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Li H, Ye Q, Sun J, Cui S, Zhang Z, Liu C, Shen C, Wang Z. A combined melt-stretching and quenching setup for experimental studies of polymer crystallization under complex flow-temperature environments. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2023; 94:015102. [PMID: 36725543 DOI: 10.1063/5.0130699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
A combined melt-stretching and quenching setup is designed and developed to allow experimental investigations of polymer crystallization under the complex flow-temperature environments comparable to those encountered in the actual industrial processing. The melt-stretching proceeds by two drums rotating in the opposite directions with simultaneous recording of a stress-strain curve, where the Hencky strain and strain rate (≤233 s-1) are adjustable over a large range. After stretching, liquid N2 is used as a cooling medium to quench the free-standing melt, which is sprayed directly to the deformed melt driven by an electric pump. To ensure a high cooling efficiency, a three-way solenoid valve is employed to execute a sequential control of the liquid N2 flow direction to reduce the boil-off of liquid N2 before entering the sample chamber. The melt cooling rate depends on the liquid N2 flow rate controlled by a flow valve, which is up to 221 °C/s when quenching the isotactic polypropylene (iPP) melt with a thickness of 0.28 mm at 150 °C. Two independent temperature control modules are designed to meet the requirements of different stages of melt-stretching and quenching. To verify the capability of the setup, we have performed the melt-stretching and quenching experiments on iPP samples. The setup is demonstrated to be a valuable new tool to study polymer crystallization under coupled flow-cooling fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanchuan Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology, Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Qiuyang Ye
- National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology, Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Jiahui Sun
- National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology, Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Shanlin Cui
- National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology, Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology, Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Chuntai Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology, Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Changyu Shen
- National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology, Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology, Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
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2
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Wu S, Yang H, Chen Q. Nonlinear Extensional Rheology of Poly( n-alkyl methacrylate) Melts with a Fixed Number of Kuhn Segments and Entanglements per Chain. ACS Macro Lett 2022; 11:484-490. [PMID: 35575329 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.2c00072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Molecular theories for dynamics of entangled polymers are based on both the number of Kuhn segments per entanglement Ne and the number of entanglements per chain N/Ne. Extensive studies have shown that, for polymer chains in the solutions or melts, linear viscoelasticity can be properly normalized, whereas the nonlinear extensional rheological properties cannot be normalized when N/Ne is kept the same. The failure of the latter normalization has been attributed to a difference in Ne. Nevertheless, nonlinear rheological studies are lacking for a suitable model system with fixed Ne and N/Ne. In this study, we identify poly(n-alkyl methacrylate)s with the number of carbons per alkyl group below seven as a model system. We find that the degree of the transient strain hardening during extensional flow strengthens with increasing the size of the alkyl group even when Ne and N/Ne are kept the same, which is attributable to the weaker friction reduction when the main backbones are more separated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilong Wu
- State Key Lab of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Renmin St 5625, Changchun 130022, Jilin, China
| | - Huanhuan Yang
- State Key Lab of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Renmin St 5625, Changchun 130022, Jilin, China
| | - Quan Chen
- State Key Lab of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Renmin St 5625, Changchun 130022, Jilin, China
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3
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute, Sichuan University, 610065 Chengdu, China
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4
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Yang H, Wu S, Chen Q. How to Choose a Secondary Interaction to Improve Stretchability of Associative Polymers? Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 130022 Changchun, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, China
| | - Shilong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 130022 Changchun, China
| | - Quan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 130022 Changchun, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, China
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5
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Iwasaki S, Inoue M, Takei Y, Nishikawa R, Yamaguchi M. Modulus enhancement of polypropylene by sorbitol nucleating agent in flow field. POLYMER CRYSTALLIZATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pcr2.10170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shohei Iwasaki
- School of Materials Science Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology Nomi Ishikawa Japan
- Research & Development Department, Research & Development Division New Japan Chemical Co., Ltd. Kyoto Japan
| | - Mitsuko Inoue
- Research & Development Department, Research & Development Division New Japan Chemical Co., Ltd. Kyoto Japan
| | - Yurie Takei
- Research & Development Department, Research & Development Division New Japan Chemical Co., Ltd. Kyoto Japan
| | - Riho Nishikawa
- School of Materials Science Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology Nomi Ishikawa Japan
| | - Masayuki Yamaguchi
- School of Materials Science Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology Nomi Ishikawa Japan
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6
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Seo J, Parisi D, Gohn AM, Han A, Song L, Liu Y, Schaake RP, Rhoades AM, Colby RH. Flow-Induced Crystallization of Poly(ether ether ketone): Universal Aspects of Specific Work Revealed by Corroborative Rheology and X-ray Scattering Studies. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiho Seo
- Materials Science and Engineering, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Daniele Parisi
- Materials Science and Engineering, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Anne M. Gohn
- School of Engineering, Penn State Behrend, Erie, Pennsylvania 16563, United States
| | - Aijie Han
- Materials Science and Engineering, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Lu Song
- Materials Science and Engineering, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Yizheng Liu
- Materials Science and Engineering, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Richard P. Schaake
- SKF Research and Technology Development, 3992 AE Houten, The Netherlands
| | - Alicyn M. Rhoades
- School of Engineering, Penn State Behrend, Erie, Pennsylvania 16563, United States
| | - Ralph H. Colby
- Materials Science and Engineering, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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Berlo FPA, Cardinaels R, Peters GWM, Anderson PD. A numerical study of extensional flow‐induced crystallization in filament stretching rheometry. POLYMER CRYSTALLIZATION 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pcr2.10154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Frank P. A. Berlo
- Polymer Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering Eindhoven University of Technology The Netherlands
| | - Ruth Cardinaels
- Polymer Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering Eindhoven University of Technology The Netherlands
| | - Gerrit W. M. Peters
- Polymer Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering Eindhoven University of Technology The Netherlands
| | - Patrick D. Anderson
- Polymer Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering Eindhoven University of Technology The Netherlands
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Pepe J, Cleven LC, Suijkerbuijk EJMC, Dekkers ECA, Hermida-Merino D, Cardinaels R, Peters GWM, Anderson PD. A filament stretching rheometer for in situ X-ray experiments: Combining rheology and crystalline morphology characterization. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2020; 91:073903. [PMID: 32752831 DOI: 10.1063/5.0008224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We present a rheometer that combines the possibility to perform in situ X-ray experiments with a precise and locally controlled uniaxial extensional flow. It thus allows us to study the crystallization kinetics and morphology evolution combined with the rheological response to the applied flow field. A constant uniaxial deformation rate is ensured, thanks to a fast control scheme that drives the simultaneous movement of the top and bottom plates during a pulling experiment. A laser micrometer measures the time evolution of the smallest diameter, where the highest stress is concentrated. The rheometer has a copper temperature-controlled oven with the ability to reach 250 °C and a N2 connection to create an inert atmosphere during the experiments. The innovation of our rheometer is the fixed location of the midfilament position, which is possible because of the simultaneous controlled movement of the two end plates. The copper oven has been constructed with four ad hoc windows: two glass windows for laser access and two Kapton windows for X-ray access. The key feature is the ability to perfectly align the midfilament of the sample to the laser micrometer and to the incoming X-ray beam in a synchrotron radiation facility, making it possible to investigate the structure and morphologies developed during extensional flow. The rheological response measured with our rheometer for low-density polyethylene (LDPE) is in agreement with the linear viscoelastic envelope and with the results obtained from the existing extensional rheometers. To demonstrate the capability of the instrument, we have performed in situ-resolved X-ray experiments on LDPE samples exhibiting extensional flow-induced crystallization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Pepe
- Polymer Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Lucien C Cleven
- Polymer Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Eduard J M C Suijkerbuijk
- Equipment and Prototyping Center, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Erwin C A Dekkers
- Equipment and Prototyping Center, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel Hermida-Merino
- DUBBLE CRG BM26 at ESRF Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO), 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Ruth Cardinaels
- Polymer Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Gerrit W M Peters
- Polymer Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick D Anderson
- Polymer Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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9
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Poiseuille and extensional flow small-angle scattering for developing structure–rheology relationships in soft matter systems. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2019.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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10
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Kulichikhin VG, Skvortsov IY, Subbotin AV, Kotomin SV, Malkin AY. A Novel Technique for Fiber Formation: Mechanotropic Spinning-Principle and Realization. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E856. [PMID: 30960781 PMCID: PMC6403789 DOI: 10.3390/polym10080856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We present basic experimental data and the theoretical background of a novel technique for fiber spinning from polymer solutions. The principal feature of the advanced process is realization of phase separation with detachment of a solvent, accompanied by the orientation of macromolecules, under the action of high extension rates. This is similar in some respects to dry spinning, though the driving force is not diffusion with subsequent evaporation of a solvent but redistribution of polymer-solvent interactions in favor of polymer-polymer and solvent-solvent ones governed by mechanical stresses. A promise of this approach has been demonstrated by experiments performed with polyacrylonitrile solutions in different solvents and solutions of the rigid-chain aromatic polyamide. We examined mechanotropic fiber spinning in model experiments with stretching jets from a drop of polymer solution in different conditions, and then demonstrated the possibility of realizing this process in the stable long-term continuous mode. During extension, phase separation happens throughout the whole section of a jet, as was confirmed by visual observation. Then a solvent diffuses on a jet surface, forming a liquid shell on the oriented fiber. Instability of this cover due to surface tension leads either to formation of separate solvent drops "seating" on the fiber or to the flow of a solvent down to the Taylor cone. The separate liquid droplets can be easily taken off a fiber. The physics underlying this process is related to the analysis of the influence of macromolecule coil-to-stretched chain transition on the intermolecular interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valery G Kulichikhin
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences 29, Leninsky prospect, Moscow 119991, Russia.
| | - Ivan Yu Skvortsov
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences 29, Leninsky prospect, Moscow 119991, Russia.
| | - Andrey V Subbotin
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences 29, Leninsky prospect, Moscow 119991, Russia.
| | - Sergey V Kotomin
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences 29, Leninsky prospect, Moscow 119991, Russia.
| | - Alexander Ya Malkin
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences 29, Leninsky prospect, Moscow 119991, Russia.
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11
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Wingstrand SL, Shen B, Kornfield JA, Mortensen K, Parisi D, Vlassopoulos D, Hassager O. Rheological Link Between Polymer Melts with a High Molecular Weight Tail and Enhanced Formation of Shish-Kebabs. ACS Macro Lett 2017; 6:1268-1273. [PMID: 35650780 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.7b00718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Presence of an ultra high molecular weight (UHMw) fraction in flowing polymer melts is known to facilitate formation of oriented crystalline structures significantly. The UHMw fraction manifests itself as a minor tail in the molar mass distribution and is hardly detectable in the canonical characterization methods. In this study, alternatively, we demonstrate how the nonlinear extensional rheology reveals to be a very sensitive characterization tool for investigating the effect of the UHMw-tail on the structural ordering mechanism. Samples containing a UHMw-tail relative to samples without, exhibit a clear increase in extensional stress that is directly correlated with the crystalline orientation of the quenched samples. Extensional rheology, particularly, in combination with linear creep measurements, thus, enables the conformational evolution of the UHMw-tail to be studied and linked to the enhanced formation of oriented structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara L. Wingstrand
- Technical University of Denmark, Department of Chemical
and Biochemcial Engineering, Danish Polymer Center, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Bo Shen
- California Institute of Technology, Division of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Julie A. Kornfield
- California Institute of Technology, Division of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Kell Mortensen
- University of Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Institute, X-ray and Neutron Science, DK-2100 København Ø, Denmark
| | - Daniele Parisi
- Institute of Electronic
Structure and Laser, FORTH, Heraklion 71110, Crete Greece
- Department
of Materials Science and Technology, University of Crete, Heraklion 71003, Crete Greece
| | - Dimitris Vlassopoulos
- Institute of Electronic
Structure and Laser, FORTH, Heraklion 71110, Crete Greece
- Department
of Materials Science and Technology, University of Crete, Heraklion 71003, Crete Greece
| | - Ole Hassager
- Technical University of Denmark, Department of Chemical
and Biochemcial Engineering, Danish Polymer Center, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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12
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Kollmetz T, Georgopanos P, Handge UA. Rheology in shear and elongation and dielectric spectroscopy of polystyrene-block-poly(4-vinylpyridine) diblock copolymers. POLYMER 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2017.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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