4
|
Klonos PA, Papadopoulos L, Terzopoulou Z, Papageorgiou GZ, Kyritsis A, Bikiaris DN. Molecular Dynamics in Nanocomposites Based on Renewable Poly(butylene 2,5-furan-dicarboxylate) In Situ Reinforced by Montmorillonite Nanoclays: Effects of Clay Modification, Crystallization, and Hydration. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:7306-7317. [PMID: 32786716 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c04306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
This study deals with poly(butylene 2,5-furan-dicarboxylate), PBF, a renewable bio-based polyester expected to replace non-eco-friendly fossil-based homologues. PBF exhibits excellent gas barrier properties, which makes it promising for packaging applications; however, its rather low and slow crystallinity affects good mechanical performance. The crystallization of this relatively new polymer is enhanced here via reinforcement by introduction in situ of 1 wt % montmorillonite, MMT, nanoclays of three types (functionalizations). We study PBF and its nanocomposites (PNCs) also from the basic research point of view, molecular dynamics. For this work, we employ the widely used combination of techniques, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) with broad-band dielectric relaxation spectroscopy (BDS), supplemented by polarized light microscopy (PLM) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). In the PNCs, the crystalline rate and fraction, CF, were found to be strongly enhanced as these fillers act as additional crystallization nuclei. The improvements in crystallization here correlate quite well with those on the mechanical performance recorded recently; moreover, they occur in the same filler order, in particular, with increasing MMT interlayer distance (from ∼1 to ∼3 nm). In the amorphous fraction of the polymer, the chain diffusion (calorimetric Tg and dynamic α process) is easier in the PNCs due to their slightly smaller length, while in the semicrystalline state, it decelerates by crystal-induced constraints. The local polymer dynamics (β process, below Tg) was found to be independent of the PNC composition, however, sensitive to structural changes of the matrix. Finally, a filler-induced dynamics was additionally recorded in the PNCs (α* process), arising possibly from the polymer located at the MMT surfaces. α* follows the changes in polymer chain length and decelerates with crystallization, whereas its activation energy decreases with mild hydration. The combined results on α* with the DSC and TGA findings, provide proof for weak MMT-PBF interactions. Overall, our results, along with data from the literature, suggest that such furan-based polyesters reinforced with properly chosen nanofillers could potentially serve well as tailor-made PNCs for targeted applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis A Klonos
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece.,Department of Physics, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou Campus, 157 80 Athens, Greece
| | - Lazaros Papadopoulos
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Zoi Terzopoulou
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - George Z Papageorgiou
- Laboratory of Industrial and Food Chemistry, Chemistry Department, University of Ioannina, 451 10 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Apostolos Kyritsis
- Department of Physics, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou Campus, 157 80 Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios N Bikiaris
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hou G, Zhou X, Li S, Jiang R, Zhang Z, Dong M, Liu J, Lu Y, Wang W, Zhang L, Wang S. Exploiting Synergistic Experimental and Computational Approaches to Design and Fabricate High-Performance Elastomer. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guanyi Hou
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029 Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Advanced Elastomers, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029 Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Elastomer Materials on Energy Conservation and Resources, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029 Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinlei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029 Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Advanced Elastomers, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029 Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Elastomer Materials on Energy Conservation and Resources, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029 Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sai Li
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029 Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Advanced Elastomers, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029 Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Elastomer Materials on Energy Conservation and Resources, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029 Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruifeng Jiang
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Advanced Elastomers, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029 Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029 Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Advanced Elastomers, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029 Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Elastomer Materials on Energy Conservation and Resources, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029 Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mengjie Dong
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029 Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Advanced Elastomers, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029 Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Elastomer Materials on Energy Conservation and Resources, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029 Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029 Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Advanced Elastomers, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029 Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Elastomer Materials on Energy Conservation and Resources, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029 Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yonglai Lu
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029 Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Advanced Elastomers, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029 Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Elastomer Materials on Energy Conservation and Resources, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029 Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029 Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Organic−Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029 Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wencai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029 Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Advanced Elastomers, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029 Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Elastomer Materials on Energy Conservation and Resources, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029 Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liqun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029 Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Advanced Elastomers, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029 Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Elastomer Materials on Energy Conservation and Resources, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029 Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029 Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Organic−Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029 Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shihu Wang
- Science and Technology Division, Corning Incorporated, Corning, New York 14831, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Klonos PA, Tegopoulos SN, Koutsiara CS, Kontou E, Pissis P, Kyritsis A. Effects of CNTs on thermal transitions, thermal diffusivity and electrical conductivity in nanocomposites: comparison between an amorphous and a semicrystalline polymer matrix. SOFT MATTER 2019; 15:1813-1824. [PMID: 30688327 DOI: 10.1039/c8sm02478b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Two series of polymer nanocomposites (PNCs) based on amorphous styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) and semicrystalline linear low-density polyethylene (PE) matrices were filled with 2-15 wt% carbon nanotubes (CNT) and were studied by employing calorimetry, dielectric spectroscopy and laser flash analysis. The electrical conductivity, σ, increased with CNT loading and similar values were exhibited for the two matrices, uniquely depending on the concentration of the CNTs, suggesting practically no effects of the crystalline fraction (CF) on σ. For both types of matrix, a fraction of the polymer was found to be immobilized (rigid amorphous fraction, RAF). For the amorphous SBR, the RAF in PNCs originates uniquely from the presence of the filler (RAFfiller up to 0.19 wt). On the other hand, for the semicrystalline PE, the RAF is significantly larger (0.4-0.6 wt) due to the severe contribution of the RAF around the crystals (RAFcrystal). The thermal diffusivity, α, is quite low in both types of PNCs and exhibits higher values in the semicrystalline matrix (PE-based PNCs). Our results suggest that in these PNCs, heat transport mechanisms are activated mainly in the crystalline domains, more so with the additive contribution of the RAFcrystal. In the amorphous SBR-based PNCs, heat transport is facilitated mainly by CNTs, whereas the RAFfiller is found to be a good measure of the thermal resistance behavior of CNT/polymer interphases and consequently, of thermal diffusivity. Direct correlation of the results obtained by the three techniques with each other revealed the systematic dependence of α on the amount of RAF in each matrix; the α(RAF) trends, however, are different for the two matrices. Furthermore, the results suggest that the two RAFs exhibit different structural characteristics, e.g. the RAFcrystal exhibits a more ordered structure than the RAFfiller; this issue is still an open debate in the literature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis A Klonos
- Department of Physics, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou Campus, 15780, Athens, Greece.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|