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Rajput SK, Mothika VS. Powders to Thin Films: Advances in Conjugated Microporous Polymer Chemical Sensors. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024; 45:e2300730. [PMID: 38407503 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202300730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Chemical sensing of harmful species released either from natural or anthropogenic activities is critical to ensuring human safety and health. Over the last decade, conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs) have been proven to be potential sensor materials with the possibility of realizing sensing devices for practical applications. CMPs found to be unique among other porous materials such as metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and covalent organic frameworks (COFs) due to their high chemical/thermal stability, high surface area, microporosity, efficient host-guest interactions with the analyte, efficient exciton migration along the π-conjugated chains, and tailorable structure to target specific analytes. Several CMP-based optical, electrochemical, colorimetric, and ratiometric sensors with excellent selectivity and sensing performance were reported. This review comprehensively discusses the advances in CMP chemical sensors (powders and thin films) in the detection of nitroaromatic explosives, chemical warfare agents, anions, metal ions, biomolecules, iodine, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), with simultaneous delineation of design strategy principles guiding the selectivity and sensitivity of CMP. Preceding this, various photophysical mechanisms responsible for chemical sensing are discussed in detail for convenience. Finally, future challenges to be addressed in the field of CMP chemical sensors are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Kumar Rajput
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Kanpur, Kanpur, 208016, India
| | - Venkata Suresh Mothika
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Kanpur, Kanpur, 208016, India
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2
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Quiroz-Arturo H, Reinoso C, Scherf U, Palma-Cando A. Microporous Polymer-Modified Glassy Carbon Electrodes for the Electrochemical Detection of Metronidazole: Experimental and Theoretical Insights. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:180. [PMID: 38251144 PMCID: PMC10819510 DOI: 10.3390/nano14020180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
The persistence and potential toxicity of emergent pollutants pose significant threats to biodiversity and human health, emphasizing the need for sensors capable of detecting these pollutants at extremely low concentrations before treatment. This study focuses on the development of glassy carbon electrodes (GCEs) modified by films of poly-tris(4-(4-(carbazol-9-yl)phenyl)silanol (PTPTCzSiOH), poly-4,4'-Di(carbazol-9-yl)-1,1'-biphenyl (PCBP), and poly-1,3,5-tri(carbazol-9-yl)benzene (PTCB) for the detection of metronidazole (MNZ) in aqueous media. The films were characterized using electrochemical, microscopy, and spectroscopy techniques, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Monomers were electropolymerized through cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry techniques. Computational methods at the B3LYP/def2-TZVP level were employed to investigate the structural and electrochemical properties of the monomers. The electrochemical detection of MNZ utilized the linear sweep voltammetry technique. Surface characterization through SEM and XPS confirmed the proper electrodeposition of polymer films. Notably, MPN-GCEs exhibited higher detection signals compared to bare GCEs up to 3.6 times in the case of PTPTCzSiOH-GCEs. This theoretical study provides insights into the structural, chemical, and electronic properties of the polymers. The findings suggest that polymer-modified GCEs hold promise as candidates for the development of electrochemical sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héctor Quiroz-Arturo
- Grupo de Investigación Aplicada en Materiales y Procesos (GIAMP), School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Yachay Tech University, Hda. San José s/n y Proyecto Yachay, Urcuqui 100115, Ecuador
| | - Carlos Reinoso
- School of Physical Sciences and Nanotechnology, Yachay Tech University, Hda. San José s/n y Proyecto Yachay, Urcuqui 100115, Ecuador
| | - Ullrich Scherf
- Department of Chemistry, Macromolecular Chemistry and Wuppertal Center for Smart Materials @ Systems (CM@S), Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gaußstr. 20, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Alex Palma-Cando
- Grupo de Investigación Aplicada en Materiales y Procesos (GIAMP), School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Yachay Tech University, Hda. San José s/n y Proyecto Yachay, Urcuqui 100115, Ecuador
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3
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Possetto D, Pecnikaj I, Marzari G, Orlandi S, Sereno S, Cavazzini M, Pozzi G, Fungo F. Influence of Polyfluorinated Side Chains and Soft-Template Method on the Surface Morphologies and Hydrophobic Properties of Electrodeposited Films from Fluorene Bridged Dicarbazole Monomers. Chemphyschem 2023; 24:e202200371. [PMID: 36073234 PMCID: PMC10091753 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202200371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
A clear case of relationship between the monomer molecular structure and the capability of tuning the morphology of electrodeposited gas bubbles template polymer thin films is shown. To this end, a series of fluorene-bridged dicarbazole derivatives containing either linear or terminally branched polyfluorinated side chains connected to the fluorene subunit were synthesized and their electrochemical properties were investigated. The new compounds underwent electrochemical polymerization over indium tin oxide electrodes to give hydrophobic films with nanostructural and morphological properties strongly dependent on the nature of the side chains. Gas bubbles templated electropolymerization was next achieved by the addition of tiny amounts of water to the monomer solutions, without using surfactants. Within the investigated set of molecules, the nanostructural properties of the soft-templated films obtained from monomers bearing linear side chains could be fine-tuned by adjusting electrochemical parameters, leading to superhydrophobic surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Possetto
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Tecnologías Energéticas y Materiales AvanzadosIITEMA-UNRC-CONICET) Departamento de QuímicaUniversidad Nacional de Río CuartoAgencia Postal 3X5804BYARío CuartoArgentina
| | - Ilir Pecnikaj
- University of Medicine TiranaDepartment of PharmacyRruga e Dibrës Nr. 371AL1005TiranëAlbania
| | - Gabriela Marzari
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Tecnologías Energéticas y Materiales AvanzadosIITEMA-UNRC-CONICET) Departamento de QuímicaUniversidad Nacional de Río CuartoAgencia Postal 3X5804BYARío CuartoArgentina
| | - Simonetta Orlandi
- CNR Institute of Chemical Sciences and Technologies “Giulio Natta” (CNR SCITEC)UOS Golgi, via Golgi 1920133MilanItaly
| | - Silvia Sereno
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Tecnologías Energéticas y Materiales AvanzadosIITEMA-UNRC-CONICET) Departamento de QuímicaUniversidad Nacional de Río CuartoAgencia Postal 3X5804BYARío CuartoArgentina
| | - Marco Cavazzini
- CNR Institute of Chemical Sciences and Technologies “Giulio Natta” (CNR SCITEC)UOS Golgi, via Golgi 1920133MilanItaly
| | - Gianluca Pozzi
- CNR Institute of Chemical Sciences and Technologies “Giulio Natta” (CNR SCITEC)UOS Golgi, via Golgi 1920133MilanItaly
| | - Fernando Fungo
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Tecnologías Energéticas y Materiales AvanzadosIITEMA-UNRC-CONICET) Departamento de QuímicaUniversidad Nacional de Río CuartoAgencia Postal 3X5804BYARío CuartoArgentina
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4
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Giri A, Patra A. Porous Organic Polymers: Promising Testbed for Heterogeneous Reactive Oxygen Species Mediated Photocatalysis and Nonredox CO 2 Fixation. CHEM REC 2022; 22:e202200071. [PMID: 35675959 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202200071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Catalysts play a pivotal role in achieving the global need for food and energy. In this context, porous organic polymers (POPs) with high surface area, robust architecture, tunable pore size, and chemical functionalities have emerged as promising testbeds for heterogeneous catalysis. Amorphous POPs having functionalized interconnected hierarchical porous structures activate a diverse range of substrates through covalent/non-covalent interactions or act as a host matrix to encapsulate catalytically active metal centers. On the other hand, conjugated POPs have been explored for photoinduced chemical transformations. In this personal account, we have delineated the evolution of various POPs and the specific role of pores and pore functionalities in heterogeneous catalysis. Subsequently, we retrospect our journey over the last ten years towards designing and fabricating amorphous POPs for heterogeneous catalysis, specifically photocatalytic reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated organic transformations and nonredox chemical fixation of CO2 . We have also outlined some of the future avenues of POPs and POP-based hybrid materials for diverse catalytic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arkaprabha Giri
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, 462066, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Abhijit Patra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, 462066, Madhya Pradesh, India
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Anrango-Camacho C, Pavón-Ipiales K, Frontana-Uribe BA, Palma-Cando A. Recent Advances in Hole-Transporting Layers for Organic Solar Cells. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12030443. [PMID: 35159788 PMCID: PMC8840354 DOI: 10.3390/nano12030443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Global energy demand is increasing; thus, emerging renewable energy sources, such as organic solar cells (OSCs), are fundamental to mitigate the negative effects of fuel consumption. Within OSC’s advancements, the development of efficient and stable interface materials is essential to achieve high performance, long-term stability, low costs, and broader applicability. Inorganic and nanocarbon-based materials show a suitable work function, tunable optical/electronic properties, stability to the presence of moisture, and facile solution processing, while organic conducting polymers and small molecules have some advantages such as fast and low-cost production, solution process, low energy payback time, light weight, and less adverse environmental impact, making them attractive as hole transporting layers (HTLs) for OSCs. This review looked at the recent progress in metal oxides, metal sulfides, nanocarbon materials, conducting polymers, and small organic molecules as HTLs in OSCs over the past five years. The endeavors in research and technology have optimized the preparation and deposition methods of HTLs. Strategies of doping, composite/hybrid formation, and modifications have also tuned the optical/electrical properties of these materials as HTLs to obtain efficient and stable OSCs. We highlighted the impact of structure, composition, and processing conditions of inorganic and organic materials as HTLs in conventional and inverted OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinthya Anrango-Camacho
- Grupo de Investigación Aplicada en Materiales y Procesos (GIAMP), School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Yachay Tech University, Hda. San José s/n y Proyecto Yachay, Urcuqui 100119, Ecuador; (C.A.-C.); (K.P.-I.)
| | - Karla Pavón-Ipiales
- Grupo de Investigación Aplicada en Materiales y Procesos (GIAMP), School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Yachay Tech University, Hda. San José s/n y Proyecto Yachay, Urcuqui 100119, Ecuador; (C.A.-C.); (K.P.-I.)
| | - Bernardo A. Frontana-Uribe
- Centro Conjunto de Investigación en Química Sustentable UAEMex-UNAM, Carretera Toluca Atlacomulco, Km 14.5, Toluca 50200, Mexico;
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Alex Palma-Cando
- Grupo de Investigación Aplicada en Materiales y Procesos (GIAMP), School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Yachay Tech University, Hda. San José s/n y Proyecto Yachay, Urcuqui 100119, Ecuador; (C.A.-C.); (K.P.-I.)
- Correspondence:
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6
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Terán-Alcocer Á, Bravo-Plascencia F, Cevallos-Morillo C, Palma-Cando A. Electrochemical Sensors Based on Conducting Polymers for the Aqueous Detection of Biologically Relevant Molecules. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:252. [PMID: 33478121 PMCID: PMC7835872 DOI: 10.3390/nano11010252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Electrochemical sensors appear as low-cost, rapid, easy to use, and in situ devices for determination of diverse analytes in a liquid solution. In that context, conducting polymers are much-explored sensor building materials because of their semiconductivity, structural versatility, multiple synthetic pathways, and stability in environmental conditions. In this state-of-the-art review, synthetic processes, morphological characterization, and nanostructure formation are analyzed for relevant literature about electrochemical sensors based on conducting polymers for the determination of molecules that (i) have a fundamental role in the human body function regulation, and (ii) are considered as water emergent pollutants. Special focus is put on the different types of micro- and nanostructures generated for the polymer itself or the combination with different materials in a composite, and how the rough morphology of the conducting polymers based electrochemical sensors affect their limit of detection. Polypyrroles, polyanilines, and polythiophenes appear as the most recurrent conducting polymers for the construction of electrochemical sensors. These conducting polymers are usually built starting from bifunctional precursor monomers resulting in linear and branched polymer structures; however, opportunities for sensitivity enhancement in electrochemical sensors have been recently reported by using conjugated microporous polymers synthesized from multifunctional monomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Terán-Alcocer
- Grupo de Investigación Aplicada en Materiales y Procesos (GIAMP), School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Yachay Tech University, Hda. San José s/n y Proyecto Yachay, 100119 Urcuquí, Ecuador; (Á.T.-A.); (F.B.-P.)
| | - Francisco Bravo-Plascencia
- Grupo de Investigación Aplicada en Materiales y Procesos (GIAMP), School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Yachay Tech University, Hda. San José s/n y Proyecto Yachay, 100119 Urcuquí, Ecuador; (Á.T.-A.); (F.B.-P.)
| | - Carlos Cevallos-Morillo
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Francisco Viteri s/n y Gato Sobral, 170129 Quito, Ecuador;
| | - Alex Palma-Cando
- Grupo de Investigación Aplicada en Materiales y Procesos (GIAMP), School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Yachay Tech University, Hda. San José s/n y Proyecto Yachay, 100119 Urcuquí, Ecuador; (Á.T.-A.); (F.B.-P.)
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7
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Tent JA, Ammenhäuser R, Braun M, Scherf U. Electrooxidative generation of polymer films from rigid tricarbazole monomers. RSC Adv 2021; 11:4654-4659. [PMID: 35424403 PMCID: PMC8694549 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra09988k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrooxidative generation of microporous thin films. Triphenylene- and triptycene-cored tricarbazoles have been electropolymerized into thin films. For the aTC-based film intrinsic microporosity is observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannis Aron Tent
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal
- Macromolecular Chemistry Group
- Wuppertal Center for Smart Materials and Systems CM@S
- D-42119 Wuppertal
- Germany
| | - Robin Ammenhäuser
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal
- Macromolecular Chemistry Group
- Wuppertal Center for Smart Materials and Systems CM@S
- D-42119 Wuppertal
- Germany
| | - Marco Braun
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal
- Macromolecular Chemistry Group
- Wuppertal Center for Smart Materials and Systems CM@S
- D-42119 Wuppertal
- Germany
| | - Ullrich Scherf
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal
- Macromolecular Chemistry Group
- Wuppertal Center for Smart Materials and Systems CM@S
- D-42119 Wuppertal
- Germany
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8
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Liu Z, Yin Y, Eginligil M, Wang L, Liu J, Huang W. Two-dimensional conjugated microporous polymer films: fabrication strategies and potential applications. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py01368d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
This review describes the latest advances in the preparation and application of two-dimensional conjugated microporous polymers, as well as the future research directions of this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengdong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech)
- Nanjing 211816
- China
| | - Yuhang Yin
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech)
- Nanjing 211816
- China
| | - Mustafa Eginligil
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech)
- Nanjing 211816
- China
| | - Laiyuan Wang
- Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE)
- Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU)
- Xi'an 710072
- China
| | - Juqing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech)
- Nanjing 211816
- China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech)
- Nanjing 211816
- China
- Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE)
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Zhang X, Zhen S, Zhang L, Chai J, Zou L, Xin X, Xu J, Zhang G. The electrosynthesis of highly photofunctional porous polymer PTCPE and the effect of BFEE on its electrochemical polymerization and fluorescence property. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.122731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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10
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Chai J, Zhang Y, Liu F, Zhang H, Zhang X, Xu J, Zhang G. The effect of boron trifluoride diethyl etherate on electrochemical polymerization and surface morphology of conjugated porous polymer poly(4,4′,4″-Tris(9-carbazolyl)triphenylamine). J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2019.113502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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11
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Palma-Cando A, Rendón-Enríquez I, Tausch M, Scherf U. Thin Functional Polymer Films by Electropolymerization. NANOMATERIALS 2019; 9:nano9081125. [PMID: 31382661 PMCID: PMC6723103 DOI: 10.3390/nano9081125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Intrinsically conducting polymers (ICPs) have been widely utilized in organic electronics, actuators, electrochromic devices, and sensors. Many potential applications demand the formation of thin polymer films, which can be generated by electrochemical polymerization. Electrochemical methods are quite powerful and versatile and can be utilized for investigation of ICPs, both for educational purposes and materials chemistry research. In this study, we show that potentiodynamic and potentiostatic techniques can be utilized for generating and characterizing thin polymer films under the context of educational chemistry research and state-of-the-art polymer research. First, two well-known bifunctional monomers (with only two linking sites)-aniline and bithiophene-and their respective ICPs-polyaniline (PANI) and polybithiophene (PBTh)-were electrochemically generated and characterized. Tests with simple electrochromic devices based on PANI and PBTh were carried out at different doping levels, where changes in the UV-VIS absorption spectra and color were ascribed to changes in the polymer structures. These experiments may attract students' interest in the electrochemical polymerization of ICPs as doping/dedoping processes can be easily understood from observable color changes to the naked eye, as shown for the two polymers. Second, two new carbazole-based multifunctional monomers (with three or more linking sites)-tris(4-(carbazol-9-yl)phenyl)silanol (TPTCzSiOH) and tris(3,5-di(carbazol-9-yl)phenyl)silanol (TPHxCzSiOH)-were synthesized to produce thin films of cross-linked polymer networks by electropolymerization. These thin polymer films were characterized by electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM) experiments and nitrogen sorption, and the results showed a microporous nature with high specific surface areas up to 930 m2g-1. PTPHxCzSiOH-modified glassy carbon electrodes showed an enhanced electrochemical response to nitrobenzene as prototypical nitroaromatic compound compared to unmodified glassy carbon electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Palma-Cando
- School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Universidad Yachay Tech, EC100115 Urcuqui, Ecuador.
- Macromolecular Chemistry Group, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gaußstraße 20, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany.
| | - Ibeth Rendón-Enríquez
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Education, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gaußstraße 20, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Michael Tausch
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Education, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gaußstraße 20, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany.
| | - Ullrich Scherf
- Macromolecular Chemistry Group, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gaußstraße 20, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany.
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12
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Suresh VM, Scherf U. Electrochemically Generated Conjugated Microporous Polymer Network Thin Films for Chemical Sensor Applications. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201800207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Venkata M. Suresh
- Macromolecular Chemistry Group; Bergische Universität Wuppertal; Gaußstraße 20 42119 Wuppertal Germany
| | - Ullrich Scherf
- Macromolecular Chemistry Group; Bergische Universität Wuppertal; Gaußstraße 20 42119 Wuppertal Germany
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13
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Chen Q, Han BH. Microporous Polycarbazole Materials: From Preparation and Properties to Applications. Macromol Rapid Commun 2018; 39:e1800040. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201800040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 02/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication; CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience; National Center for Nanoscience and Technology; Beijing 100190 China
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea; Hainan University; Haikou 570228 China
| | - Bao-Hang Han
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication; CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience; National Center for Nanoscience and Technology; Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 China
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14
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Xu L. Design of Open-Shell π-Conjugated Microporous Polymer Film with Super-High Conductivity. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201700600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lai Xu
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM); Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices; Soochow University; 199 Ren'ai Road Suzhou 215123 Jiangsu P. R. China
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15
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Wang Y, Zhang S, Wu J, Liu K, Li D, Meng Q, Zhu G. Electropolymerization Porous Aromatic Framework Film As a Hole-Transport Layer for Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells with Superior Stability. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:43688-43695. [PMID: 29182301 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b14073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
PAF-86 film is electropolymerized (EP) by targeted monomer M1 tethered bifunctional carbozolyl moieties which not only serve in electron donation but also provide effective electrochemical (EC) active sites. The resulting PAF-86 film possesses a fairly compact surface, remarkable stability, efficient hole extraction capacity, and hole-transporting materials (HTMs) for inverted heterojunction perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Likewise, our investigation shows that PAF-86 film based perovskite solar cells (PSCs) retained about 80% power conversion efficiency (PCE) without encapsulation in air, and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) based PSCs devices reduce to 4% under the same conditions. More impressively, the electropolymerization approach is convenient, controlled, and operated at ambient conditions which elude post heat-treatments and are appropriate for industrial application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, Jilin University , Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Shuhao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, Jilin University , Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Jionghua Wu
- Key Laboratory for Renewable Energy (CAS), Beijing Key Laboratory for New Energy Materials and Devices, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
| | - Kuan Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
| | - Dongmei Li
- Key Laboratory for Renewable Energy (CAS), Beijing Key Laboratory for New Energy Materials and Devices, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
| | - Qingbo Meng
- Key Laboratory for Renewable Energy (CAS), Beijing Key Laboratory for New Energy Materials and Devices, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
| | - Guangshan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, Jilin University , Changchun 130012, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate Science of the Ministry of Education, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University , Changchun 130024, China
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16
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Catalyst- and solvent-free, thermal generation of microporous polymer networks. Sci China Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-017-9047-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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17
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Yuan Y, Huang H, Chen L, Chen Y. N,N′-Bicarbazole: A Versatile Building Block toward the Construction of Conjugated Porous Polymers for CO2 Capture and Dyes Adsorption. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b00971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yuan
- Tianjin
Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Department of
Chemistry, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation
Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Hongliang Huang
- State
Key Laboratory of Organic−Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Long Chen
- Tianjin
Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Department of
Chemistry, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation
Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Yulan Chen
- Tianjin
Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Department of
Chemistry, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation
Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, P. R. China
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18
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19
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Chen Z, Chen M, Yu Y, Wu L. Robust synthesis of free-standing and thickness controllable conjugated microporous polymer nanofilms. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:1989-1992. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc09763d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new polymerization strategy based on Sonogashira–Hagihara reaction and Schiff-base reaction at oil–water interfaces is developed to synthesize free-standing and thickness controllable conjugated microporous polymer (CMP) nanofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Chen
- Department of Materials Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200433
- China
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Materials Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200433
- China
| | - Yanlei Yu
- Department of Materials Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200433
- China
| | - Limin Wu
- Department of Materials Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200433
- China
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20
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Chaoui N, Trunk M, Dawson R, Schmidt J, Thomas A. Trends and challenges for microporous polymers. Chem Soc Rev 2017; 46:3302-3321. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00071e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 310] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Recent trends and challenges for the emerging materials class of microporous polymers are reviewed. See the main article for graphical abstract image credits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Chaoui
- Technische Universität Berlin
- Department of Chemistry, Functional Materials
- 10623 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Matthias Trunk
- Technische Universität Berlin
- Department of Chemistry, Functional Materials
- 10623 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Robert Dawson
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Sheffield
- Sheffield
- UK
| | - Johannes Schmidt
- Technische Universität Berlin
- Department of Chemistry, Functional Materials
- 10623 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Arne Thomas
- Technische Universität Berlin
- Department of Chemistry, Functional Materials
- 10623 Berlin
- Germany
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21
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Liu H, Li Q, Li Q, Jin W, Li X, Hameed A, Qiao S. Rational skeletal rigidity of conjugated microporous polythiophenes for gas uptake. Polym Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py01268c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A step by step increase of the skeleton rigidity of the polythiophene networks P-TTT, P-THIDT and P-DTBDT by monomer design. The monomers’ rigidity had intense influence on the stacking morphology and porosity structure of the obtained polythiophenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haining Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology
- CAS Center for Excellence in NanoscienceNational Center for Nanoscience and Technology
- Beijing 100190
- P. R. China
| | - Qing Li
- Institute of Chemical Industry and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Hebei University of Science and Technology
- Shijiazhuang 050000
- China
| | - Qiqi Li
- Institute of Chemical Industry and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Hebei University of Science and Technology
- Shijiazhuang 050000
- China
| | - Wang Jin
- Institute of Chemical Industry and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Hebei University of Science and Technology
- Shijiazhuang 050000
- China
| | - Xiaoming Li
- Institute of Chemical Industry and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Hebei University of Science and Technology
- Shijiazhuang 050000
- China
| | - Abdul Hameed
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology
- CAS Center for Excellence in NanoscienceNational Center for Nanoscience and Technology
- Beijing 100190
- P. R. China
| | - Shanlin Qiao
- Institute of Chemical Industry and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Hebei University of Science and Technology
- Shijiazhuang 050000
- China
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