1
|
Wang K, Yan S, Han T, Wu Q, Yan N, Kang M, Ge J, Wang D, Tang BZ. Cascade C-H-Activated Polyannulations toward Ring-Fused Heteroaromatic Polymers for Intracellular pH Mapping and Cancer Cell Killing. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:11788-11801. [PMID: 35736562 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c04032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The development of straightforward and efficient synthetic methods toward ring-fused heteroaromatic polymers with attractive functionalities has great significance in both chemistry and materials science. Herein, we develop a facile cascade C-H-activated polyannulation route that can in situ generate multiple ring-fused aza-heteroaromatic polymers from readily available monomers in an atom-economical manner. A series of complex polybenzimidazole derivatives with high absolute molecular weights of up to 24 000 are efficiently produced in high yields within 2 h. Benefiting from their unique imidazole-containing ring-fused structures with multiple aryl pendants, the obtained polymers show excellent thermal and morphological stability, good solution processability, high refractive index, small chromic dispersion, as well as remarkable acid-base-responsive fluorescence. Taking advantage of the ratiometric fluorescence response of the triphenylamine-substituted heteroaromatic polymer to pH variations, we successfully apply it as a sensitive fluorescence probe for the mapping and quantitative analysis of intracellular pH in live cells. Furthermore, through the simple N-methylation reaction of the ring-fused polybenzimidazoles, diverse azonia-containing polyelectrolytes are readily produced, which can efficiently kill cancer cells via the synergistic effects of dark toxicity and phototoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kang Wang
- Center for AIE Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.,College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Saisai Yan
- Center for AIE Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.,College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Ting Han
- Center for AIE Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Qian Wu
- Center for AIE Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.,Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Neng Yan
- Environment and State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Miaomiao Kang
- Center for AIE Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Jinyin Ge
- Center for AIE Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.,College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Center for AIE Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China.,Shenzhen Institute of Aggregate Science and Technology, School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ahumada JC, Soto JP, Alemán C, Torras J. Synthesis and characterization of a new benzobisoxazole/thiophene derivative polymer and the effect of the substituent on the push/pull properties. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Ahumada
- Departamento de Química Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María Valparaíso Chile
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Barcelona Research Center for Multiscale Science and Engineering Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Escola d'Enginyeria de Barcelona Est (EEBE) Barcelona Spain
| | - Juan Pablo Soto
- Laboratorio de Polímeros, Instituto de Química Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso Valparaíso Chile
| | - Carlos Alemán
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Barcelona Research Center for Multiscale Science and Engineering Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Escola d'Enginyeria de Barcelona Est (EEBE) Barcelona Spain
| | - Juan Torras
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Barcelona Research Center for Multiscale Science and Engineering Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Escola d'Enginyeria de Barcelona Est (EEBE) Barcelona Spain
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kuwabara J, Kanbara T. Step-Economical Synthesis of Conjugated Polymer Materials Composed of Three Components: Donor, Acceptor, and π Units. Macromol Rapid Commun 2020; 42:e2000493. [PMID: 33225550 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202000493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Conjugated polymers have immense potential for their use as semiconducting materials in organic optoelectronic devices. The improvement of synthetic methods for conjugated polymers is important for the practical application of conjugated polymers. For mass production, synthetic methods must be developed by considering the concerns regarding cost and environment. Reduction in the number of synthetic steps is an efficient approach to address these concerns. The utilization of direct CH functionalization is a reasonable strategy in monomer and polymer syntheses, because the prefunctionalization steps for CC bond formation can be eliminated. This review summarizes the recent developments in the efficient syntheses of conjugated polymers as well as their monomers via direct arylation (CH/CX coupling) and cross-dehydrogenative coupling (CH/CH coupling) reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junpei Kuwabara
- Tsukuba Research Center for Energy Materials Science (TREMS), Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8573, Japan
| | - Takaki Kanbara
- Tsukuba Research Center for Energy Materials Science (TREMS), Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8573, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Takagi K, Murakata H, Yamauchi K, Hashimoto K. Cationic polymerization of vinyl monomers using halogen bonding organocatalysts with varied activity. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py01207f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cationic polymerization of vinyl monomers was investigated using non-ionic and ionic halogen bonding organocatalysts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Koji Takagi
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Nagoya Institute of Technology
- Nagoya
- Japan
| | - Hiroto Murakata
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Nagoya Institute of Technology
- Nagoya
- Japan
| | - Koji Yamauchi
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Nagoya Institute of Technology
- Nagoya
- Japan
| | - Kohei Hashimoto
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Nagoya Institute of Technology
- Nagoya
- Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Nitti A, Po R, Bianchi G, Pasini D. Direct Arylation Strategies in the Synthesis of π-Extended Monomers for Organic Polymeric Solar Cells. Molecules 2016; 22:molecules22010021. [PMID: 28035966 PMCID: PMC6155804 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22010021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 12/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
π-conjugated macromolecules for organic polymeric solar cells can be rationally engineered at the molecular level in order to tune the optical, electrochemical and solid-state morphology characteristics, and thus to address requirements for the efficient solid state device implementation. The synthetic accessibility of monomers and polymers required for the device is getting increasing attention. Direct arylation reactions for the production of the π-extended scaffolds are gaining importance, bearing clear advantages over traditional carbon-carbon forming methodologies. Although their use in the final polymerization step is already established, there is a need for improving synthetic accessibility to implement them also in the monomer synthesis. In this review, we discuss recent examples highlighting this useful strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Nitti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli, 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Riccardo Po
- Research Center for Renewable Energies & Environment, Eni spa, Via Giacomo Fauser 4, 28100 Novara, Italy.
| | - Gabriele Bianchi
- Research Center for Renewable Energies & Environment, Eni spa, Via Giacomo Fauser 4, 28100 Novara, Italy.
| | - Dario Pasini
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli, 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
- INSTM Research Unit, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli, 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|