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Zhang Y, Song B, Liu Z, Noon A, Dietlin C, Morlet-Savary F, Schmitt M, Gigmes D, Dumur F, Lalevée J. High Photoinitiating Efficiency of Benzothioxanthene-Based Oxime Esters in Photopolymerization via Photocleavage and/or Single Electron Transfer under Visible Light and Sunlight. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202405337. [PMID: 38877857 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202405337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
In this work, six benzothioxanthene-based oxime esters were employed as photoinitiators for photopolymerization under visible light (LED) and sunlight. Their abilities to behave as Type I photoinitiators by mean of a photocleavage mechanism of oxime esters but also in multicomponent photoinitiating systems with an iodonium salt (through an electron transfer mechanism) were both explored with the different structures. Due to their broad absorption spectra tailing up 600 nm, photoinitiating properties of the benzothioxanthene-based oxime esters were systematically tested under excitation with low-intensity LED light at wavelengths of 405 nm and 450 nm. Additionally, parallel to the polymerization tests done under artificial light, the different benzothioxanthene-based oxime esters were also investigated as solar photoinitiators and displayed a high reactivity in France (Western Europe) even in winter conditions. For the best candidates i.e. the most reactive structures, direct laser write experiments were carried out, evidencing the interest of these structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijun Zhang
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse (IS2M-CNRS UMR 7361), Université de Haute-Alsace, 68100, Mulhouse, France
- Université de Strasbourg
| | - Bin Song
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse (IS2M-CNRS UMR 7361), Université de Haute-Alsace, 68100, Mulhouse, France
- Université de Strasbourg
| | - Zheng Liu
- Institut de Chimie Radicalaire (ICR-CNRS, UMR 7273), Aix-Marseille Université, 13397, Marseille, France
| | - Adel Noon
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse (IS2M-CNRS UMR 7361), Université de Haute-Alsace, 68100, Mulhouse, France
- Université de Strasbourg
| | - Céline Dietlin
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse (IS2M-CNRS UMR 7361), Université de Haute-Alsace, 68100, Mulhouse, France
- Université de Strasbourg
| | - Fabrice Morlet-Savary
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse (IS2M-CNRS UMR 7361), Université de Haute-Alsace, 68100, Mulhouse, France
- Université de Strasbourg
| | - Michael Schmitt
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse (IS2M-CNRS UMR 7361), Université de Haute-Alsace, 68100, Mulhouse, France
- Université de Strasbourg
| | - Didier Gigmes
- Institut de Chimie Radicalaire (ICR-CNRS, UMR 7273), Aix-Marseille Université, 13397, Marseille, France
| | - Frédéric Dumur
- Institut de Chimie Radicalaire (ICR-CNRS, UMR 7273), Aix-Marseille Université, 13397, Marseille, France
| | - Jacques Lalevée
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse (IS2M-CNRS UMR 7361), Université de Haute-Alsace, 68100, Mulhouse, France
- Université de Strasbourg
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2
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Michenfelder RT, Pashley‐Johnson F, Guschin V, Delafresnaye L, Truong VX, Wagenknecht H, Barner‐Kowollik C. Photochemical Action Plots Map Orthogonal Reactivity in Photochemical Release Systems. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2402011. [PMID: 38852174 PMCID: PMC11304248 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202402011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
The wavelength-by-wavelength resolved photoreactivity of two photo-caged carboxylic acids, i. e. 7-(diethylamino)-coumarin- and 3-perylene-modified substrates, is investigated via photochemical action plots. The observed wavelength-dependent reactivity of the chromophores is contrasted with their absorption profile. The photochemical action plots reveal a remarkable mismatch between the maximum reactivity and the absorbance. Through the action plot data, the study is able to uncover photochemical reactivity maxima at longer and shorter wavelengths, where the molar absorptivity of the chromophores is strongly reduced. Finally, the laser experiments are translated to light emitting diode (LED) irradiation and show efficient visible-light-induced release in a near fully wavelength-orthogonal, sequence-independent fashion (λLED1 = 405 nm, λLED2 = 505 nm) with both chromophores in the same reaction solution. The herein pioneered wavelength orthogonal release systems open an avenue for releasing two different molecular cargos with visible light in a fully orthogonal fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita T. Michenfelder
- School of Chemistry and PhysicsCentre for Materials ScienceQueensland University of Technology (QUT)2 George StBrisbaneQLD4000Australia
- Institute of Organic ChemistryKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Fritz‐Haber‐Weg 676131KarlsruheGermany
- Institute of NanotechnologyKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Hermann‐von‐Helmholtz‐Platz 176344Eggenstein‐LeopoldshafenGermany
| | - Fred Pashley‐Johnson
- School of Chemistry and PhysicsCentre for Materials ScienceQueensland University of Technology (QUT)2 George StBrisbaneQLD4000Australia
- Polymer Chemistry Research GroupCentre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC) and Laboratory of Organic SynthesisDepartment of Organic and Macromolecular ChemistryFaculty of SciencesGhent UniversityKrijgslaan 281‐S4Ghent9000Belgium
| | - Viktor Guschin
- Institute of Organic ChemistryKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Fritz‐Haber‐Weg 676131KarlsruheGermany
- Institute of NanotechnologyKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Hermann‐von‐Helmholtz‐Platz 176344Eggenstein‐LeopoldshafenGermany
| | - Laura Delafresnaye
- School of Chemistry and PhysicsCentre for Materials ScienceQueensland University of Technology (QUT)2 George StBrisbaneQLD4000Australia
| | - Vinh X. Truong
- Institute of Sustainability for ChemicalsEnergy and Environment (ISCE2)Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR)1 Pesek Round, Jurong IslandSingapore627833Republic of Singapore
| | - Hans‐Achim Wagenknecht
- Institute of Organic ChemistryKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Fritz‐Haber‐Weg 676131KarlsruheGermany
| | - Christopher Barner‐Kowollik
- School of Chemistry and PhysicsCentre for Materials ScienceQueensland University of Technology (QUT)2 George StBrisbaneQLD4000Australia
- Institute of NanotechnologyKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Hermann‐von‐Helmholtz‐Platz 176344Eggenstein‐LeopoldshafenGermany
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3
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Feng J, Zhang Y, Morlet-Savary F, Schmitt M, Zhang J, Xiao P, Dumur F, Lalevée J. Ultrafast Sunlight-Induced Polymerization: Unveiling 2-Phenylnaphtho[2,3-d]Thiazole-4,9-dione as a Unique Scaffold for High-Speed and Precision 3D Printing. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2400230. [PMID: 38501752 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202400230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
A series of 15 dyes based on the 2-phenylnaphtho[2,3-d]thiazole-4,9-dione scaffold and 1 compound based on the 2,3-diphenyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrobenzo[g]quinoxaline-5,10-dione scaffold are studied as photoinitiators. These compounds are used in two- and three-component high-performance photoinitiating systems for the free radical polymerization of trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA) and polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA) under sunlight. Remarkably, the conversion of TMPTA can reach ≈60% within 20 s, while PEGDA attains a 96% conversion within 90 s. To delve into the intricate chemical mechanisms governing the polymerization, an array of analytical techniques is employed. Specifically, UV-vis absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy, steady-state photolysis, stability experiments, fluorescence quenching experiments, cyclic voltammetry, and electron spin resonance spin trapping (ESR-ST) experiments, collectively contribute to a comprehensive understanding of the photochemical mechanisms. Photoinitiation capacities of these systems are determined using real-time Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (RT-FTIR). Of particular interest is the revelation that, owing to the superior initiation ability of these dyes, high-resolution 3D patterns can be manufactured by direct laser write (DLW) technology and 3D printing. This underscores the efficient initiation of free radical polymerization processes by the newly developed dyes under both artificial and natural light sources, presenting an avenue for energy-saving, and environmentally friendly polymerization conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Feng
- Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, IS2M UMR7361, Mulhouse, F-68100, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, F-67081, France
| | - Yijun Zhang
- Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, IS2M UMR7361, Mulhouse, F-68100, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, F-67081, France
| | - Fabrice Morlet-Savary
- Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, IS2M UMR7361, Mulhouse, F-68100, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, F-67081, France
| | - Michael Schmitt
- Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, IS2M UMR7361, Mulhouse, F-68100, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, F-67081, France
| | - Jing Zhang
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, South Australia, 5095, Australia
| | - Pu Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
| | - Frédéric Dumur
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR, UMR 7273, Marseille, F-13397, France
| | - Jacques Lalevée
- Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, IS2M UMR7361, Mulhouse, F-68100, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, F-67081, France
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4
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Li R, Guo H, Luo X, Wang Q, Pang Y, Li S, Liu S, Li J, Strehmel B, Chen Z. Type I Photoinitiator Based on Sustainable Carbon Dots. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202404454. [PMID: 38683297 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202404454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Sustainable carbon dots comprising surficial oxime ester groups following homolytic bond cleavage exhibit potential as photoinitiators for traditional free radical photopolymerization. Carbon dots were made following a solvothermal procedure from sustainable furfural available from lignocellulose. Surficial aldehyde moieties reacted with hydroxylamine to the respective oxime while reaction with benzoyl chloride resulted in a biobased Type I photoinitiator comprising sustainable carbon dot (CD-PI). Photoinitiating ability was compared with the traditional photoinitiator (PI) ethyl (2,4,6-trimethyl benzoyl) phenyl phosphinate (TPO-L) by real-time FTIR with UV exposure at 365 nm. Photopolymer composition based on a mixture of urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA) and tripropylene glycol diacrylate (TPGDA) resulted in a similar final conversion of about 70 % using either CD-PI or TPO-L. Nevertheless, it appeared homogeneous in the case of compositions processed with CD-PI, while those made with TPO-L were heterogeneous as shown by two glass transition temperatures. Moreover, the migration rate of CD-PI in the cured samples was lower in comparison with those samples using TPO-L as PI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiping Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Hexing Road 26, 150040, Harbin, P. R. China
- Heilongjiang International Joint Lab of Advanced Biomass Materials, Northeast Forestry University, Hexing Road 26, 150040, Harbin, China
| | - Hongda Guo
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Hexing Road 26, 150040, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Xiongfei Luo
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Hexing Road 26, 150040, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Qunying Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Coatings and Surface Chemistry, Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, Adlerstr. 1, D-47798, Krefeld, Germany
| | - Yulian Pang
- Hubei Gurun Technology Co., LTD, Jingmen Chemical Recycling Industrial Park, 448000, Jingmen, Hubei Province, P. R. China
| | - Shujun Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Hexing Road 26, 150040, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Shouxin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Hexing Road 26, 150040, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Jian Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Hexing Road 26, 150040, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Bernd Strehmel
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Coatings and Surface Chemistry, Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, Adlerstr. 1, D-47798, Krefeld, Germany
| | - Zhijun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Hexing Road 26, 150040, Harbin, P. R. China
- Heilongjiang International Joint Lab of Advanced Biomass Materials, Northeast Forestry University, Hexing Road 26, 150040, Harbin, China
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5
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Utroša P, Carroll JA, Žagar E, Pahovnik D, Barner-Kowollik C. Wavelength-Dependent Activation of Photoacids and Bases. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400820. [PMID: 38684451 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Photoacids and bases allow remote control over pH in reaction solutions, which is of fundamental importance to an array of applications. Herein, we determine the wavelength-by-wavelength resolved photoreactivity of triarylsulfonium hexafluorophosphate salts as a representative photoacid generator and p-(benzoyl)benzyl triethylammonium tetraphenylborate as a photobase generator, constructing a wavelength-resolved photochemical action plot for each of the compounds. We monitor the pH change of the solution on-line within the cavity of the laser vial and demonstrate a marked mismatch between the absorption spectrum of the photoacid and base with the photochemical action plot, unveiling reactivity at very low absorptivities. Our findings are of critical importance for the use of photoacids and bases, unambiguously demonstrating that absorption is no guide to chemical reactivity with critical consequences for the wavelength employed in applications of photoacids and bases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Utroša
- Department of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Joshua A Carroll
- Centre for Materials Science, School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, QLD 4000, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Ema Žagar
- Department of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - David Pahovnik
- Department of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- Centre for Materials Science, School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, QLD 4000, Brisbane, Australia
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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6
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Gao T, Zhang Y, Morlet-Savary F, Graff B, Zhang J, Xiao P, Dumur F, Lalevée J. Novel High-Performance Glyoxylate Derivative-Based Photoinitiators for Free Radical Photopolymerization and 3D Printing with Visible LED. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2400234. [PMID: 38426650 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202400234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Investigations concerning the glyoxylate moiety as a photocleavable functional group for visible light photoinitiators, particularly in the initiation of free radical photopolymerization remain limited. This study introduces nine innovative carbazole-based ethyl glyoxylate derivatives (CEGs), which are synthesized and found to exhibit excellent photoinitiation abilities as monocomponent photoinitiating systems. Notably, these structures demonstrate robust absorption in the near-UV/visible range, surpassing the commercial photoinitiators. Moreover, the newly developed glyoxylate derivatives show higher acrylate function conversions compared to a benchmark photoinitiator (MBF) in free radical photopolymerization. Elucidation of the photoinitiation mechanism of CEGs is achieved through a comprehensive analysis involving the decarboxylation reaction and electron spin resonance spin trapping. Furthermore, their practical utility is confirmed during direct laser writing and 3D printing processes, enabling the successful fabrication of 3D printed objects. This study introduces pioneering concepts and effective strategies in the molecular design of novel photoinitiators, showcasing their potential for highly advantageous applications in 3D printing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Gao
- Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, IS2M UMR7361, Mulhouse, F-68100, France
- Université de Strasbourg, France
| | - Yijun Zhang
- Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, IS2M UMR7361, Mulhouse, F-68100, France
- Université de Strasbourg, France
| | - Fabrice Morlet-Savary
- Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, IS2M UMR7361, Mulhouse, F-68100, France
- Université de Strasbourg, France
| | - Bernadette Graff
- Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, IS2M UMR7361, Mulhouse, F-68100, France
- Université de Strasbourg, France
| | - Jing Zhang
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA, 5095, Australia
| | - Pu Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
| | - Frédéric Dumur
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR, UMR 7273, Marseille, F-13397, France
| | - Jacques Lalevée
- Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, IS2M UMR7361, Mulhouse, F-68100, France
- Université de Strasbourg, France
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7
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Carroll JA, Pashley-Johnson F, Frisch H, Barner-Kowollik C. Photochemical Action Plots Reveal Red-shifted Wavelength-dependent Photoproduct Distributions. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202304174. [PMID: 38267371 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202304174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Photochemical action plots are a powerful tool for mapping photochemical reaction outcomes wavelength-by-wavelength. Typically, they map either the depletion of a reactant or the formation of a specific product as a function of wavelength. Herein, we exploit action plots to simultaneously map the formation of several photochemical products from a single chromophore. We demonstrate that the wavelength-resolved mapping of two reaction products formed during the irradiation of a chalcone species not only shows wavelength dependence - exhibiting the typical strong red-shift of the photochemical reactivity compared to the absorbance spectrum of the chromophore - but also a strong wavelength selectivity with remarkably different product distributions resulting from different irradiation wavelengths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua A Carroll
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Fred Pashley-Johnson
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Polymer Chemistry Research Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Faculty of Science, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 (S4-Bis), 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hendrik Frisch
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
- Insitute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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8
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O’Dea C, Isokuortti J, Comer EE, Roberts ST, Page ZA. Triplet Upconversion under Ambient Conditions Enables Digital Light Processing 3D Printing. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2024; 10:272-282. [PMID: 38435512 PMCID: PMC10906251 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.3c01263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
The rapid photochemical conversion of materials from liquid to solid (i.e., curing) has enabled the fabrication of modern plastics used in microelectronics, dentistry, and medicine. However, industrialized photocurables remain restricted to unimolecular bond homolysis reactions (Type I photoinitiations) that are driven by high-energy UV light. This narrow mechanistic scope both challenges the production of high-resolution objects and restricts the materials that can be produced using emergent manufacturing technologies (e.g., 3D printing). Herein we develop a photosystem based on triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion (TTA-UC) that efficiently drives a Type I photocuring process using green light at low power density (<10 mW/cm2) and in the presence of ambient oxygen. This system also exhibits a superlinear dependence of its cure depth on the light exposure intensity, which enhances spatial resolution. This enables for the first-time integration of TTA-UC in an inexpensive, rapid, and high-resolution manufacturing process, digital light processing (DLP) 3D printing. Moreover, relative to traditional Type I and Type II (photoredox) strategies, the present TTA-UC photoinitiation method results in improved cure depth confinement and resin shelf stability. This report provides a user-friendly avenue to utilize TTA-UC in ambient photochemical processes and paves the way toward fabrication of next-generation plastics with improved geometric precision and functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor
J. O’Dea
- Department of Chemistry, The
University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712 ,United States
| | - Jussi Isokuortti
- Department of Chemistry, The
University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712 ,United States
| | - Emma E. Comer
- Department of Chemistry, The
University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712 ,United States
| | - Sean T. Roberts
- Department of Chemistry, The
University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712 ,United States
| | - Zachariah A. Page
- Department of Chemistry, The
University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712 ,United States
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9
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Gauci SC, Vranic A, Blasco E, Bräse S, Wegener M, Barner-Kowollik C. Photochemically Activated 3D Printing Inks: Current Status, Challenges, and Opportunities. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2306468. [PMID: 37681744 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202306468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
3D printing with light is enabled by the photochemistry underpinning it. Without fine control over the ability to photochemically gate covalent bond formation by the light at a certain wavelength and intensity, advanced photoresists with functions spanning from on-demand degradability, adaptability, rapid printing speeds, and tailored functionality are impossible to design. Herein, recent advances in photoresist design for light-driven 3D printing applications are critically assessed, and an outlook of the outstanding challenges and opportunities is provided. This is achieved by classing the discussed photoresists in chemistries that function photoinitiator-free and those that require a photoinitiator to proceed. Such a taxonomy is based on the efficiency with which photons are able to generate covalent bonds, with each concept featuring distinct advantages and drawbacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven C Gauci
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, Queensland, 4000, Australia
| | - Aleksandra Vranic
- Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC), Karlsruhe institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76133, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Eva Blasco
- Institute for Molecular Systems Engineering and Advanced Materials (IMSEAM), Heidelberg University, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Stefan Bräse
- Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC), Karlsruhe institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76133, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems-Functional Molecular Systems (IBCS-FMS), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76133, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Martin Wegener
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Institute of Applied Physics (APH), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76128, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, Queensland, 4000, Australia
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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10
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Walden SL, Carroll JA, Unterreiner A, Barner‐Kowollik C. Photochemical Action Plots Reveal the Fundamental Mismatch Between Absorptivity and Photochemical Reactivity. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2306014. [PMID: 37937391 PMCID: PMC10797470 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202306014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Over the last years, the authors' laboratory has employed monochromatic tuneable laser systems to reveal a fundamental mismatch between the absorptivity of a chromophore and its photochemical reactivity for the vast majority of covalent bond forming reactions as well as specific bond cleavage reactions. In the general chemistry community, however, the long-held assumption pervades that effective photochemical reactions are obtained in situations where there is strong overlap between the absorption spectrum and the excitation wavelength. The current Perspective illustrates that the absorption spectrum of a molecule only provides information about electronic excitations and remains entirely silent on other energy redistribution mechanisms that follow, which critically influence photochemical reactivity. Future avenues of enquiry on how action plots can be understood are proposed and the importance of action plots for tailoring photochemical applications with never-before-seen precision is explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L. Walden
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Centre for Materials ScienceQueensland University of Technology (QUT)2 George StreetBrisbaneQLD4000Australia
- Institute of Solid State Physics and Institute of Applied PhysicsAbbe Centre of PhotonicsFriedrich Schiller University JenaHelmholtzweg 307743JenaGermany
| | - Joshua A. Carroll
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Centre for Materials ScienceQueensland University of Technology (QUT)2 George StreetBrisbaneQLD4000Australia
| | - Andreas‐Neil Unterreiner
- Institute of Physical ChemistryKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Fritz‐Haber‐Weg 276131KarlsruheGermany
| | - Christopher Barner‐Kowollik
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Centre for Materials ScienceQueensland University of Technology (QUT)2 George StreetBrisbaneQLD4000Australia
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Hermann‐von‐Helmholtz‐Platz 176344Eggenstein‐LeopoldshafenGermany
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11
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Canterel R, Lalevée J, Bourgeat-Lami E, Lacôte E, Lansalot M. Visible-Light Initiated Dispersion Photopolymerization of Styrene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202309674. [PMID: 37747841 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202309674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Polystyrene (PS) particles were synthesized in ethanol/water mixture by dispersion polymerization using visible light irradiation, with either a N-heterocyclic carbene borane-based photoinitiating system (PIS) or a disulfide. With the full PIS and poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (PEGMA) as stabilizer, the size distributions were broad and the amount of PEGMA had a strong impact on the experiment reproducibility. The addition of a base solved the problem, leading to faster polymerizations, narrower size distributions and larger particles. With the disulfide as sole PIS, bigger and narrowly distributed PS particles were again formed. Quantitative conversion was achieved in each system, with particle size ranging between 100 and 350 nm. The use of poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) as stabilizer led to significantly larger particles, up to 1.2 μm, with narrow size distributions. The production of such large latex particles by photoinitiated polymerizations is unprecedented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rémi Canterel
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CPE Lyon, CNRS, UMR 5128, Catalysis, Polymerization, Processes and Materials (CP2M), 43 Bd du 11 novembre 1918, F-69616, Villeurbanne, France
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, CNES, ArianeGroup, LHCEP, Bât. Raulin, 2 rue Victor Grignard, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Jacques Lalevée
- Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, IS2M UMR 7361, F-68100, Mulhouse, France
- Université de Strasbourg, France
| | - Elodie Bourgeat-Lami
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CPE Lyon, CNRS, UMR 5128, Catalysis, Polymerization, Processes and Materials (CP2M), 43 Bd du 11 novembre 1918, F-69616, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Emmanuel Lacôte
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, CNES, ArianeGroup, LHCEP, Bât. Raulin, 2 rue Victor Grignard, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Muriel Lansalot
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CPE Lyon, CNRS, UMR 5128, Catalysis, Polymerization, Processes and Materials (CP2M), 43 Bd du 11 novembre 1918, F-69616, Villeurbanne, France
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12
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Shiels OJ, Menti-Platten M, Bokosi FRB, Burns BR, Keaveney ST, Keller PA, Barker PJ, Trevitt AJ. A Photoreactor-Interfaced Mass Spectrometer: An Online Platform to Monitor Photochemical Reactions. Anal Chem 2023; 95:15472-15476. [PMID: 37830912 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c03294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
An experimental platform is reported that allows for the online characterization of photochemical reactions by coupling a continuous flow photoreactor, equipped with LED light irradiation and a dual-tipped ESI source, directly to a mass spectrometer with electrospray ionization. The capabilities of this platform are demonstrated with two classes of photoreactions: (1) the photopolymerization of methyl methacrylate and (2) photocatalyzed alkyne insertion into a 1,2,3-benzotriazinone. The online technique provides rapid information to inform the underlying photochemical mechanism and evaluate the overall photochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oisin J Shiels
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Maria Menti-Platten
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Fostino R B Bokosi
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Brett R Burns
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Sinead T Keaveney
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Paul A Keller
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Philip J Barker
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Adam J Trevitt
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong NSW 2522, Australia
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13
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Gauci SC, Du Prez FE, Holloway JO, Houck HA, Barner-Kowollik C. The Power of Action Plots: Unveiling Reaction Selectivity of Light-Stabilized Dynamic Covalent Chemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202310274. [PMID: 37551836 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202310274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Exploiting the optimum wavelength of reactivity for efficient photochemical reactions has been well-established based on the development of photochemical action plots. We herein demonstrate the power of such action plots by a remarkable example of the wavelength-resolved photochemistry of two triazolinedione (TAD) substrates, i.e., aliphatic and aromatic substituted, that exhibit near identical absorption spectra yet possess vastly disparate photoreactivity. We present our findings in carefully recorded action plots, from which reaction selectivity is identified. The profound difference in photoreactivity is exploited by designing a 'hybrid' bisfunctional TAD molecule, enabling the formation of a dual-gated reaction manifold that demonstrates the exceptional and site-selective (photo)chemical behavior of both TAD substrates within a single small molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven C Gauci
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, QLD 4000, Brisbane, Australia
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, QLD 4000, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Filip E Du Prez
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Campus Sterre, Krijgslaan 281 S4-bis, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Joshua O Holloway
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, QLD 4000, Brisbane, Australia
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, QLD 4000, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Hannes A Houck
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Advanced Study, University of Warwick, Library Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, QLD 4000, Brisbane, Australia
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, QLD 4000, Brisbane, Australia
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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14
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Zhang M, Lin J, Song K, Chang K, Dai X, Zang Y, Zhu D. Iminyl-Radical-Mediated Formation of Covalent Au-N Bonds for Molecular Junctions. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:6480-6485. [PMID: 36882381 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c00453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
The interaction between organic radicals and transition metals plays a crucial role in radical-mediated chemical reactions, functional devices, and biocatalysis. Characterizing such interactions, however, remains a long-standing challenge due to the inherently high reactivity of radical species. Here, using a scanning tunneling microscope breaking junction (STM-BJ) technique, we are able to detect the interaction mode between iminyl radicals and the gold surface at a single molecule level. We show that the free iminyl radicals generated through photochemical N-O bond homolysis of oxime esters react toward the gold electrode surface and produce covalent Au-N bonds. Intriguingly, we find that the Au-N bonding reactions lead to the formation of robust and highly conductive single-molecule junctions. These findings provide not only insights into the mechanism of iminyl-radical-involved reactions but also a facile photolysis method to create a new type of covalent electrode-molecule bonding contact for molecular devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingliang Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Junfeng Lin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Kai Song
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Kaili Chang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaojuan Dai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yaping Zang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Daoben Zhu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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15
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Sameshima K, Kawakami T, Sotome H, Fuki M, Kobori Y, Miyasaka H. Dynamics and mechanism of radical formation in a highly sensitive oxime photoinitiator as revealed by time-resolved absorption and EPR measurements. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2022.114479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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16
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Stepwise generation of spin-polarized radicals and their reactions in the photolysis of an oxime ester compound as studied by pulsed EPR spectroscopy. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2023.114690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
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17
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Hooker JP, Parker B, Wright E, Junkers T, Cameron NR. Photoresponsive Emulsion-Templated Porous Materials via Orthogonal Photoclick Chemistry. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:11141-11149. [PMID: 36799738 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c22546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The functionalization of emulsion-templated porous polymers (polyHIPEs) utilizing modern and efficient chemistries is an important avenue for tailoring the properties of these scaffolds for specific and specialized applications. Herein, tetrazole photoclick chemistry is utilized for the efficient functionalization of polyHIPEs synthesized from various monomer systems and polymerization chemistries. Using both radical polymerization and thiol-ene polymerization, polyHIPEs with well-defined, interconnected open-cell morphologies are synthesized with tetrazole concentrations ranging from 0 to 5 w/v %, with the pore diameters ranging from 3 to 24 μm. Analyzed by fluorescence spectroscopy, FTIR spectroscopy, and confocal microscopy, spatially controlled functionalization to generate photopatterned fluorescent polyHIPEs is demonstrated via the reaction with residual acrylate and thiol groups. In addition, the scaffolds can be readily functionalized with external dipolarophiles such as acrylates to incorporate a functionality onto the polyHIPE surface. With many functional tetrazoles also reported in the literature, a PEG-tetrazole is also used to explore the photoinduced functionalization of polyHIPEs possessing tunable ratios of thiol and acrylate groups, and the effect on fluorescence, wettability, and biocompatibility is analyzed. Overall, the reaction is shown to be a broadly applicable tool for polyHIPE functionalization with many avenues for further development toward specific applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan P Hooker
- Polymer Reaction Design Group, School of Chemistry, Monash University, 19 Rainforest Walk, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Bradyn Parker
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Elise Wright
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Tanja Junkers
- Polymer Reaction Design Group, School of Chemistry, Monash University, 19 Rainforest Walk, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Neil R Cameron
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K
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18
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Recent Advances on Furan-Based Visible Light Photoinitiators of Polymerization. Catalysts 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/catal13030493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Photopolymerization is an active research field enabling to polymerize in greener conditions than that performed with traditional thermal polymerization. At present, a great deal of effort is devoted to developing visible light photoinitiating systems. Indeed, the traditional UV photoinitiating systems are currently the focus of numerous safety concerns so alternatives to UV light are being actively researched. However, visible light photons are less energetic than UV photons so the reactivity of the photoinitiating systems should be improved to address this issue. In this field, furane constitutes an interesting candidate for the design of photocatalysts of polymerization due to its low cost and its easy chemical modification. In this review, an overview concerning the design of furane-based photoinitiators is provided. Comparisons with reference systems are also established to demonstrate evidence of the interest of these photoinitiators in innovative structures.
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19
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A Review on Recently Proposed Oxime Ester Photoinitiators. Eur Polym J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2023.111901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
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20
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High-Performance Photoinitiating Systems for LED-Induced Photopolymerization. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15020342. [PMID: 36679223 PMCID: PMC9860695 DOI: 10.3390/polym15020342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, increasing attention has been focused on light-emitting diodes (LEDs)-induced photopolymerization. The common LEDs (e.g., LED at 365 nm and LED at 405 nm) possess narrow emission bands. Due to their light absorption properties, most commercial photoinitiators are sensitive to UV light and cannot be optimally activated under visible LED irradiation. Although many photoinitiators have been designed for LED-induced free radical polymerization and cationic polymerization, there is still the issue of the mating between photoinitiators and LEDs. Therefore, the development of novel photoinitiators, which could be applied under LED irradiation, is significant. Many photoinitiating systems have been reported in the past decade. In this review, some recently developed photoinitiators used in LED-induced photopolymerization, mainly in the past 5 years, are summarized and categorized as Type Ⅰ photoinitiators, Type Ⅱ photoinitiators, and dye-based photoinitiating systems. In addition, their light absorption properties and photoinitiation efficiencies are discussed.
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21
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Naphthalene-Based Oxime Esters as Type I Photoinitiators for Free Radical Photopolymerization. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14235261. [PMID: 36501655 PMCID: PMC9735988 DOI: 10.3390/polym14235261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to discuss the polymerization effect from the substituted position and methoxy group of Type I photinitiators, a series of naphthalene-based oxime esters was designed and synthesized. Compared to the 2-naphthalene-substituted compound, the UV absorption region of the 1-naphthalene-based compound was greatly improved. In addition, the methoxy substitution exhibited longer absorption characteristics than did the methoxy-free one. The photochemical reaction behavior of these novel compounds was also studied by photolysis, cyclic voltammetry (CV), and electron spin resonance (ESR) experiments. Finally, the initiation abilities of naphthalene-based oxime esters toward trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA) monomer were conducted through the photo-DSC instrument under UV and a 405@nm LED lamp. Remarkedly, the naphthalene-based oxime ester (NA-3) that contains 1-naphthalene with o-methoxy substituent showed the rather red-shifted absorption region with the highest final conversion efficiency under UV (46%) and 405@nm LED (41%) lamp irradiation.
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22
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Dumur F. Recent advances on benzylidene cyclopentanones as visible light photoinitiators of polymerization. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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23
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24
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Liu Z, Dumur F. Recent Advances on Visible Light Coumarin-based Oxime Esters as Initiators of Polymerization. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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25
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Wloka T, Gottschaldt M, Schubert US. From Light to Structure: Photo Initiators for Radical Two-Photon Polymerization. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202104191. [PMID: 35202499 PMCID: PMC9324900 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202104191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Two-photon polymerization (2PP) represents a powerful technique for the fabrication of precise three-dimensional structures on a micro- and nanometer scale for various applications. While many review articles are focusing on the used polymeric materials and their application in 2PP, in this review the class of two-photon photo initiators (2PI) used for radical polymerization is discussed in detail. Because the demand for highly efficient 2PI has increased in the last decades, different approaches in designing new efficient 2PIs occurred. This review summarizes the 2PIs known in literature and discusses their absorption behavior under one- and two-photon absorption (2PA) conditions, their two-photon cross sections (σTPA ) as well as their efficiency under 2PP conditions. Here, the photo initiators are grouped depending on their chromophore system (D-π-A-π-D, D-π-D, etc.). Their polymerization efficiencies are evaluated by fabrication windows (FW) depending on different laser intensities and writing speeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Wloka
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller Universität Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743, Jena, Germany.,Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller Universität Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Michael Gottschaldt
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller Universität Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743, Jena, Germany.,Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller Universität Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Ulrich S Schubert
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller Universität Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743, Jena, Germany.,Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller Universität Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany
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26
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Liu S, Giacoletto N, Schmitt M, Nechab M, Graff B, Morlet-Savary F, Xiao P, Dumur F, Lalevée J. Effect of Decarboxylation on the Photoinitiation Behavior of Nitrocarbazole-Based Oxime Esters. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shaohui Liu
- CNRS, IS2M UMR 7361, Université de Haute-Alsace, F-68100 Mulhouse, France
- Université de Strasbourg, F-67081 Strasbourg, France
| | | | - Michael Schmitt
- CNRS, IS2M UMR 7361, Université de Haute-Alsace, F-68100 Mulhouse, France
- Université de Strasbourg, F-67081 Strasbourg, France
| | - Malek Nechab
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR UMR7273, F-13397 Marseille, France
| | - Bernadette Graff
- CNRS, IS2M UMR 7361, Université de Haute-Alsace, F-68100 Mulhouse, France
- Université de Strasbourg, F-67081 Strasbourg, France
| | - Fabrice Morlet-Savary
- CNRS, IS2M UMR 7361, Université de Haute-Alsace, F-68100 Mulhouse, France
- Université de Strasbourg, F-67081 Strasbourg, France
| | - Pu Xiao
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Frédéric Dumur
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR UMR7273, F-13397 Marseille, France
| | - Jacques Lalevée
- CNRS, IS2M UMR 7361, Université de Haute-Alsace, F-68100 Mulhouse, France
- Université de Strasbourg, F-67081 Strasbourg, France
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27
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29
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Abstract
The careful mapping of photoinduced reversible-deactivation radical polymerizations (RDRP) is a prerequisite for their applications in soft matter materials design. Here, we probe the wavelength-dependent behavior of photochemically induced atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) using nanosecond pulsed-laser polymerization (PLP). The photochemical reactivities at identical photon fluxes of methyl acrylate in terms of conversion, number-average molecular weight, and dispersity of the resulting polymers are mapped against the absorption spectrum of the copper(II) catalyst in the range of 305-550 nm. We observe a red shift of the action spectrum relative to the absorption spectrum of the copper(II) catalyst. Both the number-average molecular weight and the dispersity show a wavelength dependence, while the molecular weight and conversion remain linearly correlated. The reported data allow the judicious selection of optimum wavelengths for photoATRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Nardi
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Eva Blasco
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.,Organic Chemistry Institute and Centre for Advanced Materials, University of Heidelberg, In Neuenheimer Feld 270 and 225, 69219 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.,Centre for Materials Science, School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia
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30
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Kamm PW, Rodrigues LL, Walden SL, Blinco JP, Unterreiner AN, Barner-Kowollik C. Sequence-independent activation of photocycloadditions using two colours of light. Chem Sci 2022; 13:531-535. [PMID: 35126985 PMCID: PMC8729803 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc06154b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
We exploit two reactive chromophores to establish sequence-independent photochemical activation, employing ortho-methyl benzaldehyde (oMBA) and N,N-(dimethylamino)pyrene aryl tetrazole (APAT) with N-(2-hydroxy)ethyl maleimide (NHEM), without any additives. Critically, the order of the irradiation sequence is irrelevant, as the shorter wavelength does not activate the higher wavelength activated species. Therefore, full sequence-independent λ-orthogonality is achieved through differences in both the reaction quantum yields (Φ r,oMBA and Φ r,APAT) and wavelength-dependent reactivity profiles of the employed chromophores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp W Kamm
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT) 2 George Street Brisbane QLD 4000 Australia
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT) 2 George Street Brisbane QLD 4000 Australia
- Molecular Physical Chemistry Group, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Fritz-Haber-Weg 2, Geb. 30.44 Karlsruhe 76131 Germany
| | - Leona L Rodrigues
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT) 2 George Street Brisbane QLD 4000 Australia
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT) 2 George Street Brisbane QLD 4000 Australia
| | - Sarah L Walden
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT) 2 George Street Brisbane QLD 4000 Australia
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT) 2 George Street Brisbane QLD 4000 Australia
| | - James P Blinco
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT) 2 George Street Brisbane QLD 4000 Australia
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT) 2 George Street Brisbane QLD 4000 Australia
| | - Andreas-Neil Unterreiner
- Molecular Physical Chemistry Group, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Fritz-Haber-Weg 2, Geb. 30.44 Karlsruhe 76131 Germany
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT) 2 George Street Brisbane QLD 4000 Australia
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT) 2 George Street Brisbane QLD 4000 Australia
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31
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33
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Irshadeen IM, Walden SL, Wegener M, Truong VX, Frisch H, Blinco JP, Barner-Kowollik C. Action Plots in Action: In-Depth Insights into Photochemical Reactivity. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:21113-21126. [PMID: 34859671 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c09419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Predicting wavelength-dependent photochemical reactivity is challenging. Herein, we revive the well-established tool of measuring action spectra and adapt the technique to map wavelength-resolved covalent bond formation and cleavage in what we term "photochemical action plots". Underpinned by tunable lasers, which allow excitation of molecules with near-perfect wavelength precision, the photoinduced reactivity of several reaction classes have been mapped in detail. These include photoinduced cycloadditions and bond formation based on photochemically generated o-quinodimethanes and 1,3-dipoles such as nitrile imines as well as radical photoinitiator cleavage. Organized by reaction class, these data demonstrate that UV/vis spectra fail to act as a predictor for photochemical reactivity at a given wavelength in most of the examined reactions, with the photochemical reactivity being strongly red shifted in comparison to the absorption spectrum. We provide an encompassing perspective of the power of photochemical action plots for bond-forming reactions and their emerging applications in the design of wavelength-selective photoresists and photoresponsive soft-matter materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishrath Mohamed Irshadeen
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia.,Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia
| | - Sarah L Walden
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia.,Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia
| | - Martin Wegener
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Vinh X Truong
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia.,Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia
| | - Hendrik Frisch
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia.,Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia
| | - James P Blinco
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia.,Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia.,Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia.,Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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34
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Yoo M, Koh D. Crystal structure of ( E)-ethyl 2-((4-oxo-4 H-chromen-3-yl)methyleneaminooxy)acetate, C 14H 13NO 5. Z KRIST-NEW CRYST ST 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/ncrs-2021-0247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
C14H13NO5, monoclinic, P21 (no. 4), a = 4.6967(7) Å, b = 10.7175(16) Å, c = 12.945(2) Å, β = 94.827(8)°, V = 649.30(17) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt
(F) = 0.0577, wR
ref
(F
2) = 0.1302, T = 223(2) K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miri Yoo
- Department of Applied Chemistry , Dongduk Women’s University , Seoul 136-714 , Republic of Korea
| | - Dongsoo Koh
- Department of Applied Chemistry , Dongduk Women’s University , Seoul 136-714 , Republic of Korea
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35
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Lee ZH, Huang TL, Hammoud F, Chen CC, Hijazi A, Graff B, Lalevée J, Chen YC. Effect of the Steric Hindrance and Branched Substituents on Visible Phenylamine Oxime Ester Photoinitiators: Photopolymerization Kinetics Investigation through Photo-DSC Experiments. Photochem Photobiol 2021; 98:773-782. [PMID: 34674274 DOI: 10.1111/php.13545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
In this work, free radical photopolymerization (FRP) kinetics for series of different phenylamine oxime ester structures (DMA-P, DEA-P, DMA-M, TP-2P, TP-2M and TP-3M) was investigated. Steric hindrance and branched substituents were prepared to realize the corresponding electronic and photopolymerization effects. The photophysical, electrochemical, thermal properties and radical concentration were investigated by UV-visible spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry (CV), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). Furthermore, the structure-reactivity relationships were also studied in detail through photo-DSC experiment. We demonstrate that the introduction of alkyl chains and/or numbers of oxime esters affects significantly the photoreactivity. Under the same weight ratio of formulation and irradiated condition, TP-3M containing three oxime esters in its structure and methyl group in the periphery exhibits the highest double-bond conversion efficiency. TP-3M-based formulation also shows a wide operation window under different contents and light intensities. Importantly, the photoreactivity of the TP-3M-based system was found to be better than the commercial photoinitiator (OXE-01) under LED@405 nm at a low concentration. This work could provide some significance to the design of oxime esters with enhanced photoreactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Han Lee
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Liang Huang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Fatima Hammoud
- IS2M UMR 7361, Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, Mulhouse, France.,Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,EDST, Université Libanaise, Beyrouth, Lebanon
| | - Ching-Chin Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | | | - Bernadette Graff
- IS2M UMR 7361, Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, Mulhouse, France.,Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Jacques Lalevée
- IS2M UMR 7361, Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, Mulhouse, France.,Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Yung-Chung Chen
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Photo-SMART (Photo-sensitive Material Advanced Research and Technology Center), National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
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36
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Guo X, Wang W, Wan D, Jin M. Substituted Stilbene-based D-π-A and A-π-A type oxime esters as photoinitiators for LED photopolymerization. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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37
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Hammoud F, Lee Z, Graff B, Hijazi A, Lalevée J, Chen Y. Novel phenylamine‐based oxime ester photoinitiators for
LED
‐induced free radical, cationic, and hybrid polymerization. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Hammoud
- Université de Haute‐Alsace, CNRS, IS2M UMR7361 Mulhouse France
- Université de Strasbourg Strasbourg France
- EDST Université Libanaise, Campus Hariri Hadath Lebanon
| | - Zhong‐Han Lee
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology Kaohsiung Taiwan
| | - Bernadette Graff
- Université de Haute‐Alsace, CNRS, IS2M UMR7361 Mulhouse France
- Université de Strasbourg Strasbourg France
| | - Akram Hijazi
- EDST Université Libanaise, Campus Hariri Hadath Lebanon
| | - Jacques Lalevée
- Université de Haute‐Alsace, CNRS, IS2M UMR7361 Mulhouse France
- Université de Strasbourg Strasbourg France
| | - Yung‐Chung Chen
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology Kaohsiung Taiwan
- Photo‐SMART (Photo‐sensitive Material Advanced Research and Technology Center) National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology Kaohsiung City Taiwan
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38
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Lu H, Li Z. Synthesis and Structure-Activity Relationship of N-Substituted Carbazole Oxime Ester Photoinitiators. J PHOTOPOLYM SCI TEC 2021. [DOI: 10.2494/photopolymer.34.307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huaqiao Lu
- School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University
| | - Zhiquan Li
- School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University
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39
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Marshall DL, Menzel JP, McKinnon BI, Blinco JP, Trevitt AJ, Barner-Kowollik C, Blanksby SJ. Laser Photodissociation Action Spectroscopy for the Wavelength-Dependent Evaluation of Photoligation Reactions. Anal Chem 2021; 93:8091-8098. [PMID: 34019383 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c01584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The nitrile imine-mediated tetrazole-ene cycloaddition is a widely used class of photoligation. Optimizing the reaction outcome requires detailed knowledge of the tetrazole photoactivation profile, which can only partially be ascertained from absorption spectroscopy, or otherwise involves laborious reaction monitoring in solution. Photodissociation action spectroscopy (PDAS) combines the advantages of optical spectroscopy and mass spectrometry in that only absorption events resulting in a mass change are recorded, thus revealing the desired wavelength dependence of product formation. Moreover, the sensitivity and selectivity afforded by the mass spectrometer enable reliable assessment of the photodissociation profile even on small amounts of crude material, thus accelerating the design and synthesis of next-generation substrates. Using this workflow, we demonstrate that the photodissociation onset for nitrile imine formation is red-shifted by ca. 50 nm with a novel N-ethylcarbazole derivative relative to a phenyl-substituted archetype. Benchmarked against solution-phase tunable laser experiments and supported by quantum chemical calculations, these discoveries demonstrate that PDAS is a powerful tool for rapidly screening the efficacy of new substrates in the quest toward efficient visible light-triggered ligation for biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- David L Marshall
- Central Analytical Research Facility, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia.,Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Jan P Menzel
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia.,School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Benjamin I McKinnon
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - James P Blinco
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia.,School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Adam J Trevitt
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia.,School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Stephen J Blanksby
- Central Analytical Research Facility, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia.,Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
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40
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Liu S, Graff B, Xiao P, Dumur F, Lalevée J. Nitro-Carbazole Based Oxime Esters as Dual Photo/Thermal Initiators for 3D Printing and Composite Preparation. Macromol Rapid Commun 2021; 42:e2100207. [PMID: 33938080 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
A series of Type I photoinitiators (PIs) based on a nitrocarbazole scaffold are developed and examined for the first time as photoinitiators for visible light photopolymerization. Three oxime esters (OXE-M, OXE-V, OXE-P) varying by the terminal groups (acetyl, acryloyl and benzoyl) attached via the oxime ester group are originally prepared. As a result of this, the three PIs exhibit excellent photoinitiation abilities in the presence of acrylate monomers upon LED@ 405 nm irradiation. Markedly, OXE-M exhibits a better performance than the benchmark Type I phosphine-oxide (diphenyl(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)phosphine oxide TPO). Chemical mechanisms supporting the polymerization process with these PIs are investigated by steady state photolysis, molecular orbital calculations and real-time Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy. After the cleavage of N─O bond and decarboxylation, free radicals are generated to initiate the free radical polymerization efficiently. Free radical photopolymerization of OXE-M is applied in direct laser write and 3D printing. Interestingly, OXE-M exhibits thermal initiation behaviors in monomers and can be used as dual photo and thermal initiators. The highly opaque feature of carbon fibers makes it difficult for light penetration, so dual photo/thermal curing are used here to prepare carbon fiber composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaohui Liu
- Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, IS2M UMR 7361, Mulhouse, F-68100, France.,Université de Strasbourg, France
| | - Bernadette Graff
- Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, IS2M UMR 7361, Mulhouse, F-68100, France.,Université de Strasbourg, France
| | - Pu Xiao
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Frédéric Dumur
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, ICR UMR 7273, Marseille, F-13397, France
| | - Jacques Lalevée
- Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, IS2M UMR 7361, Mulhouse, F-68100, France.,Université de Strasbourg, France
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41
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He X, Gao Y, Nie J, Sun F. Methyl Benzoylformate Derivative Norrish Type I Photoinitiators for Deep-Layer Photocuring under Near-UV or Visible LED. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xianglong He
- College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanjing Gao
- College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People’s Republic of China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People’s Republic of China
- College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People’s Republic of China
- Anqing Research Institute, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Anqing 246000, People’s Republic of China
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42
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Kamm PW, Blinco JP, Unterreiner AN, Barner-Kowollik C. Green-light induced cycloadditions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:3991-3994. [PMID: 33885643 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc00340b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
We introduce a red-shifted tetrazole that is able to undergo efficient nitrile imine-mediated tetrazole-ene cycloaddition (NITEC) under blue and green light irradiation. We provide a detailed wavelength-dependent reactivity map, and employ a number of LEDs for high-conversion small molecule and polymer end-group modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp W Kamm
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia. and School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia and Molecular Physical Chemistry Group, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 2, Geb. 30.44, Karlsruhe 76131, Germany.
| | - James P Blinco
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia. and School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Andreas-Neil Unterreiner
- Molecular Physical Chemistry Group, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 2, Geb. 30.44, Karlsruhe 76131, Germany.
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia. and School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
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43
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Bachmann J, Petit C, Michalek L, Catel Y, Blasco E, Blinco JP, Unterreiner AN, Barner-Kowollik C. Chain-Length-Dependent Photolysis of ortho-Nitrobenzyl-Centered Polymers. ACS Macro Lett 2021; 10:447-452. [PMID: 35549234 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.1c00057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we demonstrate that the photochemical cleavage of linear polymers containing a midchain photocleavable moiety strongly depends on the chain length. Based on an ortho-nitrobenzyl (oNB) difunctional reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer agent, well-defined poly(methyl acrylate)s (Mn = 1.59-67.6 kg mol-1, Đ = 1.3-1.4) were synthesized following a core-first approach. Photolysis at λmax = 350 nm of the ortho-nitrobenzyl moiety led to the generation of equally sized polymer segments. The rate of oNB-driven polymer fragmentation, which can be well described by first-order kinetics, strongly increases with increasing molecular weight in a nonlinear fashion, potentially caused by entropic considerations and is compared to the ideal chain model. The current study thus demonstrates that polymer photolysis is dependent on the polymer chain length, with critical implications for photocleavable network design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Bachmann
- Centre for Materials Science, School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 2, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Charlotte Petit
- Centre for Materials Science, School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia
| | - Lukas Michalek
- Centre for Materials Science, School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia
| | - Yohann Catel
- Ivoclar Vivadent AG, Bendererstrasse 2, 9494 Schaan, Liechtenstein
| | - Eva Blasco
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Heidelberg University, im Neuenheimer Feld 225, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Centre for Advanced Materials, Heidelberg University, im Neuenheimer Feld 225, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - James P. Blinco
- Centre for Materials Science, School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia
| | - Andreas-Neil Unterreiner
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 2, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- Centre for Materials Science, School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia
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44
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Petit C, Bachmann J, Michalek L, Catel Y, Blasco E, Blinco JP, Unterreiner AN, Barner-Kowollik C. UV-induced photolysis of polyurethanes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:2911-2914. [PMID: 33616594 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc00124h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Waste production associated with the use of non-degradable materials in packaging is a growing cause of environmental concern, with the polyurethane (PU) class being notorious for their lack of degradability. Herein, we incorporate photosensitive ortho-Nitrobenzyl units into PUs to achieve controllable photodegradability. We performed their photolysis in solution and thin films which can inform the design of degradable adhesives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Petit
- Centre for Materials Science, School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia.
| | - Julian Bachmann
- Centre for Materials Science, School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia. and Institute of Physical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 2, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Lukas Michalek
- Centre for Materials Science, School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia.
| | - Yohann Catel
- Ivoclar Vivadent AG, Bendererstrasse 2, 9494 Schaan, Liechtenstein
| | - Eva Blasco
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany and Institute of Organic Chemistry, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany and Center for Advanced Materials, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 225, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - James P Blinco
- Centre for Materials Science, School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia.
| | - Andreas-N Unterreiner
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 2, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- Centre for Materials Science, School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia. and Centre for a Waste-Free World, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia.
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45
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Menzel JP, Noble BB, Blinco JP, Barner-Kowollik C. Predicting wavelength-dependent photochemical reactivity and selectivity. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1691. [PMID: 33727558 PMCID: PMC7966369 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21797-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Predicting the conversion and selectivity of a photochemical experiment is a conceptually different challenge compared to thermally induced reactivity. Photochemical transformations do not currently have the same level of generalized analytical treatment due to the nature of light interaction with a photoreactive substrate. Herein, we bridge this critical gap by introducing a framework for the quantitative prediction of the time-dependent progress of photoreactions via common LEDs. A wavelength and concentration dependent reaction quantum yield map of a model photoligation, i.e., the reaction of thioether o-methylbenzaldehydes via o-quinodimethanes with N-ethylmaleimide, is initially determined with a tunable laser system. Combined with experimental parameters, the data are employed to predict LED-light induced conversion through a wavelength-resolved numerical simulation. The model is validated with experiments at varied wavelengths. Importantly, a second algorithm allows the assessment of competing photoreactions and enables the facile design of λ-orthogonal ligation systems based on substituted o-methylbenzaldehydes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan P Menzel
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Centre for Data Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Benjamin B Noble
- School of Engineering, College of Science, Engineering and Health, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - James P Blinco
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
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46
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Subervie D, Le Quéméner F, Canterel R, Dugas PY, Boyron O, Lalevée J, Bourgeat-Lami E, Lansalot M, Lacôte E. Visible-Light Emulsion Photopolymerization of Acrylates and Methacrylates: Mechanistic Insights and Introduction of a Simplified Sulfur-Based Photoinitiating System. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Subervie
- Univ Lyon, Univ Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, CNES, ArianeGroup, LHCEP; Bât. Raulin, 2 Rue Victor Grignard, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CPE Lyon, CNRS, Chemistry, Catalysis, Polymers and Processes (C2P2), UMR 5265, 43 Bd Du 11 Novembre 1918, F-69616 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Frédéric Le Quéméner
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CPE Lyon, CNRS, Chemistry, Catalysis, Polymers and Processes (C2P2), UMR 5265, 43 Bd Du 11 Novembre 1918, F-69616 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Rémi Canterel
- Univ Lyon, Univ Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, CNES, ArianeGroup, LHCEP; Bât. Raulin, 2 Rue Victor Grignard, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CPE Lyon, CNRS, Chemistry, Catalysis, Polymers and Processes (C2P2), UMR 5265, 43 Bd Du 11 Novembre 1918, F-69616 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Pierre-Yves Dugas
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CPE Lyon, CNRS, Chemistry, Catalysis, Polymers and Processes (C2P2), UMR 5265, 43 Bd Du 11 Novembre 1918, F-69616 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Olivier Boyron
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CPE Lyon, CNRS, Chemistry, Catalysis, Polymers and Processes (C2P2), UMR 5265, 43 Bd Du 11 Novembre 1918, F-69616 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Jacques Lalevée
- Université de Haute-Alsace, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IS2M UMR 7361, F-68100 Mulhouse, France
| | - Elodie Bourgeat-Lami
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CPE Lyon, CNRS, Chemistry, Catalysis, Polymers and Processes (C2P2), UMR 5265, 43 Bd Du 11 Novembre 1918, F-69616 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Muriel Lansalot
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CPE Lyon, CNRS, Chemistry, Catalysis, Polymers and Processes (C2P2), UMR 5265, 43 Bd Du 11 Novembre 1918, F-69616 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Emmanuel Lacôte
- Univ Lyon, Univ Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, CNES, ArianeGroup, LHCEP; Bât. Raulin, 2 Rue Victor Grignard, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
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47
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Marlton SJP, McKinnon BI, Hill NS, Coote ML, Trevitt AJ. Electrostatically Tuning the Photodissociation of the Irgacure 2959 Photoinitiator in the Gas Phase by Cation Binding. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:2331-2339. [PMID: 33427467 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c11978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The low-lying electronic states of Irgacure 2959, a Norrish-type I photoinitiator, complexed with a single metal cation are investigated in the gas phase by photodissociation action spectroscopy. Analysis of the band shifts using quantum chemical calculations (TD-DFT and SCS-CC2) reveals the underlying influence of the charge on the key electronic energy levels. Since the cations (H+, Li+, Na+, K+, Zn2+, Ca2+, and Mg2+) bind at varying distances, the magnitude of the electric field at the center of the chromophore due to the cation is altered, and this shifts the electronic states by different amounts. Photodissociation action spectra of cation-Irg complexes show that absorption transitions to the first 1ππ* state are red-shifted with a magnitude proportional to the electric field strength (with red shifts >1 eV), and in most cases, the cation is essentially acting as a point charge. Calculations show that a neighboring 3nπ* state, a key state for the α-cleavage pathway, is destabilized (blue-shifted) by the orientated electric field. As such, if the 1ππ*-3nπ* energy gap is reduced, increased intersystem crossing rates are expected, resulting in higher yields of the desired radical photoproducts, and this is controlled by the orientated electric field arising from the cation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel J P Marlton
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Benjamin I McKinnon
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Nicholas S Hill
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Michelle L Coote
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Adam J Trevitt
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
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48
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Lee ZH, Hammoud F, Hijazi A, Graff B, Lalevée J, Chen YC. Synthesis and free radical photopolymerization of triphenylamine-based oxime ester photoinitiators. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py01768j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Four visible light triphenylamine-based oxime ester photoinitiators (TP-1–4) were synthesized successfully. Photochemical reaction, photoreactivity and 3D pattern experiments were also conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Han Lee
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering
- National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology
- Kaohsiung 80778
- Taiwan
| | - Fatima Hammoud
- Université de Haute-Alsace
- CNRS
- IS2 M UMR 7361
- Mulhouse
- France
| | | | | | | | - Yung-Chung Chen
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering
- National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology
- Kaohsiung 80778
- Taiwan
- Photo-SMART (Photo-sensitive Material Advanced Research and Technology Center)
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49
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Michalek L, Krappitz T, Mundsinger K, Walden SL, Barner L, Barner-Kowollik C. Mapping Photochemical Reactivity Profiles on Surfaces. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:21651-21655. [PMID: 33337866 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c11485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we introduce a comprehensive methodology to map the reactivity of photochemical systems on surfaces. The reactivity of photoreactive groups in solution often departs from their corresponding solution absorption spectra. On surfaces, the relationship between the surface absorption spectra and reactivity remains unexplored. Thus, herein, the reactivity of an o-methylbenzaldehyde and a tetrazole, as ligation partners for maleimide functionalized polymers, was investigated when the reactive moieties are tethered to a surface. The ligation reaction of tetrazole functionalized surfaces was found to proceed rapidly leading to high grafting densities, while o-methylbenzaldehyde functionalized substrates required longer irradiation times and resulted in lower surface coverage at the same wavelength (330 nm). Critically, wavelength resolved reactivity profiles were found to closely match the surface absorption spectra, contrary to previously reported red shifts in solution for the same chromophores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Michalek
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, QLD 4000, Brisbane, Australia.,Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, QLD 4000, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Tim Krappitz
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, QLD 4000, Brisbane, Australia.,Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, QLD 4000, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Kai Mundsinger
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, QLD 4000, Brisbane, Australia.,Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, QLD 4000, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Sarah L Walden
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, QLD 4000, Brisbane, Australia.,Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, QLD 4000, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Leonie Barner
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, QLD 4000, Brisbane, Australia.,Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, QLD 4000, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, QLD 4000, Brisbane, Australia.,Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, QLD 4000, Brisbane, Australia
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50
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Weinstain R, Slanina T, Kand D, Klán P. Visible-to-NIR-Light Activated Release: From Small Molecules to Nanomaterials. Chem Rev 2020; 120:13135-13272. [PMID: 33125209 PMCID: PMC7833475 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 261] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Photoactivatable (alternatively, photoremovable, photoreleasable, or photocleavable) protecting groups (PPGs), also known as caged or photocaged compounds, are used to enable non-invasive spatiotemporal photochemical control over the release of species of interest. Recent years have seen the development of PPGs activatable by biologically and chemically benign visible and near-infrared (NIR) light. These long-wavelength-absorbing moieties expand the applicability of this powerful method and its accessibility to non-specialist users. This review comprehensively covers organic and transition metal-containing photoactivatable compounds (complexes) that absorb in the visible- and NIR-range to release various leaving groups and gasotransmitters (carbon monoxide, nitric oxide, and hydrogen sulfide). The text also covers visible- and NIR-light-induced photosensitized release using molecular sensitizers, quantum dots, and upconversion and second-harmonic nanoparticles, as well as release via photodynamic (photooxygenation by singlet oxygen) and photothermal effects. Release from photoactivatable polymers, micelles, vesicles, and photoswitches, along with the related emerging field of photopharmacology, is discussed at the end of the review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy Weinstain
- School
of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Tomáš Slanina
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Dnyaneshwar Kand
- School
of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Petr Klán
- Department
of Chemistry and RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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