1
|
Ji Y, Yang B, Cai F, Song T, Yu H. Steerable mass transport in a photoresponsive system for advanced anticounterfeiting. iScience 2024; 27:108790. [PMID: 38292421 PMCID: PMC10826315 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.108790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Numerous anticounterfeiting platforms using photoresponsive materials have been designed to improve information security, enabling applications in anticounterfeiting technology. However, fabricating sophisticated micro/nanostructures using bidirectional mass transport to achieve advanced anticounterfeiting remains challenging. Here, we propose one strategy to achieve steerable mass transport in a photoresponsive system with the assistance of solvent vapor at room temperature. Upon optimizing the host-guest ratio and the width of photoisomerized areas, wettability gradient is acquired just photo-patterning once, then bidirectional mass transport is realized due to the competition of mass transport induced by surface energy gradient of the material itself and flow of the solvent on the film surface with wettability gradient. Taking advantage of the interaction between solvent and film surface with wettability gradient, this bidirectional polymer flow has been successfully applied in multi-mode anticounterfeiting. This work paves a promising avenue toward high-level information storage in soft materials, demonstrating the potential applications in anticounterfeiting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yufan Ji
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Bowen Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Feng Cai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Tianfu Song
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Haifeng Yu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yamaguchi T, Ogawa M. Photoinduced movement: how photoirradiation induced the movements of matter. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS 2022; 23:796-844. [PMID: 36465797 PMCID: PMC9718566 DOI: 10.1080/14686996.2022.2142955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Pioneered by the success on active transport of ions across membranes in 1980 using the regulation of the binding properties of crown ethers with covalently linked photoisomerizable units, extensive studies on the movements by using varied interactions between moving objects and environments have been reported. Photoinduced movements of various objects ranging from molecules, polymers to microscopic particles were discussed from the aspects of the driving for the movements, materials design to achieve the movements and systems design to see and to utilize the movements are summarized in this review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuo Yamaguchi
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Makoto Ogawa
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Rayong, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Usgaonkar SS, Ellison CJ, Kumar S. Controlling Surface Deformation and Feature Aspect Ratio in Photochemically Induced Marangoni Patterning of Polymer Films. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:7400-7412. [PMID: 35671396 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c00179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Thin liquid polymer films can be topographically patterned when polymer/air interfaces are deformed by surface-tension gradients. Toward this end, a recently developed method first photochemically patterns surface-tension gradients along a solid, flat polymer film. On heating to the liquid state, the film initially develops topography reflecting the patterned surface-tension gradients. But capillary leveling and diffusion of the photoproduct oppose this causing the features to eventually decay back to a flat film upon extended thermal annealing. Intuitively, this interplay between competing mechanisms sets a limit on the maximum film deformation during the process. Prior studies show that the initial film thickness, photomask periodicity, and amount of photochemical conversion significantly affect the maximum film deformation. Here, we use a model based on lubrication theory to develop additional insights into this observation. We identify two regimes, capillary-leveling-dominated and photoproduct-diffusion-dominated, wherein the respective dominant mechanism determines the maximum film deformation that can be additionally related to various experimental parameters. Scaling laws for the variation of maximum film deformation and aspect ratio with film thickness and surface-tension pattern periodicity are also developed. Complementary experiments show good agreement with model predictions. Insights into the effect of surface-tension pattern asymmetry on the maximum film deformation are also provided. These findings reveal mechanistic detail and fundamental principles that are useful for controlling the process to form target patterns of interest.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Shenvi Usgaonkar
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Christopher J Ellison
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Satish Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang D, Liu D, Ubukata T, Seki T. Unconventional Approaches to Light-promoted Dynamic Surface Morphing on Polymer Films. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2021. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20210348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dongyu Zhang
- Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Helix building STO 0.41, Het Kranenveld 14, 5612AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Danqing Liu
- Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Helix building STO 0.41, Het Kranenveld 14, 5612AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Takashi Ubukata
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
| | - Takahiro Seki
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Usgaonkar SS, Ellison CJ, Kumar S. Achieving Stable Patterns in Multicomponent Polymer Thin Films Using Marangoni and van der Waals Forces. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:6660-6672. [PMID: 34047566 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c00518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Liquid-air interfaces can be deformed by surface-tension gradients to create topography, a phenomenon useful for polymer film patterning. A recently developed method creates these gradients by photochemically patterning a solid polymer film. Heating the film to the liquid state leads to flow driven by the patterned surface-tension gradients, but capillary leveling and diffusion of surface-active species facilitate eventual dissipation of the topography. However, experiments demonstrate that using blends of high- and low-molar-mass polymers can considerably delay the decay in topography. To gain insight into this observation, we develop a model based on lubrication theory that yields coupled nonlinear partial differential equations describing how the film height and species concentrations evolve with time and space. Incorporation of a nonmonotonic disjoining pressure is found to significantly increase the lifetime of topographical features, making the model predictions qualitatively consistent with experiments. A parametric study reveals the key variables controlling the kinetics of film deformation and provides guidelines for photochemically induced Marangoni patterning of polymer films.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Shenvi Usgaonkar
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Christopher J Ellison
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Satish Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
|
7
|
Kitamura I, Kato K, Berk RB, Nakai T, Hara M, Nagano S, Seki T. Photo-triggered large mass transport driven only by a photoresponsive surface skin layer. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12664. [PMID: 32728143 PMCID: PMC7391747 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69605-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the discovery 25 years ago, many investigations have reported light-induced macroscopic mass migration of azobenzene-containing polymer films. Various mechanisms have been proposed to account for these motions. This study explores light-inert side chain liquid crystalline polymer (SCLCP) films with a photoresponsive polymer only at the free surface and reports the key effects of the topmost surface to generate surface relief gratings (SRGs) for SCLCP films. The top-coating with an azobenzene-containing SCLCP is achieved by the Langmuir-Schaefer (LS) method or surface segregation. A negligible amount of the photoresponsive skin layer can induce large SRGs upon patterned UV light irradiation. Conversely, the motion of the SRG-forming azobenzene SCLCP is impeded by the existence of a LS monolayer of the octadecyl side chain polymer on the top. These results are well understood by considering the Marangoni flow driven by the surface tension instability. This approach should pave the way toward in-situ inscription of the surface topography for light-inert materials and eliminate the strong light absorption of azobenzene, which is a drawback in optical device applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Issei Kitamura
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Keisuke Kato
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Rafael Benjamin Berk
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technical University of Munich, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Takashi Nakai
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Hara
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Shusaku Nagano
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Rikkyo University, 3-34-1 Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo, 171-8501, Japan.
| | - Takahiro Seki
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kitamura I, Oishi K, Hara M, Nagano S, Seki T. Photoinitiated Marangoni flow morphing in a liquid crystalline polymer film directed by super-inkjet printing patterns. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2556. [PMID: 30796238 PMCID: PMC6385296 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-38709-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Slight contaminations existing in a material lead to substantial defects in applied paint. Herein, we propose a strategy to convert this nuisance to a technologically useful process by using an azobenzene-containing side chain liquid crystalline (SCLCP) polymer. This method allows for a developer-free phototriggered surface fabrication. The mass migration is initiated by UV-light irradiation and directed by super-inkjet printed patterns using another polymer on the SCLCP film surface. UV irradiation results in a liquid crystal-to-isotropic phase transition, and this phase change immediately initiates a mass migration to form crater or trench structures due to the surface tension instability known as Marangoni flow. The transferred volume of the film reaches approximately 440-fold that of the polymer ink, and therefore, the printed ink pattern acts as a latent image towards the amplification of surface morphing. This printing-aided photoprocess for surface inscription is expected to provide a new platform of polymer microfabrication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Issei Kitamura
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Oishi
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Hara
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Shusaku Nagano
- Nagoya University Venture Business Laboratory, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan.
| | - Takahiro Seki
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Chambers LC, Huang Y, Jack KS, Blakey I. Spatial control of the topography of photo-sensitive block copolymer thin films. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py00200f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Spatially controlling self-assembly of block copolymer thin films through photoinduced molecular interactions that significantly impact on the glass transition temperature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lewis C. Chambers
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology
- The University of Queensland
- Brisbane
- Australia
| | - Yun Huang
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology
- The University of Queensland
- Brisbane
- Australia
| | - Kevin S. Jack
- Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis
- The University of Queensland
- Brisbane
- Australia
| | - Idriss Blakey
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology
- The University of Queensland
- Brisbane
- Australia
- Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Khalesi Moghaddam R, Goharpey F, Khademzadeh Yeganeh J. Interplay between phase separation and dewetting in PS/PVME thin films: effect of temperature. SOFT MATTER 2018; 14:6684-6695. [PMID: 30062346 DOI: 10.1039/c8sm00445e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We studied the effects of temperature on the interplay between dewetting and phase separation at shallow and deep depths at two-phase temperatures in PS/PVME polymer blend thin films. Optical microscopy, AFM measurements, and ellipsometry analysis were performed to investigate the dewetting behavior of the films. At the deep quench depth (phase separation temperature of 115 °C), a two-layer film formed, consisting of a thin PVME layer directly on the surface of a silicon wafer (as the wetting layer) and a bulk layer which was the upper layer. In the bulk layer, the phase separation mechanism was controlled by an apparent nucleation and growth mechanism, which was driven by entropic and anisotropic limitations rather than thermodynamic preferences. After about 106 min of annealing, liquid-liquid dewetting occurred in the interface of the formed layers, triggered by Laplace pressure differences. However, at the shallow quench depth (phase separation temperature of 95 °C), a tri-layered structure formed in the thin films and concentration fluctuations at the interfaces of the formed layers triggered surface fluctuations and instabilities (dewetting phenomenon).
Collapse
|