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Mijangos C, Martin J. Polymerization within Nanoporous Anodized Alumina Oxide Templates (AAO): A Critical Survey. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15030525. [PMID: 36771824 PMCID: PMC9919978 DOI: 10.3390/polym15030525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last few years, the polymerization of monomers within the nanocavities of porous materials has been thoroughly studied and developed, allowing for the synthesis of polymers with tailored morphologies, chemical architectures and functionalities. This is thus a subject of paramount scientific and technological relevance, which, however, has not previously been analyzed from a general perspective. The present overview reports the state of the art on polymerization reactions in spatial confinement within porous materials, focusing on the use of anodized aluminum oxide (AAO) templates. It includes the description of the AAO templates used as nanoreactors. The polymerization reactions are categorized based on the polymerization mechanism. Amongst others, this includes electrochemical polymerization, free radical polymerization, step polymerization and atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). For each polymerization mechanism, a further subdivision is made based on the nature of the monomer used. Other aspects of "in situ" polymerization reactions in restricted AAO geometries include: conversion monitoring, kinetic studies, modeling and polymer characterization. In addition to the description of the polymerization process itself, the use of polymer materials derived from polymerization in AAO templates in nanotechnology applications, is also highlighted. Finally, the review is concluded with a general discussion outlining the challenges that remain in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Mijangos
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, ICTP-CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
- Donostia International Physics Center, DIPC, Paseo de Manuel Lardizabal 4, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Avenida Tolosa 72, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Jaime Martin
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Avenida Tolosa 72, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
- Grupo de Polímeros, Centro de Investigacións Tecnolóxicas (CIT), Universidade da Coruña, 15471 Ferrol, Spain
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2
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Zhang J, Zhao H, Gong M, Zhang L, Yan Z, Xie K, Fei G, Zhu X, Kong M, Zhang S, Zhang L, Lei Y. Revealing the truncated conical geometry of nanochannels in anodic aluminium oxide membranes. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:5356-5368. [PMID: 35293409 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr01006b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Anodic aluminium oxide (AAO) membranes with self-ordered nanochannels have become promising candidates for applications in the aspects such as structural coloration, photonic crystals, upconversion luminescence and nanofluidic transport. Also, self-ordered AAO membranes have been extensively used for the fabrication of functional nanostructures such as nanowires, nanotubes, nanoparticles, nanorods and nanopillars. Geometries of nanochannels are crucial for the applications of AAO membranes as well as controlling growth (e.g., nucleation, direction and morphology) and in applications (e.g., optics, magnetics, thermoelectrics, biology, medicine, sensing, and energy conversion and storage) of the functional nanostructures fabricated via AAO template-based methods. However, observation of whole nanochannels with nanometer-resolution in thick AAO membranes remains a fundamental challenge, and the nanochannel geometry has not yet been sufficiently elucidated. Here, for the first time, we use depth-profiling transmission electron microscopy to reveal the truncated conical geometry of whole nanochannels of 70 μm in length. Such shape nonuniformity of the nanochannels leads to different reflectance properties of the different depths of the nanochannels along their long axis for one AAO membrane, which suggests that the nonuniformity result in some effects on applications of the nanostructures. Furthermore, we introduce a shape factor to evaluate the shape nonuniformity and demonstrate that the nonuniformity can be remarkably removed by an effective etching method based on a temperature gradient regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxi Zhang
- School of Instrument Science and Opto-electronics Engineering, Anhui Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials and Devices, and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Measuring Theory and Precision Instrument, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China.
| | - Huaping Zhao
- Institute of Physics & IMN MacroNano, Ilmenau University of Technology, Ilmenau 98693, Germany.
| | - Ming Gong
- Laboratory of Engineering and Material Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Lide Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Zhijun Yan
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Kang Xie
- School of Opto-Electronic Engineering, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang 277160, Shandong, China
| | - Guangtao Fei
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Xiaoguang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Mingguang Kong
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Shuyuan Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Aston Institute of Photonic Technologies, School of Engineering & Applied Science, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
| | - Yong Lei
- Institute of Physics & IMN MacroNano, Ilmenau University of Technology, Ilmenau 98693, Germany.
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3
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León-Boigues L, Navarro R, Mijangos C. Free radical nanocopolymerization in AAO porous materials: Kinetic, copolymer composition and monomer reactivity ratios. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.123989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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4
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León-Boigues L, Pérez LA, Mijangos C. In Situ Synthesis of Poly(butyl methacrylate) in Anodic Aluminum Oxide Nanoreactors by Radical Polymerization: A Comparative Kinetics Analysis by Differential Scanning Calorimetry and 1H-NMR. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13040602. [PMID: 33671387 PMCID: PMC7923008 DOI: 10.3390/polym13040602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, we explore the ability to generate well-defined poly(butyl methacrylate) (PBMA) nanostructures by “in situ” polymerization of butyl methacrylate monomer (BMA). PBMA nanostructures of high and low aspect ratios have been successfully obtained through the free radical polymerization (FRP) of a BMA monomer in anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) nanoreactors of suitable size. A polymerization kinetics process has been followed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy (1H-NMR).The determination of the kinetics of polymerization through DSC is based on a quick and direct analysis of the exothermic polymerization process, whereas the analysis through 1H-NMR also allows the unambiguous chemical analysis of the resulting polymer. When compared to bulk polymerization, both techniques demonstrate confinement effects. Moreover, DSC and 1H-NMR analysis give the same kinetics results and show a gel-effect in all the cases. The number average molecular weight (Mn) of the PBMA obtained in AAO of 60–300 nm are between 30·103–175·103 g/mol. Even if the Mn value is lower with respect to that obtained in bulk polymerization, it is high enough to maintain the polymer properties. As determined by SEM morphological characterization, once extracted from the AAO nanoreactor, the polymer nanostructures show controlled homogeneous aspect/size all throughout the length of nanopillar over a surface area of few cm2. The Young’s modulus of low aspect ratio PBMA nanopillars determined by AFM gives a value of 3.1 ± 1.1 MPa. In this work, a 100% of PBMA polymer nanostructures are obtained from a BMA monomer in AAO templates through a quick double process: 30 min of monomer immersion at room temperature and 90 min of polymerization reaction at 60 °C. While the same nanostructures are obtained by polymer infiltration of PBMA at 200 °C in about 6 h, polymerization conditions are much softer than those corresponding to the polymer infiltration process. Furthermore, the 1H-NMR technique has been consolidated as a tool for studying the kinetics of the copolymerization reactions in confinement and the determination of monomer reactivity ratios.
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5
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Resende PM, Gutiérrez-Fernández E, Aguirre MH, Nogales A, Martín-González M. Polyethylene three-dimensional nano-networks: How lateral chains affect metamaterial formation. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.123145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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6
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Nano-, helical conducting poly(3-methylthiophene) prepared by one-step electro-deposition using cholesteric liquid crystal and anodic aluminum oxide as dual templates. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.114974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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7
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Saadat Y, Kim K, Foudazi R. Initiator-dependent kinetics of lyotropic liquid crystal-templated thermal polymerization. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00127b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we show that how the locus of initiation can change kinetics and mechanical properties of polymerized lyotropic liquid crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younes Saadat
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering
- New Mexico State University
- Las Cruces
- USA
| | - Kyungtae Kim
- Materials Physics and Applications Division
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies
- Los Alamos National Laboratory
- Los Alamos
- USA
| | - Reza Foudazi
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering
- New Mexico State University
- Las Cruces
- USA
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Galukhin A, Taimova G, Nosov R, Liavitskaya T, Vyazovkin S. Polymerization Kinetics of Cyanate Ester Confined to Hydrophilic Nanopores of Silica Colloidal Crystals with Different Surface-Grafted Groups. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2329. [PMID: 33053812 PMCID: PMC7601451 DOI: 10.3390/polym12102329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the kinetics of confined polymerization of bisphenol E cyanate ester in the nanopores of the three types of silica colloidal crystals that differ in the concentration and acidity of the surface-grafted proton-donor groups. In all three types of pores, the polymerization has released less heat and demonstrated a very similar significant acceleration as compared to the bulk process. Isoconversional kinetic analysis of the differential scanning calorimetry measurements has revealed that the confinement causes not only a dramatic change in the Arrhenius parameters, but also in the reaction model of the polymerization process. The obtained results have been explained by the active role of the silica surface that can adsorb the residual phenols and immobilize intermediate iminocarbonate products by reaction of the monomer molecules with the surface silanols. The observed acceleration has been quantified by introducing a new isoconversional-isothermal acceleration factor Zα,T that affords comparing the process rates at respectively identical conversions and temperatures. In accord with this factor, the confined polymerization is 15-30 times faster than that in bulk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Galukhin
- Alexander Butlerov Institute of Chemistry, Kazan Federal University, Kremlevskaya Str. 18, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (G.T.); (R.N.)
| | - Guzel Taimova
- Alexander Butlerov Institute of Chemistry, Kazan Federal University, Kremlevskaya Str. 18, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (G.T.); (R.N.)
| | - Roman Nosov
- Alexander Butlerov Institute of Chemistry, Kazan Federal University, Kremlevskaya Str. 18, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (G.T.); (R.N.)
| | - Tatsiana Liavitskaya
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 901 S. 14th Street, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA;
| | - Sergey Vyazovkin
- Alexander Butlerov Institute of Chemistry, Kazan Federal University, Kremlevskaya Str. 18, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (G.T.); (R.N.)
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 901 S. 14th Street, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA;
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9
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Tian Q, Zhao H, Simon SL. Kinetic study of alkyl methacrylate polymerization in nanoporous confinement over a broad temperature range. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.122868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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10
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Guo J, Jian J, Wang D, Zhang X. Controlling amplified spontaneous emission of quantum dots by polymerized nanostructure interfaces. OPTICS LETTERS 2020; 45:4385-4388. [PMID: 32796964 DOI: 10.1364/ol.396264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We report a new polymer/colloidal-quantum-dot (CQD) film with a nanostructured interface, which is fabricated through a template-assisted photopolymerization method, toward the use of amplified spontaneous emission. It is experimentally demonstrated that the amplified spontaneous emission of CQDs is able to be manipulated by changing the nanostructured polymeric interface with a weak scattering ability. The dependences of emission wavelength and threshold on the size of the nanostructure and CQD layer thickness are investigated.
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11
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Bayat H, Raoufi M, Zamrik I, Schönherr H. Poly(diethylene glycol methylether methacrylate) Brush-Functionalized Anodic Alumina Nanopores: Curvature-Dependent Polymerization Kinetics and Nanopore Filling. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:2663-2672. [PMID: 32073275 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b03700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We report on the synthesis and characterization of poly(diethylene glycol methylether methacrylate) (PDEGMA) brushes by surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization inside ordered cylindrical nanopores of anodic aluminum oxide with different pore radii between 20 and 185 nm. In particular, the dependence of polymerization kinetics and the degree of pore filling on the interfacial curvature were analyzed. On the basis of field emission scanning electron microscopy data and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), it was concluded that the polymerization rate was faster at the pore orifice compared to the pore interior and also as compared to the analogous reaction carried out on flat aluminum oxide substrates. The apparent steady-state polymerization rate near the orifice increased with decreasing pore size. Likewise, the overall apparent polymerization rate estimated from TGA data indicated stronger confinement for pores with increased curvature as well as increased mass transport limitations due to the blockage of the pore orifice. Only for pores with a diameter to length ratio of ∼1, PDEGMA brushes were concluded to grow uniformly with constant thickness. However, because of mass transport limitations in longer pores, incomplete pore filling was observed, which leads presumably to a PDEGMA gradient brush. This study contributes to a better understanding of polymer brush-functionalized nanopores and the impact of confinement, in which the control of polymer brush thickness together with grafting density along the nanopores is key for applications of PDEGMA brushes confined inside nanopores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haider Bayat
- Physical Chemistry I & Research Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering (Cμ), Department of Chemistry and Biology, School of Science and Technology, University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, 57076 Siegen, Germany
| | - Mohammad Raoufi
- Physical Chemistry I & Research Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering (Cμ), Department of Chemistry and Biology, School of Science and Technology, University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, 57076 Siegen, Germany
| | - Imad Zamrik
- Physical Chemistry I & Research Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering (Cμ), Department of Chemistry and Biology, School of Science and Technology, University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, 57076 Siegen, Germany
| | - Holger Schönherr
- Physical Chemistry I & Research Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering (Cμ), Department of Chemistry and Biology, School of Science and Technology, University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, 57076 Siegen, Germany
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12
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Tom JC, Appel C, Andrieu-Brunsen A. Fabrication and in situ functionalisation of mesoporous silica films by the physical entrapment of functional and responsive block copolymer structuring agents. SOFT MATTER 2019; 15:8077-8083. [PMID: 31583395 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm00872a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive mesoporous silica films were prepared by evaporation-induced self-assembly through the physical entrapment of a functional block copolymer structuring agent, which simultaneously serves to functionalise the mesopore. These polymer-silica hybrid materials exhibit remarkable ionic permselectivity under highly filled conditions, and offer the potential for local polymer functionalisation for enhanced and tunable ionic permselectivity. This innovative and simple approach for the in situ functionalisation of mesoporous silica has the potential to improve how we approach the design of complex architectures at the nanoscale for enhanced transport, and is thus relevant for a variety of technologies based on molecular transport in nanoscale pores including separation, sensing, catalysis, and energy conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica C Tom
- Ernst-Berl Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 12, Darmstadt 64287, Germany
| | - Christian Appel
- Institute of Condensed Matter Physics, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Hochschulstraße 8, Darmstadt 64289, Germany.
| | - Annette Andrieu-Brunsen
- Ernst-Berl Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 12, Darmstadt 64287, Germany
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13
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Qavi S, Bandegi A, Firestone M, Foudazi R. Polymerization in soft nanoconfinement of lamellar and reverse hexagonal mesophases. SOFT MATTER 2019; 15:8238-8250. [PMID: 31576891 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm01565e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This work describes the kinetics of thermal polymerization in nanoconfined domains of lyotropic liquid crystal (LLC) templates by using chemorheological studies at different temperatures. We investigate lamellar and reverse hexagonal LLC phases with the same concentration of the monomeric phase. Results show that the mesophase structures remain intact during thermal polymerization with very slight changes in the domain size. The polymerization rate decreases in the nanoconfined structure compared to the bulk state due to the segregation effect, which increases the local monomer concentration and enhances the termination rate. Additionally, the polymerization rate is faster in the studied reverse hexagonal systems compared to the lamellar ones due to their lower degree of confinement. A higher degree of confinement also induces a lower monomer conversion. Differential scanning calorimetry confirms the obtained results from chemorheology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Qavi
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA.
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14
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Tsagkalias IS, Vlachou A, Verros GD, Achilias DS. Effect of Graphene oxide or Functionalized Graphene Oxide on the Copolymerization Kinetics of Styrene/n-butyl Methacrylate. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11060999. [PMID: 31167490 PMCID: PMC6630914 DOI: 10.3390/polym11060999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanocomposite materials based on copolymers of styrene and n-butyl methacrylate with either graphene oxide (GO) or functionalized graphene oxide (F-GO) were synthesized using the in-situ bulk radical copolymerization technique. Reaction kinetics was studied both experimentally and theoretically using a detailed kinetic model also taking into account the effect of diffusion-controlled phenomena on the reaction kinetic rate constants. It was found that the presence of GO results in lower polymerization rates accompanied by the synthesis of copolymers having higher average molecular weights. In contrast, the presence of F-GO did not seem to significantly alter the conversion vs time curves, whereas it results in slightly lower average molecular weights. The first observation was attributed to side reactions of the initiator primary radicals with the hydroxyl groups on the surface of GO, resulting in lower initiator efficiency, whereas the second to grafted structures formed from copolymer macromolecules on the F-GO surface. The copolymerization model predictions including MWD data were found to be in satisfactory agreement with the experimental data. At least four adjustable parameters were employed and their best-fit values were provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis S Tsagkalias
- Laboratory of Polymer and Dyes Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Afrodite Vlachou
- Laboratory of Polymer and Dyes Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - George D Verros
- Laboratory of Polymer and Dyes Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Dimitris S Achilias
- Laboratory of Polymer and Dyes Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece.
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15
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Tarnacka M, Maksym P, Zięba A, Mielańczyk A, Geppert-Rybczyńska M, Leon-Boigues L, Mijangos C, Kamiński K, Paluch M. The application of spatially restricted geometries as a unique route to produce well-defined poly(vinyl pyrrolidones) via free radical polymerisation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:6441-6444. [PMID: 31098603 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc02625h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report, for the first time, the metal-free green synthesis of linear poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) homopolymers of molecular weight higher than 100 kg mol-1 and narrow dispersities via thermal and photo-induced free radical polymerisation carried out within alumina nanoporous membranes acting as "nanoreactors".
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Tarnacka
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, ul. Uniwersytecka 4, 40-007 Katowice, Poland.
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16
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León-Boigues L, von Bilderling C, Pietrasanta LI, Azzaroni O, Giussi JM, Mijangos C. A Patterned Butyl Methacrylate- co-2-Hydroxyethyl Acrylate Copolymer with Softening Surface and Swelling Capacity. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E290. [PMID: 30960274 PMCID: PMC6419064 DOI: 10.3390/polym11020290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The tunable swelling and mechanical properties of nanostructures polymers are crucial parameters for the creation of adaptive devices to be used in diverse fields, such as drug delivery, nanomedicine, and tissue engineering. We present the use of anodic aluminum oxide templates as a nanoreactor to copolymerize butyl methacrylate and 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate under radical conditions. The copolymer obtained under confinement showed significant differences with respect to the same copolymer obtained in bulk conditions. Molecular weights, molecular weight dispersities, Young's modulus, and wetting behaviors were significantly modified. The combination of selected monomers allowed us to obtain nanopillar structures with an interesting softening surface and extraordinary swelling capacity that could be of special interest to surface science and specifically, cell culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laia León-Boigues
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, ICTP-CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Catalina von Bilderling
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA)⁻Departamento de Química⁻Facultad de Ciencias Exactas-Universidad Nacional de La Plata⁻CONICET, 1900 La Plata, Argentina.
- Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, C1428EHA Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Lía I Pietrasanta
- Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, C1428EHA Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Instituto de Física de Buenos Aires (IFIBA-CONICET), C1428EHA Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Omar Azzaroni
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA)⁻Departamento de Química⁻Facultad de Ciencias Exactas-Universidad Nacional de La Plata⁻CONICET, 1900 La Plata, Argentina.
| | - Juan M Giussi
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA)⁻Departamento de Química⁻Facultad de Ciencias Exactas-Universidad Nacional de La Plata⁻CONICET, 1900 La Plata, Argentina.
| | - Carmen Mijangos
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, ICTP-CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Paseo Manuel Lardizabal 4 and Centro de Fisica de Materiales, CFM-CSIC/UPV-EHU Paseo de Manuel Lardizabal 5, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain.
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17
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Blaszczyk-Lezak I, Juanes D, Martín J, Mijangos C. Gecko-like Branched Polymeric Nanostructures from Nanoporous Templates. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:11449-11453. [PMID: 30157645 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b01923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Here, we report a simple method to produce hierarchically shaped polymeric one-dimensional nanostructures. More specifically, dual-sized polymer nanowires are fabricated employing multibranched anodic aluminum oxide templates. By fine selection of the anodization conditions, we achieve branched nanopores having a first segment of 400 nm in diameter from which seven further 55 nm in diameter pores arise. Wetting of such nanopores with polymer melts-for example, poly(ε-caprolactone) and polystyrene-allows for the nanomolding of their respective inverse nanostructures, that is, dual-sized multibranched polymer nanowires that, when supported on a flat surface, strongly resemble the spatulae of geckos' toes. The structural features of the dual-sized polymer nanostructures, namely, crystalline phase, crystallinity, texture, and so on, are furthermore characterized and interpreted within the context of polymer phase transitions in confined media. Our work presents a readily applicable approach to produce soft nanomaterials of high morphological complexity, thereby with promising implications in the nanotechnology area, for example, in biomimetic solid adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Blaszczyk-Lezak
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros , Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) , Juan de la Cierva 3 , 28006 Madrid , Spain
| | - Diana Juanes
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros , Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) , Juan de la Cierva 3 , 28006 Madrid , Spain
| | - Jaime Martín
- POLYMAT and Polymer Science and Technology Department, Faculty of Chemistry , University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU , Manuel de Lardizabal 3 , 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián , Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science , E-48011 Bilbao , Spain
| | - Carmen Mijangos
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros , Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) , Juan de la Cierva 3 , 28006 Madrid , Spain
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC) , Paseo Manuel de Lardizábal 2 , 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián , Spain
- Materials Physics Center (CFM) , CSIC-UPV/EHU , Paseo Manuel de Lardizábal 5 , 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián , Spain
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Sanz B, Ballard N, Marcos-Fernández Á, Asua JM, Mijangos C. Confinement effects in the step-growth polymerization within AAO templates and modeling. POLYMER 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2018.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Tsagkalias IS, Papadopoulou S, Verros GD, Achilias DS. Polymerization Kinetics of n-Butyl Methacrylate in the Presence of Graphene Oxide Prepared by Two Different Oxidation Methods with or without Functionalization. Ind Eng Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b03781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis S. Tsagkalias
- Laboratory of Polymer and
Color Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - Symela Papadopoulou
- Laboratory of Polymer and
Color Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - George D. Verros
- Laboratory of Polymer and
Color Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - Dimitris S. Achilias
- Laboratory of Polymer and
Color Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
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20
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Molecular self-assembly of one-dimensional polymer nanostructures in nanopores of anodic alumina oxide templates. Prog Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2017.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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21
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Maksym P, Tarnacka M, Wolnica K, Dzienia A, Erfurt K, Chrobok A, Zięba A, Bielas R, Kaminski K, Paluch M. Studies on the hard confinement effect on the RAFT polymerization of a monomeric ionic liquid. Unexpected triggering of RAFT polymerization at 30 °C. Polym Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py01726j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
For the first time, the RAFT polymerization of a monomeric ionic liquid under hard confinement was successfully carried out.
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