1
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Thomsen TB, Almdal K, Meyer AS. Significance of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) substrate crystallinity on enzymatic degradation. N Biotechnol 2023; 78:162-172. [PMID: 37939899 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2023.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) is a semi-crystalline plastic polyester material with a global production volume of 83 Mt/year. PET is mainly used in textiles, but also widely used for packaging materials, notably plastic bottles, and is a major contributor to environmental plastic waste accumulation. Now that enzymes have been demonstrated to catalyze PET degradation, new options for sustainable bio-recycling of PET materials via enzymatic catalysis have emerged. The enzymatic degradation rate is strongly influenced by the properties of PET, notably the degree of crystallinity, XC. The higher the XC of the PET material, the slower the enzymatic rate. Crystallization of PET, resulting in increased XC, is induced thermally (via heating) and/or mechanically (via stretching), and the XC of most PET plastic bottles and microplastics exceeds what currently known enzymes can readily degrade. The enzymatic action occurs at the surface of the insoluble PET material and improves when the polyester chain mobility increases. The chain mobility increases drastically when the temperature exceeds the glass transition temperature, Tg, which is ∼40 °C at the surface layer of PET. Since PET crystallization starts at 70 °C, the ideal temperature for enzymatic degradation is just below 70 °C to balance high chain mobility and enzymatic reaction activation without inducing crystal formation. This paper reviews the current understanding on the properties of PET as an enzyme substrate and summarizes the most recent knowledge of how the crystalline and amorphous regions of PET form, and how the XC and the Tg impact the efficiency of enzymatic PET degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thore Bach Thomsen
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, DTU Bioengineering, Protein Chemistry and Enzyme Technology Section, Building 221, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Kristoffer Almdal
- DTU Chemistry, Building 206, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Anne S Meyer
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, DTU Bioengineering, Protein Chemistry and Enzyme Technology Section, Building 221, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark.
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2
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Xu J, Wang X, Chen L, Ao W, Zuo B, Zhang C, Wang X. Spatially Heterogeneous Dynamics in Supported Ultrathin Poly(ethylene terephthalate) Films Depend on the Thicknesses of the Film and the Adsorbed Layer. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianquan Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Wentao Ao
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Biao Zuo
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Cuiyun Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Xinping Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
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3
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Xing Z, Zhu N, Yang Y, Wang X, Zuo B. Alternating chain sequence weakening of interfacial molecular interactions enhances the Tg confinement effect of polymers. Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1038/s41428-022-00672-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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4
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Wei R, von Haugwitz G, Pfaff L, Mican J, Badenhorst CP, Liu W, Weber G, Austin HP, Bednar D, Damborsky J, Bornscheuer UT. Mechanism-Based Design of Efficient PET Hydrolases. ACS Catal 2022; 12:3382-3396. [PMID: 35368328 PMCID: PMC8939324 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c05856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is the most widespread synthetic polyester, having been utilized in textile fibers and packaging materials for beverages and food, contributing considerably to the global solid waste stream and environmental plastic pollution. While enzymatic PET recycling and upcycling have recently emerged as viable disposal methods for a circular plastic economy, only a handful of benchmark enzymes have been thoroughly described and subjected to protein engineering for improved properties over the last 16 years. By analyzing the specific material properties of PET and the reaction mechanisms in the context of interfacial biocatalysis, this Perspective identifies several limitations in current enzymatic PET degradation approaches. Unbalanced enzyme-substrate interactions, limited thermostability, and low catalytic efficiency at elevated reaction temperatures, and inhibition caused by oligomeric degradation intermediates still hamper industrial applications that require high catalytic efficiency. To overcome these limitations, successful protein engineering studies using innovative experimental and computational approaches have been published extensively in recent years in this thriving research field and are summarized and discussed in detail here. The acquired knowledge and experience will be applied in the near future to address plastic waste contributed by other mass-produced polymer types (e.g., polyamides and polyurethanes) that should also be properly disposed by biotechnological approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren Wei
- Institute
of Biochemistry, Department of Biotechnology & Enzyme Catalysis, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4, D-17487 Greifswald, Germany,
| | - Gerlis von Haugwitz
- Institute
of Biochemistry, Department of Biotechnology & Enzyme Catalysis, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4, D-17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Lara Pfaff
- Institute
of Biochemistry, Department of Biotechnology & Enzyme Catalysis, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4, D-17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jan Mican
- Loschmidt
Laboratories, Department of Experimental Biology and RECETOX, Faculty
of Science, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic,International
Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital and
Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 656 91 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Christoffel P.
S. Badenhorst
- Institute
of Biochemistry, Department of Biotechnology & Enzyme Catalysis, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4, D-17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Weidong Liu
- Tianjin
Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport
Economic Area, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Gert Weber
- Macromolecular
Crystallography, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin
für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Straße 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Harry P. Austin
- Institute
of Biochemistry, Department of Biotechnology & Enzyme Catalysis, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4, D-17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - David Bednar
- Loschmidt
Laboratories, Department of Experimental Biology and RECETOX, Faculty
of Science, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic,International
Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital and
Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 656 91 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Damborsky
- Loschmidt
Laboratories, Department of Experimental Biology and RECETOX, Faculty
of Science, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic,International
Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital and
Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 656 91 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Uwe T. Bornscheuer
- Institute
of Biochemistry, Department of Biotechnology & Enzyme Catalysis, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4, D-17487 Greifswald, Germany,
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5
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Chen B, Torkelson JM. Development of rigid amorphous fraction in cold‐crystallized syndiotactic polystyrene films confined near the nanoscale: Novel analysis via ellipsometry. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20220056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Boran Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Northwestern University Evanston Illinois USA
| | - John M. Torkelson
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Northwestern University Evanston Illinois USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Northwestern University Evanston Illinois USA
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6
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Park J, Han S, Park H, Lee J, Cho S, Seo M, Kim BJ, Choi SQ. Simultaneous Measurement of Glass-Transition Temperature and Crystallinity of As-Prepared Polymeric Films from Restitution. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinwon Park
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Seongsoo Han
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Hyeonjung Park
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Jaehong Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Suchan Cho
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Myungeun Seo
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
- KAIST Institute for the Nanocentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Bumjoon J. Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
- KAIST Institute for the Nanocentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Siyoung Q. Choi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
- KAIST Institute for the Nanocentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
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7
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Relaxation behavior of polymer thin films: Effects of free surface, buried interface, and geometrical confinement. Prog Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2021.101431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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8
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Zha H, Wang Q, Wang X, Cangialosi D, Zuo B. Enhanced Free Surface Mobility Facilitates the Release of Free-Volume Holes in Thin-Film Polymer Glasses. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zha
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Xinping Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Daniele Cangialosi
- Centro de Física de Materiales, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, San Sebastian 20018, Spain
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, San Sebastian 20018, Spain
| | - Biao Zuo
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
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9
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Wu X, Xu J, Sun W, Hong Y, Zhang C, Zhang L, Wang X. Interfacial Effect in Supported Thin PET Films Covered with a Thin PPO Layer. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Jianquan Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Weihan Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Yongming Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Cuiyun Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Xinping Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
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10
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Xu J, Lv C, Du B, Wang X, Tsui OKC. Effective Viscosity of Unentangled Random Copolymer Films of Styrene and 4-Methoxystyrene with Different Copolymer Compositions. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianquan Xu
- Department of Physics, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chao Lv
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Binyang Du
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Xinping Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Ophelia K. C. Tsui
- Department of Physics, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China
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11
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Ma MC, Guo YL. Physical Properties of Polymers Under Soft and Hard Nanoconfinement: A Review. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-020-2380-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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12
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Chai Y, Salez T, Forrest JA. Using Mw Dependence of Surface Dynamics of Glassy Polymers to Probe the Length Scale of Free-Surface Mobility. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chai
- Department of Physics, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Thomas Salez
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, LOMA, UMR 5798, F-33405 Talence, France
- Global Station for Soft Matter, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0808, Japan
| | - James A. Forrest
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
- Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 2Y5, Canada
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13
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Lee S, Lee W, Yamada NL, Tanaka K, Kim JH, Lee H, Ryu DY. Instability of Polystyrene Film and Thermal Behaviors Mediated by Unfavorable Silicon Oxide Interlayer. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seungjae Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Wooseop Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Norifumi L. Yamada
- Neutron Science Division, Institute for Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, 203-1 Shirakata, Tokai-mura, Naka-gun, Ibaraki 319-1106, Japan
| | - Keiji Tanaka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Jong Hak Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Hoyeon Lee
- Neutron Science Center, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 989 Daedeok-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34057, Korea
| | - Du Yeol Ryu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea
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14
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Li SJ, Qian HJ, Lu ZY. A simulation study on the glass transition behavior and relevant segmental dynamics in free-standing polymer nanocomposite films. SOFT MATTER 2019; 15:4476-4485. [PMID: 31111851 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm00267g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In polymer/nanoparticle composite (PNC) thin films, polymer chains experience strong confinement effects not only at the free surface area but also from nanoparticles (NPs). In this work, the influence of NP-polymer interaction and NP distribution on the polymer segmental dynamics and the glass transition behavior of PNC free-standing films are investigated through molecular dynamics simulations. We demonstrate that NPs will migrate to the film surface area and form an NP-concentrated layer when NP-polymer interactions are weak, while NPs are well dispersed in the bulk region when NP-polymer interactions are strong. In both cases, we find increases in the glass transition temperature Tg compared with the pure film without NPs, although with a different degree. The weakly interacting system has the same Tg as the pure bulk system without NPs. The NP layer formed at the surface area reduces both the mobility of the surface polymer beads and the mobility gradient in the film normal direction (MGFND), therefore resulting in an increase in the Tg which highlights the vital role of the mobile surface layer. In contrast, the NPs in the bulk region enlarge the MGFND. NPs have opposite influences on the polymer bead dynamic anisotropy when they interact weakly or strongly with polymers, weakened for the former and enhanced for the latter. These findings offer a clear picture of the segmental dynamics and glass transition behavior in free-standing PNC films with different NP-polymer interaction strengths. We hope these results will be helpful for the property design of related materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Jia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, International Joint Research Laboratory of Nano-Micro Architecture Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
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15
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Zuo B, Wang F, Hao Z, He H, Zhang S, Priestley RD, Wang X. Influence of the Interfacial Effect on Polymer Thin-Film Dynamics Scaled by the Distance of Chain Mobility Suppression by the Substrate. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b00226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Biao Zuo
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Fengliang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Zhiwei Hao
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Haolin He
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Shasha Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Rodney D. Priestley
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Xinping Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
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16
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The Glass-Transition Temperature of Supported PMMA Thin Films with Hydrogen Bond/Plasmonic Interface. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11040601. [PMID: 30960584 PMCID: PMC6523344 DOI: 10.3390/polym11040601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The interfacial effect is one of the significant factors in the glass-transition temperature (Tg) of the polymeric thin film system, competing against the free surface effect. Herein, the Tgs of poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) films with different thicknesses and substrates are studied by fluorescence measurements, focusing on the influence of interfacial effects on the Tgs. The strong interaction between PMMA and quartz substrate leads to increased Tgs with the decreased thickness of the film. The plasmonic silver substrate causes enhanced fluorescence intensity near the interface, resulting in the delayed reduction of the Tgs with the increasing film thickness. Moreover, as a proof of the interface-dependent Tgs, hydrogen bonds of PMMA/quartz and molecules orientation of PMMA/silver are explored by the Raman spectroscopy, and the interfacial interaction energy is calculated by the molecular dynamics simulation. In this study, we probe the inter-relationship between the interfacial interactions arising from the different substrates and the Tg behavior of polymer thin films.
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17
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Xu J, Zhang H, Li J, Zhang L, Zuo B, Tsui OKC, Wang X. Conformation-Sensitive Surface Dynamics in Thin Poly(ethylene terephthalate) Film. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b02284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianquan Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Haosong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Jiachen Li
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Biao Zuo
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Ophelia K. C. Tsui
- Department of Physics, Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xinping Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
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18
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Chehrazi E, Taheri-Qazvini N. Segmental Dynamics and Cooperativity Length of PMMA/SAN Miscible Blend Intercalated in Organically Modified Nanoclay. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:14358-14367. [PMID: 30379548 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b03160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The effect of nanoconfinement on the segmental dynamics of a poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)/poly(styrene- ran-acrylonitrile) (SAN) miscible blend, intercalated into the interlayer spacing of the organically modified nanoclay (OMNC), was investigated using dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) methods. We reported an unusual phenomenon in which the weak interfacial interactions between the polymer chains and OMNCs was responsible for increase in segmental mobility at the glass-transition temperature ( Tg). Remarkably, we found a positive correlation between dynamic fragility and thermodynamic fragility, in which both fragilities decreased under nanoconfinement. The cooperative length of segmental motions, or length of cooperatively rearranging regions, ξCRR, decreased from 2.64 nm for the PMMA/SAN blend to 1.86 nm for the PMMA/SAN/OMNC nanocomposite. The segmental mobility of the PMMA/SAN/OMNC model was also studied using the molecular dynamics simulations. The simulation results showed the increased segmental mobility of the PMMA/SAN chains in the presence of OMNCs, which is in agreement with the DMA and DSC results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Chehrazi
- Department of Polymer Reactions Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering , Tarbiat Modares University , Tehran , P.O. Box 14155-143 , Iran
- Department of Polymer Engineering , Amirkabir University of Technology , Mahshahr Branch , Mahshahr , P.O. Box 6351713178 , Iran
| | - Nader Taheri-Qazvini
- Department of Chemical Engineering , University of South Carolina , Columbia , South Carolina 29208 , United States
- Biomedical Engineering Program , University of South Carolina , Columbia , South Carolina 29208 , United States
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19
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Roy S, Luzhbin DA, Chen YL. Investigation of nematic to smectic phase transition and dynamical properties of strongly confined semiflexible polymers using Langevin dynamics. SOFT MATTER 2018; 14:7382-7389. [PMID: 30203825 DOI: 10.1039/c8sm01100a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the nematic to smectic phase transition for strongly confined semiflexible polymer solutions in slit-like confinements using GPU-accelerated Langevin dynamics. We characterized the phase transitions from the nematic to smectic phases for semi-flexible polymer solutions as the polymer density increased. The dependence for the lyotropic nematic to smectic transition can be collapsed by scaling exponents between 0.2 and 0.3. The smectic C phase is found for all the cases with the polymer orientation director tilted with respect to smectic layer lateral alignment. As the chain rigidity increases, the transition density decreases for systems in which the polymer persistence length (P) to slit height (H) ratios are 1.25, 2.5, 3.75, 5 and 25. We also characterized the polymer dynamics for the isotropic-nematic-smectic transitions. The overall polymer diffusivity decreased steadily as the polymer density increased. We observed anomalous polymer diffusion along the nematic director near the isotropic-nematic transition, similar to previously reported behavior for nematic-forming ellipsoids. Polymer diffusivity decreased sharply by two orders of magnitude upon the nematic-smectic transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supriya Roy
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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20
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Monnier X, Fernandes Nassar S, Domenek S, Guinault A, Sollogoub C, Dargent E, Delpouve N. Reduced physical aging rates of polylactide in polystyrene/polylactide multilayer films from fast scanning calorimetry. POLYMER 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2018.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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21
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Hong Y, Li Y, Wang F, Zuo B, Wang X, Zhang L, Kawaguchi D, Tanaka K. Enhanced Thermal Stability of Polystyrene by Interfacial Noncovalent Interactions. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yongming Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Yawei Li
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Fengliang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Biao Zuo
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Xinping Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
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22
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Luo S, Kui X, Xing E, Wang X, Xue G, Schick C, Hu W, Zhuravlev E, Zhou D. Interplay between Free Surface and Solid Interface Nucleation on Two-Step Crystallization of Poly(ethylene terephthalate) Thin Films Studied by Fast Scanning Calorimetry. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b00692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shaochuan Luo
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, and The State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Xing Kui
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, and The State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Enran Xing
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, and The State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoliang Wang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, and The State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Gi Xue
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, and The State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Christoph Schick
- Institute of Physics, University of Rostock, Wismarsche Str. 43-45, 18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - Wenbing Hu
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, and The State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Evgeny Zhuravlev
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, and The State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
- Institute of Physics, University of Rostock, Wismarsche Str. 43-45, 18051 Rostock, Germany
- Shenzhen Research Institute, Nanjing University, Shenzhen 518057, P. R. China
| | - Dongshan Zhou
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, and The State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Xinjiang Key Laboratory and Phase Transitions and Microstructures in Condensed Matters, Yili Normal University, Yining 835000, P. R. China
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23
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Tiwari A, Miyashita N, Espallargas N, Persson BNJ. Rubber friction: The contribution from the area of real contact. J Chem Phys 2018; 148:224701. [PMID: 29907043 DOI: 10.1063/1.5037136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
There are two contributions to the friction force when a rubber block is sliding on a hard and rough substrate surface, namely, a contribution Fad = τf A from the area of real contact A and a viscoelastic contribution Fvisc from the pulsating forces exerted by the substrate asperities on the rubber block. Here we present experimental results obtained at different sliding speeds and temperatures, and we show that the temperature dependency of the shear stress τf, for temperatures above the rubber glass transition temperature Tg, is weaker than that of the bulk viscoelastic modulus. The physical origin of τf for T > Tg is discussed, and we propose that its temperature dependency is determined by the rubber molecule segment mobility at the sliding interface, which is higher than in the bulk because of increased free-volume effect due to the short-wavelength surface roughness. This is consistent with the often observed reduction in the glass transition temperature in nanometer-thick surface layers of glassy polymers. For temperatures T < Tg, the shear stress τf is nearly velocity independent and of similar magnitude as observed for glassy polymers such as PMMA or polyethylene. In this case, the rubber undergoes plastic deformations in the asperity contact regions and the contact area is determined by the rubber penetration hardness. For this case, we propose that the frictional shear stress is due to slip at the interface between the rubber and a transfer film adsorbed on the concrete surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Tiwari
- PGI-1, FZ Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - N Miyashita
- The Yokohama Rubber Company, 2-1 Oiwake, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 254-8601, Japan
| | - N Espallargas
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Richard Birkelandsvei 2B, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway
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24
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Xu J, Li Y, Wu X, Zuo B, Wang X, Zhang W, Tsui OKC. Thickness of the Surface Mobile Layer with Accelerated Crystallization Kinetics in Poly(ethylene terephthalate) Films: Direct Measurement and Analysis. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b00396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianquan Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Yun Li
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Xiaoling Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Biao Zuo
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Xinping Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Ophelia K. C. Tsui
- Department of Physics, Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
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25
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Zuo B, Inutsuka M, Kawaguchi D, Wang X, Tanaka K. Conformational Relaxation of Poly(styrene-co-butadiene) Chains at Substrate Interface in Spin-Coated and Solvent-Cast Films. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b02756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Biao Zuo
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology of Education Ministry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, P. R. China
| | | | | | - Xinping Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology of Education Ministry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, P. R. China
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26
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Luo S, Chen Y, Sha Y, Xue G, Zhuravlev E, Schick C, Wang X, Zhou D, Li L. Molecular weight and interfacial effect on the kinetic stabilization of ultrathin polystyrene films. POLYMER 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2017.11.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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27
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Cangialosi D. Glass Transition and Physical Aging of Confined Polymers Investigated by Calorimetric Techniques. RECENT ADVANCES, TECHNIQUES AND APPLICATIONS 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-64062-8.00013-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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28
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Ren W, Wang Y, Chen X, Zuo B, Zhou X, Wang X. Segmental Relaxation Dynamics of the Core and Corona in a Single Dry Micelle. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b02237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weizhao Ren
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Yuping Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Biao Zuo
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Xianjing Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Xinping Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
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29
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Xu J, Liu Z, Lan Y, Zuo B, Wang X, Yang J, Zhang W, Hu W. Mobility Gradient of Poly(ethylene terephthalate) Chains near a Substrate Scaled by the Thickness of the Adsorbed Layer. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b00922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianquan Xu
- Department
of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing
Technology of the Education Ministry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Zhenshan Liu
- Department
of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing
Technology of the Education Ministry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Yang Lan
- Department
of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing
Technology of the Education Ministry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Biao Zuo
- Department
of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing
Technology of the Education Ministry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Xinping Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing
Technology of the Education Ministry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Juping Yang
- Department
of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing
Technology of the Education Ministry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing
Technology of the Education Ministry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Wenbing Hu
- Department
of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Lab of Coordination
Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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