligands comprising a redox‐active [3]dioxaphosphaferrocenophane backbone and a P‐bound imidazolin‐2‐ylidenamino entity that allows switching by protonation are reported. Investigation of the corresponding metal complexes and their redox behaviour are reported and show the sensitivity of the system towards protonation and metal coordination. The experimental findings are supported by DFT calculations. Protonation and oxidation events are applied in Rh‐catalysed hydrosilylations and demonstrate a remarkable influence on reactivity and/or selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard S Birenheide
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Division Molecular Chemistry Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr.15, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Felix Krämer
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Division Molecular Chemistry Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr.15, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Lea Bayer
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Division Molecular Chemistry Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr.15, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Paul Mehlmann
- Department of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry Division Molecular Chemistry, University of Innsbruck Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine Innrain 80-82, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Fabian Dielmann
- Department of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry Division Molecular Chemistry, University of Innsbruck Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine Innrain 80-82, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Frank Breher
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Division Molecular Chemistry Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr.15, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
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8
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Supej MJ, McLoughlin EA, Hsu JH, Fors BP. Reversible redox controlled acids for cationic ring-opening polymerization. Chem Sci 2021; 12:10544-10549. [PMID: 34447548 PMCID: PMC8356742 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc03011f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Advancements in externally controlled polymerization methodologies have enabled the synthesis of novel polymeric structures and architectures, and they have been pivotal to the development of new photocontrolled lithographic and 3D printing technologies. In particular, the development of externally controlled ring-opening polymerization (ROP) methodologies is of great interest, as these methods provide access to novel biocompatible and biodegradable block polymer structures. Although ROPs mediated by photoacid generators have made significant contributions to the fields of lithography and microelectronics development, these methodologies rely upon catalysts with poor stability and thus poor temporal control. Herein, we report a class of ferrocene-derived acid catalysts whose acidity can be altered through reversible oxidation and reduction of the ferrocenyl moiety to chemically and electrochemically control the ROP of cyclic esters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Supej
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University Ithaca New York 14853 USA
| | - Elizabeth A McLoughlin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University Ithaca New York 14853 USA
| | - Jesse H Hsu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University Ithaca New York 14853 USA
| | - Brett P Fors
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University Ithaca New York 14853 USA
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9
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10
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Maity R, Birenheide BS, Breher F, Sarkar B. Cooperative Effects in Multimetallic Complexes Applied in Catalysis. ChemCatChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202001951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ramananda Maity
- Department of Chemistry University of Calcutta 92, A. P. C. Road Kolkata 700009 India
| | - Bernhard S. Birenheide
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Engesserstr. 15 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Frank Breher
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Engesserstr. 15 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Biprajit Sarkar
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Koordinationschemie Institut für Anorganische Chemie Universität Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 D 70569 Stuttgart Germany
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11
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Xu X, Lu H, Luo G, Kang X, Luo Y. Theoretical insight into the opposite redox activity of iron complexes toward the ring opening polymerization of lactide and epoxide. Inorg Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qi01306d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The origin of opposite reactivity in the ring-opening polymerization of lactide (LA) and cyclohexene oxide (CHO) catalyzed by redox-switchable bis(imino)pyridine iron complexes has been computationally elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- China
| | - Han Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- China
| | - Gen Luo
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology
- Anhui University
- Hefei 230601
- China
| | - Xiaohui Kang
- College of Pharmacy
- Dalian Medical University
- Dalian
- China
| | - Yi Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- China
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12
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Diaz C, Mehrkhodavandi P. Strategies for the synthesis of block copolymers with biodegradable polyester segments. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py01534b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Oxygenated block copolymers with biodegradable polyester segments can be prepared in one-pot through sequential or simultaneous addition of monomers. This review highlights the state of the art in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Diaz
- University of British Columbia
- Department of Chemistry
- Vancouver
- Canada
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13
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Deng S, Diaconescu PL. A switchable dimeric yttrium complex and its three catalytic states in ring opening polymerization. Inorg Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qi01479f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A dimeric yttrium phenoxide complex can be oxidized in a stepwise fashion to access three oxidation states. The three states show different activity in the ring opening polymerization of cyclic esters and epoxides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijie Deng
- University of California
- Los Angeles
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Los Angeles
- USA
| | - Paula L. Diaconescu
- University of California
- Los Angeles
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Los Angeles
- USA
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14
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Doerr AM, Burroughs JM, Gitter SR, Yang X, Boydston AJ, Long BK. Advances in Polymerizations Modulated by External Stimuli. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c03802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alicia M. Doerr
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996-1600, United States
| | - Justin M. Burroughs
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996-1600, United States
| | - Sean R. Gitter
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Xuejin Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Andrew J. Boydston
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Brian K. Long
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996-1600, United States
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15
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Diaz C, Tomković T, Goonesinghe C, Hatzikiriakos SG, Mehrkhodavandi P. One-Pot Synthesis of Oxygenated Block Copolymers by Polymerization of Epoxides and Lactide Using Cationic Indium Complexes. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Diaz
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Tanja Tomković
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Chatura Goonesinghe
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Savvas G. Hatzikiriakos
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Parisa Mehrkhodavandi
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
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16
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Andrea KA, Kerton FM. Iron-catalyzed reactions of CO2 and epoxides to yield cyclic and polycarbonates. Polym J 2020. [DOI: 10.1038/s41428-020-00395-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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17
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Mechanism-inspired Design of Heterodinuclear Catalysts for Copolymerization of Epoxide and Lactone. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-020-2413-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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18
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Chen M, Chen C. Controlling the Ring‐Opening Polymerization Process Using External Stimuli. CHINESE J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201900358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Min Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 China
| | - Changle Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 China
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19
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Xu X, Luo G, Hou Z, Diaconescu PL, Luo Y. Theoretical insight into the redox-switchable activity of group 4 metal complexes for the ring-opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone. Inorg Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9qi01466g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
DFT calculations indicate that the Lewis acidity of the catalytic metal center M (Ti, Zr, Hf) explains the redox-switchable activity observed for the ring-opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone by ferrocene derived metal complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- China
| | - Gen Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- China
| | - Zhaomin Hou
- Organometallic Chemistry Laboratory
- RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research
- and Advanced Catalysis Research Group
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science
- Wako
| | - Paula L. Diaconescu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of California
- Los Angeles
- Los Angeles
- USA
| | - Yi Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- China
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20
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Doerr AM, Burroughs JM, Legaux NM, Long BK. Redox-switchable ring-opening polymerization by tridentate ONN-type titanium and zirconium catalysts. Catal Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cy00642d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A study designed to ascertain the impact that ligand symmetry, number of redox-active moieties, and identity of the active metal center have on the catalytic ring-opening polymerization performance of redox-switchable catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Brian K. Long
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Tennessee
- Knoxville
- USA
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21
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Liu Y, Yu HY, Lu XB. Fast Ring‐Opening Polymerization of 1,2‐Disubstituted Epoxides Initiated by a Co
III
‐Salen Complex. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201900377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ye Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine ChemicalsDalian University of Technology 116024 Dalian China
| | - Hui Ying Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine ChemicalsDalian University of Technology 116024 Dalian China
| | - Xiao Bing Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine ChemicalsDalian University of Technology 116024 Dalian China
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22
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan J. Walsh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Michael G. Hyatt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Susannah A. Miller
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Damien Guironnet
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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23
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Liu S, Bai T, Ni K, Chen Y, Zhao J, Ling J, Ye X, Zhang G. Biased Lewis Pairs: A General Catalytic Approach to Ether‐Ester Block Copolymers with Unlimited Ordering of Sequences. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201908904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shan Liu
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 P. R. China
| | - Tianwen Bai
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Kang Ni
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale Department of Chemical Physics University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
| | - Ye Chen
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 P. R. China
| | - Junpeng Zhao
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 P. R. China
| | - Jun Ling
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Xiaodong Ye
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale Department of Chemical Physics University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
| | - Guangzhao Zhang
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 P. R. China
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24
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Liu S, Bai T, Ni K, Chen Y, Zhao J, Ling J, Ye X, Zhang G. Biased Lewis Pairs: A General Catalytic Approach to Ether-Ester Block Copolymers with Unlimited Ordering of Sequences. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:15478-15487. [PMID: 31464086 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201908904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Polymerizing epoxides after cyclic esters remains a major challenge, though their block copolymers have been extensively studied and used for decades. Reported here is a simple catalytic approach based on a metal-free Lewis pair that addresses the challenge. When the Lewis acid is used in excess of a base, selective (transesterification-free) polymerization of epoxides occurs in the presence of esters, while selectivity toward cyclic esters is achieved by an oppositely biased catalyst. Hence, one-pot block copolymerization can be performed in both ester-first and ether-first orders with selectivity being switchable at any stage, yielding ether-ester-type block copolymers with unlimited ordering of sequences as well as widely variable compositions and architectures. The selectivity can also be switched back and forth several times to generate a multiblock copolymer. Experimental and calculational results indicate that the selectivity originates mainly from the state of catalyst-activated hydroxy species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Liu
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Tianwen Bai
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Kang Ni
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Ye Chen
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Junpeng Zhao
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Jun Ling
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Xiaodong Ye
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Guangzhao Zhang
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
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25
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Lai A, Hern ZC, Diaconescu PL. Switchable Ring‐Opening Polymerization by a Ferrocene Supported Aluminum Complex. ChemCatChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201900747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amy Lai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, Los Angeles 607 Charles E. Young Drive East Los Angeles CA 90095 USA
| | - Zachary C. Hern
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, Los Angeles 607 Charles E. Young Drive East Los Angeles CA 90095 USA
| | - Paula L. Diaconescu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, Los Angeles 607 Charles E. Young Drive East Los Angeles CA 90095 USA
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26
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Stößer T, Sulley GS, Gregory GL, Williams CK. Easy access to oxygenated block polymers via switchable catalysis. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2668. [PMID: 31209211 PMCID: PMC6572807 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10481-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxygenated block polyols are versatile, potentially bio-based and/or degradable materials widely applied in the manufacture of coatings, resins, polyurethanes and other products. Typical preparations involve multistep syntheses and/or macroinitiator approaches. Here, a straightforward and well-controlled one-pot synthesis of ABA triblocks, namely poly(ether-b-ester-b-ether), and ABCBA pentablocks, of the form poly(ester-b-ether-b-ester’-b-ether-b-ester), using a commercial chromium catalyst system is described. The polymerization catalysis exploits mechanistic switches between anhydride/epoxide ring-opening copolymerization, epoxide ring-opening polymerization and lactone ring-opening polymerization without requiring any external stimuli. Testing a range of anhydrides, epoxides and chain-transfer agents reveals some of the requirements and guidelines for successful catalysis. Following these rules of switch catalysis with multiple monomer additions allows the preparation of multiblock polymers of the form (ABA)n up to 15 blocks. Overall, this switchable catalysis delivers polyols in a straightforward and highly controlled manner. As proof of potential for the materials, methods to post-functionalize and/or couple the polyols to make higher polymers are demonstrated. Multiblock oxygenated polyols often show better properties than the constituent polyols, but their synthesis can be complex and difficult. Here a switchable catalysis concept is described which allows for the efficient preparation of multiblock poly(ether-b-ester) materials starting from mixtures of common monomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Stößer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Gregory S Sulley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Georgina L Gregory
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Charlotte K Williams
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK.
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27
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Shen Y, Shepard SM, Reed CJ, Diaconescu PL. Zirconium complexes supported by a ferrocene-based ligand as redox switches for hydroamination reactions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:5587-5590. [PMID: 31020301 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc01076a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of (thiolfan*)Zr(NEt2)2 (thiolfan* = 1,1'-bis(2,4-di-tert-butyl-6-thiophenoxy)ferrocene) and its catalytic activity for intramolecular hydroamination are reported. In situ oxidation and reduction of the metal complex results in reactivity towards different substrates. The reduced form of (thiolfan*)Zr(NEt2)2 catalyzes hydroamination reactions of primary aminoalkenes, whereas the oxidized form catalyzes hydroamination reactions of secondary aminoalkenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Shen
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, USA.
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28
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Diaz C, Ebrahimi T, Mehrkhodavandi P. Cationic indium complexes for the copolymerization of functionalized epoxides with cyclic ethers and lactide. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:3347-3350. [PMID: 30815641 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc08858f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
We report the first example of discrete cationic indium complexes for the copolymerization of epoxides, cyclic ethers, and lactide. [SalenIn][SbF6] in particular proved to be a highly active catalyst for the homo-polymerization of functionalized epoxides and their copolymerization with other cyclic ethers THF, oxetane and oxepane. This catalyst also proved competent in the polymerization of epichlorohydrin and lactide, forming copolymers with good activity and control. Investigation of the role of counteranions and solvent donors on the kinetics of polymerization of epoxides revealed a subtle effect of solvents on initiation rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Diaz
- University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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29
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Wei J, Diaconescu PL. Redox-Switchable Ring-Opening Polymerization with Ferrocene Derivatives. Acc Chem Res 2019; 52:415-424. [PMID: 30707548 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.8b00523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Switchable catalysts incorporate stimuli-responsive features and allow synthetic tasks that are difficult or impossible to accomplish in other ways. They mimic biological processes in that they can provide both spatial and temporal control, unlike most reactions promoted by human-made catalysts that usually occur according to carefully optimized conditions. In the area of switchable catalysis, redox-switchable ring-opening polymerization (ROP) has attracted much attention, emerging as a powerful strategy for the development of environmentally friendly biodegradable copolymers, especially those containing blocks with complementary properties. Controlling the sequence and regularity of each copolymeric building block can affect the material properties significantly since they are directly related to the respective microstructures. Such control can be exerted with a well-designed redox-switchable catalyst by timing the oxidation and reduction events. In highly selective systems, one form of the catalyst reacts with a monomer until the redox state of the catalyst is altered, at which point the altered state of the catalyst reacts with another monomer. The reaction time may be varied from one cycle to another to generate various designer multiblock copolymers. The first instance of redox-mediated ROP was described by N. Long and co-workers in 2006. This example, as well as many early reported redox-switchable catalysts, could only achieve an on/off switch of activity toward a single monomer or substrate. However, our efforts brought on a general strategy for designing redox-switchable metal complexes that can catalyze different reactions in two oxidation states. In recent years, our contributions to this research field led to the synthesis of several multiblock copolymers prepared from biorenewable resources. This Account provides an overview of reported redox-switchable polymerization catalysts that allow for complementary reactivity in different oxidation states and highlights the potential of this strategy in preparing biodegradable materials. First, we define the field of redox-switchable catalysis and illustrate the design and significance of our ferrocene-chelating ligands, in which the oxidation state of iron in ferrocene can control the reactivity of the resulting metal complexes remotely. Next, we illustrate recent advances in the synthesis of new biodegradable copolymers including (1) how to tune the activity of the ROP catalysts by exploring various metal centers and ferrocene-based ligand combinations; (2) how to synthesize new multiblock copolymers of cyclic esters, epoxides, and carbonates by redox-switchable ROP; and (3) how to understand the mechanism of these reactions by discussing both experimental and theoretical investigations. By the application and development of redox-switchable strategies, various novel materials and reactions can be expected in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junnian Wei
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Paula L. Diaconescu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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30
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Zhang Z, Xia L, Zeng TY, Wu DC, Zhang WJ, Hong CY, You YZ. Hybrid copolymerization via mechanism interconversion between radical vinyl-addition and anion ring-opening polymerization. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py00230h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Here, we report a new hybrid copolymerization via an interconvertible living free radical and anion ring-opening polymerization mechanism, in which the copolymerization of cyclic monomers and vinyl-type monomers can be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of China Hefei
- Anhui
- China
| | - Lei Xia
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of China Hefei
- Anhui
- China
| | - Tian-You Zeng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of China Hefei
- Anhui
- China
| | - De-Cheng Wu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics & Chemistry
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Science
- Beijing
| | - Wen-Jian Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of China Hefei
- Anhui
- China
| | - Chun-Yan Hong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of China Hefei
- Anhui
- China
| | - Ye-Zi You
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of China Hefei
- Anhui
- China
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31
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Dai R, Diaconescu PL. Investigation of a zirconium compound for redox switchable ring opening polymerization. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:2996-3002. [DOI: 10.1039/c9dt00212j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Redox switchable catalysis with a ferrocene Schiff base zirconium complex allowed the synthesis of diblock and triblock copolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruxi Dai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of California
- Los Angeles
- USA
| | - Paula L. Diaconescu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of California
- Los Angeles
- USA
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32
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Clayman NE, Morris LS, LaPointe AM, Keresztes I, Waymouth RM, Coates GW. Dual catalysis for the copolymerisation of epoxides and lactones. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:6914-6917. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc00493a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Using a dual catalysis approach, epoxide/lactone copolymers were synthesized with control over tacticity, molecular weight, crystallinity, and comonomer content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi E. Clayman
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University
- Stanford
- California 94305-5080
- USA
| | | | - Anne M. LaPointe
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology
- Cornell University
- Ithaca
- USA
| | - Ivan Keresztes
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology
- Cornell University
- Ithaca
- USA
| | - Robert M. Waymouth
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University
- Stanford
- California 94305-5080
- USA
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33
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Xu X, Luo G, Mehmood A, Zhao Y, Zhou G, Hou Z, Luo Y. Theoretical Mechanistic Studies on Redox-Switchable Polymerization of Trimethylene Carbonate Catalyzed by an Indium Complex Bearing a Ferrocene-Based Ligand. Organometallics 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Gen Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Andleeb Mehmood
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Yanan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Guangli Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Zhaomin Hou
- Organometallic Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, and Advanced Catalysis Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yi Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
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34
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Li H, Luo H, Zhao J, Zhang G. Sequence-Selective Terpolymerization from Monomer Mixtures Using a Simple Organocatalyst. ACS Macro Lett 2018; 7:1420-1425. [PMID: 35651231 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.8b00865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
One-step synthesis of block copolymer from mixed monomers is of great interest and challenge. Using a simple non-nucleophilic organobase as the catalyst, we have achieved sequence-selective terpolymerization from a mixture of phthalic anhydride (PA), an epoxide, and rac-lactide (LA). Alcohol-initiated alternating copolymerization of PA and epoxide occurs first and exclusively because PA is substantially more active than LA for reacting with base-activated hydroxyl. When PA is fully consumed, LA polymerizes from the termini of the first block while excess epoxide stays intact because of the mild basicity of the catalyst. The two polymerizations thus occur tandemly, both in chemoselective manners, so that an aromatic-aliphatic block copolyester is generated in this one-step synthesis. The effectiveness and versatility of this approach is demonstrated by the use of ethylene oxide and several monosubstituted epoxides as well as mono-, di-, or tetrahydroxy initiators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Li
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huitong Luo
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junpeng Zhao
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guangzhao Zhang
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, People’s Republic of China
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35
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Sarmah K, Mukhopadhyay S, Maji TK, Pratihar S. Switchable Bifunctional Bistate Reusable ZnO–Cu for Selective Oxidation and Reduction Reaction. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b03785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kasturi Sarmah
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tezpur University, Napaam, Assam−784028, India
| | | | - Tarun K. Maji
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tezpur University, Napaam, Assam−784028, India
| | - Sanjay Pratihar
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tezpur University, Napaam, Assam−784028, India
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36
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A photoswitchable organocatalyst controls trimethylene carbonate and δ-valerolactone copolymerization. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2018; 63:1460-1461. [PMID: 36658825 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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37
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Dai R, Lai A, Alexandrova AN, Diaconescu PL. Geometry Change in a Series of Zirconium Compounds during Lactide Ring-Opening Polymerization. Organometallics 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruxi Dai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Amy Lai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Anastassia N. Alexandrova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Paula L. Diaconescu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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38
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39
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Exploring Oxidation State-Dependent Selectivity in Polymerization of Cyclic Esters and Carbonates with Zinc(II) Complexes. iScience 2018; 7:120-131. [PMID: 30267674 PMCID: PMC6153418 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2018.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutral zinc alkoxide complexes show high activity toward the ring-opening polymerization of cyclic esters and carbonates, to generate biodegradable plastics applicable in several areas. Herein, we use a ferrocene-chelating heteroscorpionate complex in redox-switchable polymerization reactions, and we show that it is a moderately active catalyst for the ring-opening polymerization of L-lactide, ɛ-caprolactone, trimethylene carbonate, and δ-valerolactone. Uniquely for this type of catalyst, the oxidized complex has a similar polymerization activity as the corresponding reduced compound, but displays significantly different rates of reaction in the case of trimethylene carbonate and δ-valerolactone. Investigations of the oxidized compound suggest the presence of an organic radical rather than an Fe(III) complex. Electronic structure and density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed to support the proposed electronic states of the catalytic complex and to help explain the observed reactivity differences. The catalyst was also compared with a monomeric phenoxide complex to show the influence of the phosphine-zinc interaction on catalytic properties. Dimeric and monomeric zinc heteroscorpionate species were prepared Monomeric zinc complex gives irreversible chemical redox and is inactive toward ROP Dimeric zinc complex gives reversible chemical redox and is inactive toward ROP Oxidation of the zinc benzoxide species occurs at the phosphine moiety
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40
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Eisenreich F, Kathan M, Dallmann A, Ihrig SP, Schwaar T, Schmidt BM, Hecht S. A photoswitchable catalyst system for remote-controlled (co)polymerization in situ. Nat Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1038/s41929-018-0091-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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41
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42
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Ortuño MA, Dereli B, Chiaie KRD, Biernesser AB, Qi M, Byers JA, Cramer CJ. The Role of Alkoxide Initiator, Spin State, and Oxidation State in Ring-Opening Polymerization of ε-Caprolactone Catalyzed by Iron Bis(imino)pyridine Complexes. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:2064-2071. [PMID: 29381341 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b02964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Density functional theory (DFT) is employed to characterize in detail the mechanism for the ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of ε-caprolactone catalyzed by iron alkoxide complexes bearing redox-active bis(imino)pyridine ligands. The combination of iron with the non-innocent bis(imino)pyridine ligand permits comparison of catalytic activity as a function of oxidation state (and overall spin state). The reactivities of aryl oxide versus alkoxide initiators for the ROP of ε-caprolactone are also examined. An experimental test of a computational prediction reveals an Fe(III) bis(imino)pyridine bis-neopentoxide complex to be competent for ROP of ε-caprolactone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel A Ortuño
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota , 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Büsra Dereli
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota , 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Kayla R Delle Chiaie
- Eugene F. Merkert Chemistry Center, Department of Chemistry, Boston College , 2609 Beacon Street, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Ashley B Biernesser
- Eugene F. Merkert Chemistry Center, Department of Chemistry, Boston College , 2609 Beacon Street, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Miao Qi
- Eugene F. Merkert Chemistry Center, Department of Chemistry, Boston College , 2609 Beacon Street, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Jeffery A Byers
- Eugene F. Merkert Chemistry Center, Department of Chemistry, Boston College , 2609 Beacon Street, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Christopher J Cramer
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota , 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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43
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Abubekerov M, Wei J, Swartz KR, Xie Z, Pei Q, Diaconescu PL. Preparation of multiblock copolymers via step-wise addition of l-lactide and trimethylene carbonate. Chem Sci 2018; 9:2168-2178. [PMID: 29719690 PMCID: PMC5903370 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc04507g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of up to pentablock copolymers from various combinations of l-lactide and trimethylene carbonate was accomplished using a dinuclear zinc complex, and the physical, thermal, and mechanical properties of the resulting copolymers evaluated.
Poly(l-lactide) (PLA) is a bioderived and biodegradable polymer that has limited applications due to its hard and brittle nature. Incorporation of 1,3-trimethylene carbonate into PLA, in a block copolymer fashion, improves the mechanical properties, while retaining the biodegradability of the polymer, and broadens its range of applications. However, the preparation of 1,3-trimethylene carbonate (TMC)/l-lactide (LA) copolymers beyond diblock and triblock structures has not been reported, with explanations focusing mostly on thermodynamic reasons that impede the copolymerization of TMC after lactide. We discuss the preparation of multiblock copolymers via the ring opening polymerization (ROP) of LA and TMC, in a step-wise addition, by a ferrocene-chelating heteroscorpionate zinc complex, {[fc(PPh2)(BH[(3,5-Me)2pz]2)]Zn(μ-OCH2Ph)}2 ([(fcP,B)Zn(μ-OCH2Ph)]2, fc = 1,1′-ferrocenediyl, pz = pyrazole). The synthesis of up to pentablock copolymers, from various combinations of LA and TMC, was accomplished and the physical, thermal, and mechanical properties of the resulting copolymers evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Abubekerov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California , Los Angeles , CA 90095 , USA .
| | - Junnian Wei
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California , Los Angeles , CA 90095 , USA .
| | - Kevin R Swartz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California , Los Angeles , CA 90095 , USA .
| | - Zhixin Xie
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of California , Los Angeles , CA 90095 , USA
| | - Qibing Pei
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of California , Los Angeles , CA 90095 , USA
| | - Paula L Diaconescu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California , Los Angeles , CA 90095 , USA .
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44
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Abubekerov M, Khan SI, Diaconescu PL. Ferrocene-bis(phosphinimine) Nickel(II) and Palladium(II) Alkyl Complexes: Influence of the Fe–M (M = Ni and Pd) Interaction on Redox Activity and Olefin Coordination. Organometallics 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.7b00626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Abubekerov
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Saeed I. Khan
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Paula L. Diaconescu
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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45
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Quan SM, Wei J, Diaconescu PL. Mechanistic Studies of Redox-Switchable Copolymerization of Lactide and Cyclohexene Oxide by a Zirconium Complex. Organometallics 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.7b00672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M. Quan
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles
E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Junnian Wei
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles
E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Paula L. Diaconescu
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles
E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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46
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Zhang X, Fevre M, Jones GO, Waymouth RM. Catalysis as an Enabling Science for Sustainable Polymers. Chem Rev 2017; 118:839-885. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 472] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyi Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5080, United States
| | - Mareva Fevre
- IBM Research−Almaden, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, California 95120, United States
| | - Gavin O. Jones
- IBM Research−Almaden, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, California 95120, United States
| | - Robert M. Waymouth
- Department
of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5080, United States
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47
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Zhao M, Chen C. Accessing Multiple Catalytically Active States in Redox-Controlled Olefin Polymerization. ACS Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.7b02564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Minhui Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft
Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Changle Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft
Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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48
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Dickie CM, Laughlin AL, Wofford JD, Bhuvanesh NS, Nippe M. Transition metal redox switches for reversible "on/off" and "slow/fast" single-molecule magnet behaviour in dysprosium and erbium bis-diamidoferrocene complexes. Chem Sci 2017; 8:8039-8049. [PMID: 29568452 PMCID: PMC5853775 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc03380j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We present an in-depth experimental study of a new class of heterometallic, redox-switchable single-molecule magnets (SMMs).
Single-molecule magnets (SMMs) are considered viable candidates for next-generation data storage and quantum computing. Systems featuring switchability of their magnetization dynamics are particularly interesting with respect to accessing more complex logic gates and device architectures. Here we show that transition metal based redox events can be exploited to enable reversible switchability of slow magnetic relaxation of magnetically anisotropic lanthanide ions. Specifically, we report anionic homoleptic bis-diamidoferrocene complexes of Dy3+ (oblate) and Er3+ (prolate) which can be reversibly oxidized by one electron to yield their respective charge neutral redox partners (Dy: [1]–, 1; Er: [2]–, 2). Importantly, compounds 1 and 2 are thermally stable which allowed for detailed studies of their magnetization dynamics. We show that the Dy3+[1]–/1 system can function as an “on”/“off” or a “slow”/“fast” redox switchable SMM system in the absence or presence of applied dc fields, respectively. The Er3+ based [2]–/2 system features “on”/“off” switchability of SMM properties in the presence of applied fields. Results from electrochemical investigations, UV-vis-NIR spectroscopy, and 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy indicate the presence of significant electronic communication between the mixed-valent Fe ions in 1 and 2 in both solution and solid state. This comparative evaluation of redox-switchable magnetization dynamics in low coordinate lanthanide complexes may be used as a potential blueprint toward the development of future switchable magnetic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney M Dickie
- Department of Chemistry , Texas A&M University , 3255 TAMU , College Station , TX , 77843 USA .
| | - Alexander L Laughlin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California , 607 Charles E. Young Drive East , Los Angeles , California 90095 , USA
| | - Joshua D Wofford
- Department of Chemistry , Texas A&M University , 3255 TAMU , College Station , TX , 77843 USA .
| | - Nattamai S Bhuvanesh
- Department of Chemistry , Texas A&M University , 3255 TAMU , College Station , TX , 77843 USA .
| | - Michael Nippe
- Department of Chemistry , Texas A&M University , 3255 TAMU , College Station , TX , 77843 USA .
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49
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Delle Chiaie KR, Biernesser AB, Ortuño MA, Dereli B, Iovan DA, Wilding MJT, Li B, Cramer CJ, Byers JA. The role of ligand redox non-innocence in ring-opening polymerization reactions catalysed by bis(imino)pyridine iron alkoxide complexes. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:12971-12980. [PMID: 28932853 DOI: 10.1039/c7dt03067c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The reactivity of iron-based ring opening polymerization catalysts is compared when the catalyst is in three different oxidation states. Formally iron(i) monoalkoxide complexes 3a (p-methoxyphenoxide) and 3b (neopentoxide) supported by bis(imino)pyridine ligands were synthesized and investigated as catalysts for the ring opening polymerization and copolymerization of various monomers. For most monomers, 3a and 3b were superior catalysts compared to analogous, formally iron(ii) and iron(iii) complexes (1a/1b and 2a/2b, respectively) for the ring opening polymerization of various cyclic ester and cyclic carbonate monomers. Experimental and computational investigation into the electronic structures of 3a and 3b revealed that they are most accurately described as containing a high spin iron(ii) center that is antiferromagnetically coupled to a singly reduced bis(imino)pyridine ligand. This electronic structure leads to increased electron density near the metal center without modulating the apparent metal oxidation state, which results in superior catalytic performance for the more highly reduced 3a and 3b compared to the increasingly more oxidized complexes (i.e.1a/1b and 2a/2b, respectively) in ring opening polymerization reactions. These findings have significant ramifications for the emerging field of redox-switchable polymerization catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- K R Delle Chiaie
- Eugene F. Merkert Chemistry Center, Department of Chemistry, Boston College, 2609 Beacon St., Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, USA.
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50
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Pappuru S, Chakraborty D, Ramkumar V, Chand DK. Ring-opening copolymerization of maleic anhydride or L-Lactide with tert-butyl glycidyl ether by using efficient Ti and Zr benzoxazole-substituted 8-Hydroxyquinolinate catalysts. POLYMER 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2017.06.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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