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Mundil R, Bravo C, Merle N, Zinck P. Coordinative Chain Transfer and Chain Shuttling Polymerization. Chem Rev 2024; 124:210-244. [PMID: 38085864 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Coordinative chain transfer polymerization, CCTP, is a degenerative chain transfer polymerization process that has a wide range of applications. It allows a highly controlled synthesis of polyolefins, stereoregular polydienes, and stereoregular polystyrene, including (stereo)block as well as statistical copolymers thereof. It also shows a green character by allowing catalyst economy during the synthesis of such polymers. CCTP notably allows the end functionalization of both the commodity and stereoregular specialty polymers aforementionned, control of the composition of statistical copolymers without adjusting the feed, and quantitative formation of 1-alkenes from ethene. A one-pot one-step synthesis of the original multiblock microstructures and architectures by chain shuttling polymerization (CSP) is also an asset of CCTP. This methodology takes advantage of the simultaneous presence of two catalysts of different selectivity toward comonomers that produce blocks of different composition/microstructure, while still allowing the chain transfer. This affords the production of highly performant functional polymers, such as thermoplastic elastomers and adhesives, among others. This approach has been extended to cyclic esters' and ethers' ring-opening polymerization, providing new types of multiblock microstructure. The present Review provides the state of the art in the field with a focus on the last 10 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Mundil
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova, 2030, 128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Catarina Bravo
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Artois, UMR 8181 - UCCS - Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Nicolas Merle
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Artois, UMR 8181 - UCCS - Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Philippe Zinck
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Artois, UMR 8181 - UCCS - Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide, F-59000 Lille, France
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2
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Jasinska-Walc L, Bouyahyi M, Duchateau R. Potential of Functionalized Polyolefins in a Sustainable Polymer Economy: Synthetic Strategies and Applications. Acc Chem Res 2022; 55:1985-1996. [PMID: 35849758 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.2c00195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
ConspectusPolymers play a crucial role in our modern life as no other material exists that is so versatile, moldable, and lightweight. Consequently, the demand for polymers will continue to grow with the human population, modernization, and technological developments. However, depleted fossil resources, increasing plastic waste production, ocean pollution, and related growing emission of greenhouse gases has led to a change in the way we think about the use of polymers. Although polymers were never designed to be recycled, it is clear that a linear polymers economy is no longer sustainable. The design for recycling and reuse and life-cycle analyses will become increasingly important factors when deciding on which polymer to choose for a certain application. Of all polymers, polyolefins have the lowest life-cycle environmental impact and even outperform renewable polymers. However, polyolefins are chemically inert and reveal a low surface energy. Combining their excellent mechanical properties with the ability to adhere to other materials or create self-assembled or nanostructured materials would widen the application window of polyolefins even more.This Account covers part of our personal account in the field of functionalized polyolefin synthesis and their application development. We start with addressing the challenge of finding suitable catalysts that tolerate nucleophilic functionalities, which tends to poison most electrophilic catalysts even when passivated with, for example, an aluminum alkyl. We argued that lowering of the oxidation state of a titanium-based catalyst might lower the electrophilicity of the metal center. Indeed, this simple approach resulted in an unprecedentedly high tolerance toward aluminum alkyl-passivated alkenols during their copolymerization with ethylene. Interestingly, catalyst deactivation was much less pronounced during the copolymerization of propylene and aluminum-passivated alkenols, clearly demonstrating the protective effect of the methyl branch in the growing polymer. Because the use of randomly functionalized polypropylenes is rather underdeveloped, as compared to the corresponding randomly functionalized polyethylenes, we focused on potential applications of the former material. Atactic or low-crystalline hydroxyl- and carboxylic acid-functionalized propylene-based co- and terpolymers form elastomers with interesting properties that can be influenced by enhancing the hydrogen bonding within the system or by creating ionomers. The polar functionalities cluster together in domains that can host small polar molecules such as, for example, a pH indicator, thus affording useful sensors. The functionalized polyolefins can also be used as precursors for amphiphilic graft copolymers, undergoing self-assembly and therefore being suitable for nanoporous membrane preparation. The graft copolymers also proved to be effective compatibilizers in various polymer blends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Jasinska-Walc
- SABIC Technology & Innovation, STC Geleen, Urmonderbaan 22, 6160 AH Geleen, The Netherlands
| | - Miloud Bouyahyi
- SABIC Technology & Innovation, STC Geleen, Urmonderbaan 22, 6160 AH Geleen, The Netherlands
| | - Rob Duchateau
- SABIC Technology & Innovation, STC Geleen, Urmonderbaan 22, 6160 AH Geleen, The Netherlands.,Chemical Product Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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3
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Hosseinzadeh M, Abbasian M, Ghodsi L, Karaj‐Abad SG, Acar MH, Mahmoodzadeh F, Jaymand M. Modification of High‐Density Polyethylene through the Grafting of Methyl Methacrylate Using RAFT Technique and Preparation of Its Polymer/Clay Nanocomposites**. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202104228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Hosseinzadeh
- Marand Faculty of Technical and Engineering University of Tabriz Tabriz Iran
| | - Mojtaba Abbasian
- Department of Chemistry Payame Noor University, P.O. Box 19395-3697 Tehran Iran
| | - Leila Ghodsi
- Department of Chemistry Payame Noor University, P.O. Box 19395-3697 Tehran Iran
| | | | - Metin Hayri Acar
- Macromolecular Engineering Research Laboratory Chemistry Department Istanbul Technical University Maslak 34469 Istanbul Turkey
| | | | - Mehdi Jaymand
- Nano Drug Delivery Research Center Health Technology Institute Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences Kermanshah Iran
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4
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Jamali F, Hassanian-Moghaddam D, Ahmadjo S, Mohammad Mahdi Mortazavi S, Maddah Y, Ahmadi M. Amphiphilic olefin block copolymers synthesized by successive coordinative chain transfer and ring-opening polymerizations. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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5
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Solubility measurements and thermodynamic modeling of Salen ligand and Organoaluminum-Salen complex in selected solvents. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.115147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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6
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Chen L, Wang S, Zhang Y, Li Y, Ge X, Li G, Wang L. N-Hydroxyphthalimide catalyzed hydrazination of polyethylene glycol. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2020.104666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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7
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Lee JC, Park KL, Bae SM, Lee HJ, Baek JW, Lee J, Sa S, Shin EJ, Lee KS, Lee BY. Styrene Moiety-Carrying Diorganozinc Compound Preparation for Polystyrene-Poly(ethylene-co-1-hexene)-Polystyrene Triblock Copolymer Production. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jong Chul Lee
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, South Korea
| | - Kyung Lee Park
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, South Korea
| | - Sung Moon Bae
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, South Korea
| | - Hyun Ju Lee
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, South Korea
| | - Jun Won Baek
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, South Korea
| | - Junseong Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, South Korea
| | - Seokpil Sa
- LG Chem Ltd., Daejeon 34122, South Korea
| | | | - Ki Soo Lee
- LG Chem Ltd., Daejeon 34122, South Korea
| | - Bun Yeoul Lee
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, South Korea
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Brant P, Lu J, Shivokhin M, Yakovlev S, Kang S, Welke B, Raney M, Throckmorton J, Rapp J, Wang H, Yablon D. Strategy for Scalable Comb Block Polyolefin Synthesis. Efficient Graft of Isotactic Polypropylene to a Commercial Broad Molecular Weight Distribution, Hyperbranched, Ethylene Methylacrylate Copolymer. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Brant
- Global Product Fundamentals Department, ExxonMobil Chemical Company, Baytown, Texas 77520, United States
| | - Jiemin Lu
- Global Product Fundamentals Department, ExxonMobil Chemical Company, Baytown, Texas 77520, United States
| | - Maksim Shivokhin
- Global Advanced Characterization Department, ExxonMobil Chemical Company, Baytown, Texas 77520, United States
| | - Sergey Yakovlev
- Global Advanced Characterization Department, ExxonMobil Chemical Company, Baytown, Texas 77520, United States
| | - Shuhui Kang
- Global Advanced Characterization Department, ExxonMobil Chemical Company, Baytown, Texas 77520, United States
| | - Bethany Welke
- Global Advanced Characterization Department, ExxonMobil Chemical Company, Baytown, Texas 77520, United States
| | - Melissa Raney
- Global Advanced Characterization Department, ExxonMobil Chemical Company, Baytown, Texas 77520, United States
| | - Joseph Throckmorton
- Global Advanced Characterization Department, ExxonMobil Chemical Company, Baytown, Texas 77520, United States
| | - Jennifer Rapp
- Global Advanced Characterization Department, ExxonMobil Chemical Company, Baytown, Texas 77520, United States
| | - Hao Wang
- Global Advanced Characterization Department, ExxonMobil Chemical Company, Baytown, Texas 77520, United States
| | - Dalia Yablon
- SurfaceChar LLC, Sharon Massachusetts 02067, United States
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9
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Jiang H, Ye L, Wang Y, Ma L, Cui D, Tang T. Synthesis and Characterization of Polypropylene-Based Polyurethanes. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hanqing Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Lin Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Yanhui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Li Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Dongmei Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Tao Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
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10
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Kim TJ, Baek JW, Moon SH, Lee HJ, Park KL, Bae SM, Lee JC, Lee PC, Lee BY. Polystyrene Chain Growth Initiated from Dialkylzinc for Synthesis of Polyolefin-Polystyrene Block Copolymers. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E537. [PMID: 32131422 PMCID: PMC7182881 DOI: 10.3390/polym12030537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyolefins (POs) are the most abundant polymers. However, synthesis of PO-based block copolymers has only rarely been achieved. We aimed to synthesize various PO-based block copolymers by coordinative chain transfer polymerization (CCTP) followed by anionic polymerization in one-pot via conversion of the CCTP product (polyolefinyl)2Zn to polyolefinyl-Li. The addition of 2 equiv t-BuLi to (1-octyl)2Zn (a model compound of (polyolefinyl)2Zn) and selective removal or decomposition of (tBu)2Zn by evacuation or heating at 130 °C afforded 1-octyl-Li. Attempts to convert (polyolefinyl)2Zn to polyolefinyl-Li were unsuccessful. However, polystyrene (PS) chains were efficiently grown from (polyolefinyl)2Zn; the addition of styrene monomers after treatment with t-BuLi and pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (PMDTA) in the presence of residual olefin monomers afforded PO-block-PSs. Organolithium species that might be generated in the pot of t-BuLi, PMDTA, and olefin monomers, i.e., [Me2NCH2CH2N(Me)CH2CH2N(Me)CH2Li, Me2NCH2CH2N(Me)Li·(PMDTA), pentylallyl-Li⋅(PMDTA)], as well as PhLi⋅(PMDTA), were screened as initiators to grow PS chains from (1-hexyl)2Zn, as well as from (polyolefinyl)2Zn. Pentylallyl-Li⋅(PMDTA) was the best initiator. The Mn values increased substantially after the styrene polymerization with some generation of homo-PSs (27-29%). The Mn values of the extracted homo-PS suggested that PS chains were grown mainly from polyolefinyl groups in [(polyolefinyl)2(pentylallyl)Zn]-[Li⋅(PMDTA)]+ formed by pentylallyl-Li⋅(PMDTA) acting onto (polyolefinyl)2Zn.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Bun Yeoul Lee
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 443-749, Korea; (T.J.K.); (J.W.B.); (S.H.M.); (H.J.L.); (K.L.P.); (S.M.B.); (J.C.L.); (P.C.L.)
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11
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Chenal T, Drelon M, Marsh B, Silva FF, Visseaux M, Mortreux A. Catalyzed chain growth polymerisation of ethylene using lanthanidocenes/dialkylmagnesium: further developments and one pot synthesis of narrow dispersed high molecular weight fatty alcohols. Catal Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cy01451f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ethylene polymerisation was performed via an improved in situ Ln/Mg CCG process and applied to the synthesis of high Mn linear alcohols.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Chenal
- ENSCL, Univ. Lille
- CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Artois, UMR 8181
- UCCS - Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide
- F-59652 Lille
- France
| | - M. Drelon
- ENSCL, Univ. Lille
- CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Artois, UMR 8181
- UCCS - Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide
- F-59652 Lille
- France
| | - B. Marsh
- ENSCL, Univ. Lille
- CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Artois, UMR 8181
- UCCS - Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide
- F-59652 Lille
- France
| | - F. F. Silva
- ENSCL, Univ. Lille
- CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Artois, UMR 8181
- UCCS - Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide
- F-59652 Lille
- France
| | - M. Visseaux
- ENSCL, Univ. Lille
- CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Artois, UMR 8181
- UCCS - Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide
- F-59652 Lille
- France
| | - A. Mortreux
- ENSCL, Univ. Lille
- CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Artois, UMR 8181
- UCCS - Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide
- F-59652 Lille
- France
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12
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13
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Lee HJ, Baek JW, Kim TJ, Park HS, Moon SH, Park KL, Bae SM, Park J, Lee BY. Synthesis of Long-Chain Branched Polyolefins by Coordinative Chain Transfer Polymerization. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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14
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Wilson JA, Ates Z, Pflughaupt RL, Dove AP, Heise A. Polymers from macrolactones: From pheromones to functional materials. Prog Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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15
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16
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Synthesis of isotactic polypropylene-block-polystyrene block copolymers as compatibilizers for isotactic polypropylene/polyphenylene oxide blends. POLYMER 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2018.05.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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17
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Kim SD, Kim TJ, Kwon SJ, Kim TH, Baek JW, Park HS, Lee HJ, Lee BY. Peroxide-Mediated Alkyl–Alkyl Coupling of Dialkylzinc: A Useful Tool for Synthesis of ABA-Type Olefin Triblock Copolymers. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b00907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sung Dong Kim
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 443-749, South Korea
| | - Tae Jin Kim
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 443-749, South Korea
| | - Su Jin Kwon
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 443-749, South Korea
| | - Tae Hee Kim
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 443-749, South Korea
| | - Jun Won Baek
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 443-749, South Korea
| | - Hee Soo Park
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 443-749, South Korea
| | - Hyun Ju Lee
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 443-749, South Korea
| | - Bun Yeoul Lee
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 443-749, South Korea
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18
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Polystyrene Chain Growth from Di-End-Functional Polyolefins for Polystyrene-Polyolefin-Polystyrene Block Copolymers. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 9:polym9100481. [PMID: 30965784 PMCID: PMC6418507 DOI: 10.3390/polym9100481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Triblock copolymers of polystyrene (PS) and a polyolefin (PO), e.g., PS-block-poly(ethylene-co-1-butene)-block-PS (SEBS), are attractive materials for use as thermoplastic elastomers and are produced commercially by a two-step process that involves the costly hydrogenation of PS-block-polybutadiene-block-PS. We herein report a one-pot strategy for attaching PS chains to both ends of PO chains to construct PS-block-PO-block-PS directly from olefin and styrene monomers. Dialkylzinc compound containing styrene moieties ((CH₂=CHC₆H₄CH₂CH₂)₂Zn) was prepared, from which poly(ethylene-co-propylene) chains were grown via "coordinative chain transfer polymerization" using the pyridylaminohafnium catalyst to afford di-end functional PO chains functionalized with styrene and Zn moieties. Subsequently, PS chains were attached at both ends of the PO chains by introduction of styrene monomers in addition to the anionic initiator Me₃SiCH₂Li·(pmdeta) (pmdeta = pentamethyldiethylenetriamine). We found that the fraction of the extracted PS homopolymer was low (~20%) and that molecular weights were evidently increased after the styrene polymerization (ΔMn = 27⁻54 kDa). Transmission electron microscopy showed spherical and wormlike PS domains measuring several tens of nm segregated within the PO matrix. Optimal tensile properties were observed for the sample containing a propylene mole fraction of 0.25 and a styrene content of 33%. Finally, in the cyclic tensile test, the prepared copolymers exhibited thermoplastic elastomeric properties with no breakage up over 10 cycles, which is comparable to the behavior of commercial-grade SEBS.
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19
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Bunescu A, Lee S, Li Q, Hartwig JF. Catalytic Hydroxylation of Polyethylenes. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2017; 3:895-903. [PMID: 28852704 PMCID: PMC5571459 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.7b00255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Polyolefins account for 60% of global plastic consumption, but many potential applications of polyolefins require that their properties, such as compatibility with polar polymers, adhesion, gas permeability, and surface wetting, be improved. A strategy to overcome these deficiencies would involve the introduction of polar functionalities onto the polymer chain. Here, we describe the Ni-catalyzed hydroxylation of polyethylenes (LDPE, HDPE, and LLDPE) in the presence of m CPBA as an oxidant. Studies with cycloalkanes and pure, long-chain alkanes were conducted to assess precisely the selectivity of the reaction and the degree to which potential C-C bond cleavage of a radical intermediate occurs. Among the nickel catalysts we tested, [Ni(Me4Phen)3](BPh4)2 (Me4Phen = 3,4,7,8,-tetramethyl-1,10-phenanthroline) reacted with the highest turnover number (TON) for hydroxylation of cyclohexane and the highest selectivity for the formation of cyclohexanol over cyclohexanone (TON, 5560; cyclohexanol/(cyclohexanone + ε-caprolactone) ratio, 10.5). The oxidation of n-octadecane occurred at the secondary C-H bonds with 15.5:1 selectivity for formation of an alcohol over a ketone and 660 TON. Consistent with these data, the hydroxylation of various polyethylene materials by the combination of [Ni(Me4Phen)3](BPh4)2 and m CPBA led to the introduction of 2.0 to 5.5 functional groups (alcohol, ketone, alkyl chloride) per 100 monomer units with up to 88% selectivity for formation of alcohols over ketones or chloride. In contrast to more classical radical functionalizations of polyethylene, this catalytic process occurred without significant modification of the molecular weight of the polymer that would result from chain cleavage or cross-linking. Thus, the resulting materials are new compositions in which hydroxyl groups are located along the main chain of commercial, high molecular weight LDPE, HDPE, and LLDPE materials. These hydroxylated polyethylenes have improved wetting properties and serve as macroinitiators to synthesize graft polycaprolactones that compatibilize polyethylene-polycaprolactone blends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ala Bunescu
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Sunwoo Lee
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Qian Li
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - John F. Hartwig
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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20
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Park SS, Kim CS, Kim SD, Kwon SJ, Lee HM, Kim TH, Jeon JY, Lee BY. Biaxial Chain Growth of Polyolefin and Polystyrene from 1,6-Hexanediylzinc Species for Triblock Copolymers. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b01365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Seung Soo Park
- Department of Molecular Science
and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 443-749, South Korea
| | - Chung Sol Kim
- Department of Molecular Science
and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 443-749, South Korea
| | - Sung Dong Kim
- Department of Molecular Science
and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 443-749, South Korea
| | - Su Jin Kwon
- Department of Molecular Science
and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 443-749, South Korea
| | - Hyun Mo Lee
- Department of Molecular Science
and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 443-749, South Korea
| | - Tae Hee Kim
- Department of Molecular Science
and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 443-749, South Korea
| | - Jong Yeob Jeon
- Department of Molecular Science
and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 443-749, South Korea
| | - Bun Yeoul Lee
- Department of Molecular Science
and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 443-749, South Korea
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21
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Myers D, Witt T, Cyriac A, Bown M, Mecking S, Williams CK. Ring opening polymerization of macrolactones: high conversions and activities using an yttrium catalyst. Polym Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py00985b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The ring-opening polymerization of macrolactones (C15–C23) is reported using an yttrium catalyst which shows high rates and conversions in the production of long-chain aliphatic polyesters.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Myers
- Department of Chemistry
- Imperial College London
- London SW7 2AZ
- UK
| | - T. Witt
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Konstanz
- 78457 Konstanz
- Germany
| | - A. Cyriac
- Department of Chemistry
- Imperial College London
- London SW7 2AZ
- UK
| | - M. Bown
- CSIRO Manufacturing
- Ian Wark Laboratory
- Clayton
- Australia
| | - S. Mecking
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Konstanz
- 78457 Konstanz
- Germany
| | - C. K. Williams
- Department of Chemistry
- Imperial College London
- London SW7 2AZ
- UK
- Department of Chemistry
| |
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