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Yin Y, Wang Z, Zou H. Synthesis of dimpled polymer-silica nanocomposite particles by interfacial swelling-based seeded polymerization. SOFT MATTER 2024; 20:429-436. [PMID: 38111340 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm00810f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Dimpled polymer-silica nanocomposite particles have the combined advantages of dimpled particles and polymer-silica nanocomposite particles. This study presents a novel approach to prepare these particles by interfacial swelling-based seeded polymerization. Polystyrene-silica (PS-SiO2) nanocomposite particles are first prepared by emulsion polymerization of styrene in the presence of glycerol-functionalized silica sols and then dimpled polymer-SiO2 particles are fabricated by interfacial swelling of butyl acrylate (BA)/toluene and subsequent seeded polymerization of BA with the PS-SiO2 particles as seeds. The effects of different parameters, such as the amount of surfactant used in the PS-SiO2/H2O dispersion, BA/toluene mass ratio, PS-SiO2/H2O mass ratio and stirring rate, on the formation of the dimpled particles are investigated. Optimization of the seeded polymerization conditions allows a relatively high percentage of dimpled particles to be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiping Yin
- School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai 200093, China.
| | - Zhe Wang
- School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai 200093, China.
| | - Hua Zou
- School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai 200093, China.
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2
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Dorbic K, Lattuada M. Synthesis of dimpled polymer particles and polymer particles with protrusions - Past, present, and future. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 320:102998. [PMID: 37729785 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2023.102998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Since the development of emulsion polymerization techniques, polymer particles have become the epitome of standard colloids due to the exceptional control over size, size distribution, and composition the synthesis methods allow reaching. The exploration of different variations of the synthesis methods has led to the discovery of more advanced techniques, enabling control over their composition and shape. Many early investigations focused on forming particles with protrusions (with one protrusion, called dumbbell particles) and particles with concavities, also called dimpled particles. This paper reviews the literature covering the synthesis, functionalization, and applications of both types of particles. The focus has been on the rationalization of the various approaches used to prepare such particles and on the discussion of the mechanisms of formation not just from the experimental viewpoint but also from the standpoint of thermodynamics. The primary motivation to combine in a single review the preparation of both types of particles has been the observation of similarities among some of the methods developed to prepare dimpled particles, which sometimes include the formation of particles with protrusions and vice versa. The most common applications of these particles have been discussed as well. By looking at the different approaches developed in the literature under one general perspective, we hope to stimulate a more ample use of these particles and promote the development of even more effective synthetic protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kata Dorbic
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 9, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Marco Lattuada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 9, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland.
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Fang X, Zou H. Revisiting the preparation of cylindrical polystyrene particles by magnetic stirring. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.128308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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4
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Preparation of elastic/glassy Janus composite particles by seeded polymerization. Colloid Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-022-04941-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Tripathi AK, Tsavalas JG. A surprisingly gentle approach to cavity containing spherocylindrical microparticles from ordinary polymer dispersions in flow. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2021; 8:2808-2815. [PMID: 34605843 DOI: 10.1039/d1mh01108a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we demonstrate a facile approach to fully transform spherical polymeric microparticles to elongated spherocylinders containing an internal cavity under ambient and mild stirring conditions. Critical to the process is to deform the amorphous and non-crosslinked particles under glassy conditions for an unusually long time; 120 hours for the poly(styrene-co-glycidyl methacrylate) microparticles discussed in greatest detail. Larger particles in the 5 micron and greater range were markedly more susceptible to the shear imposed by stirring the aqueous dispersion. The resulting morphology is robust and kinetically frozen yet reverts to the original spherical shape if annealed above the glass transition temperature with suitable temperature or plasticizer. The volume fraction of the internal void can be modulated by particle composition and process conditions and is irregular in shape we believe as a result of a cavitation event during plastic deformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit K Tripathi
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
| | - John G Tsavalas
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
- Materials Science Program, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA.
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Morimoto R, Suzuki T, Minami H. Preparation of Polypropylene-Composite Particles by Dispersion Polymerization. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:10388-10393. [PMID: 34407617 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c01674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Polypropylene (PP)/poly(benzyl methacrylate) (PBzMA) composite particles were prepared by dispersion polymerization of benzyl methacrylate (BzMA) in the presence of PP particles without a conventional dispersant. The polymerization process yielded a stable emulsion of composite particles with a "currant bun"-like morphology consisting of a PBzMA core and PP bumps, indicating that the PP particles operate as colloidal stabilizers. Conversely, when BzMA was replaced with styrene as the monomer, dispersion polymerization yielded a large amount of aggregates. Finally, a stable emulsion was formed by copolymerizing a small amount of methyl methacrylate (MMA) with styrene. This result suggested that PP must interact with a second polymer to prepare stable composite particles. The surfaces of the PP particles, which are highly hydrophilic due to their carboxyl groups, were involved in the attachment and stabilization of the polymer precipitated in the medium. A film prepared from the obtained PP/PBzMA composite particles was highly hydrophobic and strongly adhesive to a PP sheet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryohei Morimoto
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, Rokko, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
- Research & Development Center, UNITIKA LTD., 23, Uji-Kozakura, Uji, Kyoto 611-0021, Japan
| | - Toyoko Suzuki
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, Rokko, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Hideto Minami
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, Rokko, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
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Mukai K, Fujii Y, Yamane M, Suzuki T, Minami H. Morphology control of silicone/poly(methyl methacrylate) (elastic/glassy) composite particles. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py01102a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Composite particles consisting of elastic silicone and glassy poly(methyl methacrylate) were prepared. The morphology of the particles could be alternated between sea-island and core–shell structures by controlling the annealing temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Mukai
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kobe University
- Kobe 657-8501
- Japan
| | - Yuki Fujii
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kobe University
- Kobe 657-8501
- Japan
| | - Mitsuyoshi Yamane
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kobe University
- Kobe 657-8501
- Japan
| | - Toyoko Suzuki
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kobe University
- Kobe 657-8501
- Japan
| | - Hideto Minami
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kobe University
- Kobe 657-8501
- Japan
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Morphology evolution of Janus dumbbell nanoparticles in seeded emulsion polymerization. J Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 543:34-42. [PMID: 30776668 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2019.01.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Emulsion polymerization is a versatile approach to produce different polymeric nanoparticle morphologies, which can be useful in a variety of applications. However, the detailed mechanism of the morphology formation is not entirely clear. We study the kinetics of nanoparticle morphology evolution during a seeded emulsion polymerization using both experimental and computational tools. Lightly crosslinked polystyrene seeds were first synthesized using dispersion polymerization. Then the seed particles were swollen in tert-butyl acrylate and styrene monomers, and subsequently polymerized into nanoparticles of dumbbell and multilobe morphologies. It was discovered that both the seed and final particle morphology were affected by the methanol concentration during the seed synthesis. Systematically adjusting the methanol amount will not only yield spherical seed particles of different size, but also dumbbell particles even without the second monomer polymerization. In addition to methanol concentration, morphology can be controlled by crosslinking density. The kinetics studies revealed an interesting transition from multilobe to dumbbell geometries during the secondary polymerization. Based on the results, a nucleation-growth model has been proposed to describe the morphology evolution and verification was offered by computer simulation. The key discovery is that nanoparticle morphology can be kinetically controlled by diffusion of the protrusions on the seed particles. The condition of seed synthesis and crosslinking density will drastically change the seed and final nanoparticle morphology.
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Zou H, Miao D, Sun H, Wang X. Preparation of Dimpled Polystyrene-Silica Colloidal Nanocomposite Particles. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:14302-14308. [PMID: 30379545 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b02782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Preparation of polymer-silica colloidal nanocomposite particles with concave shape is challenging and seldom reported. This paper presents a novel and facile method to prepare dimpled polymer-silica nanocomposite particles with a thin silica shell through the judicious combination of alcoholic dispersion polymerization and the decane evaporation method. Submicrometer-sized polystyrene-silica (PS-SiO2) nanocomposite particles were first prepared by dispersion polymerization of styrene in methanol in the presence of a methanolic silica sol, and then dimpled PS-SiO2 particles were prepared by heating the near-spherical PS-SiO2 particles dispersed in methanol/water media in the presence of decane and subsequent cooling. The effects of different heat treatment parameters, such as methanol/water ratio, stirring temperature, and stirring rate on the formation of the nanocomposite particles were investigated. Optimization of the heating conditions allowed ∼100% of dimpled particles to be achieved with one dimple on each particle. Moreover, calcination of the dimpled PS-SiO2 nanocomposite particles led to the formation of hollow dimpled particles with a thin silica shell. This method is expected to enrich the shapes of polymer-silica nanocomposite particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Shanghai for Science and Technology , 516 Jungong Road , Shanghai 200093 , China
| | - Dandan Miao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Shanghai for Science and Technology , 516 Jungong Road , Shanghai 200093 , China
| | - Hao Sun
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Shanghai for Science and Technology , 516 Jungong Road , Shanghai 200093 , China
| | - Xia Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Shanghai for Science and Technology , 516 Jungong Road , Shanghai 200093 , China
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Li W, Suzuki T, Minami H. A Facile Method for Preparation of Polymer Particles Having a “Cylindrical” Shape. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201805700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Graduate School of Engineering; Kobe University; Kobe 657-8501 Japan
| | - Toyoko Suzuki
- Graduate School of Engineering; Kobe University; Kobe 657-8501 Japan
| | - Hideto Minami
- Graduate School of Engineering; Kobe University; Kobe 657-8501 Japan
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Li W, Suzuki T, Minami H. A Facile Method for Preparation of Polymer Particles Having a “Cylindrical” Shape. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:9936-9940. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201805700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Graduate School of Engineering; Kobe University; Kobe 657-8501 Japan
| | - Toyoko Suzuki
- Graduate School of Engineering; Kobe University; Kobe 657-8501 Japan
| | - Hideto Minami
- Graduate School of Engineering; Kobe University; Kobe 657-8501 Japan
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One-pot synthesis of non-spherical hollow latex polymeric particles via seeded emulsion polymerization. POLYMER 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2017.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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