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Timmermans B, De Winter J, Gerbaux P, Koeckelberghs G. The expression of chirality in linked poly(thiophene)s. Chirality 2023; 35:355-364. [PMID: 36843149 DOI: 10.1002/chir.23548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
Conjugated polymers have demonstrated to express chirality, for instance, by strong circular dichroism (CD). However, the shape and intensity of the spectra can be quite different and are very difficult to predict. Molecular irregularity, star-shapes, and linking polymers have demonstrated to affect the CD, often in a positive way. In this research, we design two different chiral arms, in which the molecular irregularity results in a significantly different CD. Next, the arms are coupled to a linear core in all possible combinations. In this way, we demonstrate that rather small irregularities and linking arms to a central core increases CD, whereas heterogenous combinations result in smaller CD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julien De Winter
- Organic Synthesis and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Center of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP), Mendeleiev Building, University of Mons-UMONS, Mons, Belgium
| | - Pascal Gerbaux
- Organic Synthesis and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Center of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP), Mendeleiev Building, University of Mons-UMONS, Mons, Belgium
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2
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Wang K, Shi Y, Li Z. Colorful Luminescence of Conjugated Polyelectrolytes Induced by Molecular Weight. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14245372. [PMID: 36559738 PMCID: PMC9785289 DOI: 10.3390/polym14245372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to their distinctive intrinsic advantages, the nanoaggregates of conjugated polyelectrolytes (CPEs) are fascinating and attractive for various luminescence applications. Generally, the emission luminescence of CPEs is determined by the conjugated backbone structure, i.e., different conjugated backbones of CPEs produce emission luminescence with different emission wavelength bands. Here, we polymerized the bis(boronic ester) of benzothiadiazole and an alkyl sulfonate sodium-substituted dibromobenzothiatriazole to provide PBTBTz-SO3Na with different molecular weights via controlling the ratio of the monomer and the catalyst. Theoretically, the CPEs with the same molecular structure usually display similar photoelectronic performances. However, the resulting PBTBTz-SO3Na reveal a similar light absorption property, but different luminescence. The higher molecular weight is, the stronger the fluorescence intensity of PBTBTz-SO3Na that occurs. PBTBTz-SO3Na with different molecular weights have different colors of luminescence. It is well known that the molecular aggregates often led to weaker luminescent properties for most of the conjugated polymers. However, PBTBTz-SO3Na exhibits a higher molecular weight with an increasing molecular chain aggregation, i.e., the nanoaggregates of PBTBTz-SO3Na are beneficial to emission luminescence. This work provides a new possible chemical design of CPEs with a controllable, variable luminescence for further optoelectronics and biomedicine applications.
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3
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Sumitomo K, Sudo Y, Kanazawa K, Kawabata K, Takimiya K. Enantiopure 2-(2-ethylhexyl)dinaphtho[2,3- b:2',3'- f]thieno[3,2- b]thiophenes: synthesis, single-crystal structure and a surprising lack of influence of stereoisomerism on thin-film structure and electronic properties. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2022; 9:444-451. [PMID: 34788783 DOI: 10.1039/d1mh01119g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Starting from a chiral resolution of 2-ethylhexanoic acid followed by conversions of functional groups without interfering with the enantiopurity, we have successfully introduced an enantiopure 2-ethylhexyl group on to dinaphtho[2,3-b:2',3'-f]thieno[3,2-b]thiophene (DNTT) via a Negishi-coupling reaction to synthesize 2-(R)-(2-ethylhexyl)- and 2-(S)-(2-ethylhexyl)-DNTT (R- and S-EH-DNTT, respectively). Then, the crystallinities, thin-film structures, and the organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) based on R-, S- and racemic EH-DNTT (rac-EH-DNTT) were studied to elucidate the effect of stereoisomerism in the 2-ethylhexyl group. The crystal structures of the R- and S-EH-DNTTs are classified as herringbone packing and contain two crystallographically independent molecules connected by edge-to-face CH-π intermolecular interactions, and the molecules' directly opposite directions avoid steric repulsion between the 2-ethylhexyl groups. Thin films of the EH-DNTTs fabricated using both the spin-coating and vacuum-deposition methods were revealed to have similar but slightly different packing structures to that in the single crystal. Intriguingly, the packing structures in the thin-film state depend on the deposition method, and not on the stereoisomers of EH-DNTT. Consistent with the packing structures in the thin-film state, the performance of OFETs based on the thin films of the R-, S- and rac-EH-DNTTs were affected by the deposition method, and not by the stereoisomerism. This means that the stereoisomerism in the alkyl side chain has a marginal effect on the packing structure and electronic properties in the thin-film state. This is endorsed by the theoretical calculations using the functional-group symmetry-adapted perturbation theory (F-SAPT), which indicated that the intermolecular interactions between the DNTT cores are dominant in the total intermolecular interaction energies, and implies that the crystallization process in the thin-film deposition could be governed by intermolecular interactions between the DNTT cores. We conclude that in 2-ethylhexyl-substituted organic semiconductors with a large and highly aggregative π-conjugated core, like EH-DNTT, the enantiopurity in the 2-ethylhexyl group does not significantly affect the thin-film structure and thus the performance of thin-film OFETs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Sumitomo
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan.
| | - Yuta Sudo
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan.
| | - Kiseki Kanazawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan.
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Kohsuke Kawabata
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan.
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Kazuo Takimiya
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan.
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University (WPI-AIMR), 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan
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4
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Wang K, Xiao Y. Chirality in polythiophenes: A review. Chirality 2021; 33:424-446. [PMID: 34165198 DOI: 10.1002/chir.23333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Chiroptical polythiophene (PTh), as one of the most important chiral conductive polymers, is an emerging and hot topic in chiral materials, which shows great application potentials in fields as diverse as chiral sensing and separation, asymmetry catalysis, chiroptoelectronics, and even chiro-spintronics. This review summarizes progress in chiral polythiophenes (PThs) in the past 10 years, including the synthesis, properties and applications. Main focus is placed on the manner in which chirality is implemented and the optical activity of the chiral PThs. We showcase examples in which the chirality of PThs is induced by side chain substituents with point, planar, and axial chirality or arises from external chiral media. Application of chiral PThs is also included. Finally, perspectives for further development are offered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Functional Fine Chemicals, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yin Xiao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Functional Fine Chemicals, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
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5
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Albano G, Pescitelli G, Di Bari L. Chiroptical Properties in Thin Films of π-Conjugated Systems. Chem Rev 2020; 120:10145-10243. [PMID: 32892619 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Chiral π-conjugated molecules provide new materials with outstanding features for current and perspective applications, especially in the field of optoelectronic devices. In thin films, processes such as charge conduction, light absorption, and emission are governed not only by the structure of the individual molecules but also by their supramolecular structures and intermolecular interactions to a large extent. Electronic circular dichroism, ECD, and its emission counterpart, circularly polarized luminescence, CPL, provide tools for studying aggregated states and the key properties to be sought for designing innovative devices. In this review, we shall present a comprehensive coverage of chiroptical properties measured on thin films of organic π-conjugated molecules. In the first part, we shall discuss some general concepts of ECD, CPL, and other chiroptical spectroscopies, with a focus on their applications to thin film samples. In the following, we will overview the existing literature on chiral π-conjugated systems whose thin films have been characterized by ECD and/or CPL, as well other chiroptical spectroscopies. Special emphasis will be put on systems with large dissymmetry factors (gabs and glum) and on the application of ECD and CPL to derive structural information on aggregated states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluigi Albano
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Gennaro Pescitelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Di Bari
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
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Amna B, Siddiqi HM, Hassan A, Ozturk T. Recent developments in the synthesis of regioregular thiophene-based conjugated polymers for electronic and optoelectronic applications using nickel and palladium-based catalytic systems. RSC Adv 2020; 10:4322-4396. [PMID: 35495258 PMCID: PMC9049189 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra09712k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Thiophene-based conjugated polymers are important conjugated polymers due to their exceptional optical and conductive properties, over the past few decades many researchers have designed novel strategies to reach more efficient materials for electronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibi Amna
- Department of Chemistry
- Quaid-i-Azam University
- Islamabad 45320
- Pakistan
- Istanbul Technical University
| | | | - Abbas Hassan
- Department of Chemistry
- Quaid-i-Azam University
- Islamabad 45320
- Pakistan
| | - Turan Ozturk
- Istanbul Technical University
- Department of Chemistry
- 34469 Maslak
- Turkey
- TUBITAK-UME
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7
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Worch JC, Prydderch H, Jimaja S, Bexis P, Becker ML, Dove AP. Stereochemical enhancement of polymer properties. Nat Rev Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1038/s41570-019-0117-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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8
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Pop F, Zigon N, Avarvari N. Main-Group-Based Electro- and Photoactive Chiral Materials. Chem Rev 2019; 119:8435-8478. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Pop
- Laboratoire MOLTECH-Anjou,
UMR 6200 CNRS-Université d’Angers, UFR Sciences, Bât. K, 2 Bd. Lavoisier, 49045 Angers Cedex, France
| | - Nicolas Zigon
- Laboratoire MOLTECH-Anjou,
UMR 6200 CNRS-Université d’Angers, UFR Sciences, Bât. K, 2 Bd. Lavoisier, 49045 Angers Cedex, France
| | - Narcis Avarvari
- Laboratoire MOLTECH-Anjou,
UMR 6200 CNRS-Université d’Angers, UFR Sciences, Bât. K, 2 Bd. Lavoisier, 49045 Angers Cedex, France
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9
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Xu J. Control over chiroptical and electronic properties of poly(9,9′-bifluorenylidene) bearing chiral side chains. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py01033e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The introduction of chiral side chains at peripheral positions of the 9,9′-bifluorenylidene moiety causes an efficient bias to its dynamic molecular helicity, which helps control the chiroptical and electronic properties of resultant polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjia Xu
- Molecular Design and Function Group
- National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS)
- Tsukuba
- Japan
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering
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10
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Ibanez JG, Rincón ME, Gutierrez-Granados S, Chahma M, Jaramillo-Quintero OA, Frontana-Uribe BA. Conducting Polymers in the Fields of Energy, Environmental Remediation, and Chemical–Chiral Sensors. Chem Rev 2018; 118:4731-4816. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 264] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge G. Ibanez
- Departamento de Ingeniería y Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Iberoamericana, Prolongación Paseo de la Reforma 880, 01219 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Marina. E. Rincón
- Instituto de Energías Renovables, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 34, 62580, Temixco, MOR, Mexico
| | - Silvia Gutierrez-Granados
- Departamento de Química, DCNyE, Campus Guanajuato, Universidad de Guanajuato, Cerro de la Venada S/N, Pueblito
de Rocha, 36080 Guanajuato, GTO Mexico
| | - M’hamed Chahma
- Laurentian University, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Sudbury, ON P3E2C6, Canada
| | - Oscar A. Jaramillo-Quintero
- CONACYT-Instituto de Energías Renovables, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 34, 62580 Temixco, MOR, Mexico
| | - Bernardo A. Frontana-Uribe
- Centro Conjunto de Investigación en Química Sustentable, UAEM-UNAM, Km 14.5 Carretera Toluca-Ixtlahuaca, Toluca 50200, Estado de México Mexico
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito
exterior Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 Ciudad de México, Mexico
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11
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12
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Li RH, Ding ZC, Li CY, Chen JJ, Zhou YB, An XM, Ding YJ, Zhan ZP. Thiophene-Alkyne-Based CMPs as Highly Selective Regulators for Oxidative Heck Reaction. Org Lett 2017; 19:4432-4435. [PMID: 28809502 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b01858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Thiophenes containing an adjacent C≡C group as ligands for PdII-promoted organic reactions are reported for the first time. These ligands were utilized as catalytic sites and integrated into the skeleton of conjugated microporous polymers. By employing these CMP materials as selective regulators, oxidative Heck reactions between arylboronic esters and electronically unbiased alkenes provide highly selective linear products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren-Hao Li
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Zong-Cang Ding
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Cun-Yao Li
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian 116023, China
| | - Jun-Jia Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yun-Bing Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xiao-Ming An
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yun-Jie Ding
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian 116023, China
| | - Zhuang-Ping Zhan
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005, China
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