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Cai C, Yao G, Zhang Y, Zhang S, Li F, Tan Z, Dong S. Optically transparent and mechanically tough glass with impact resistance and flame retardancy enabled by covalent/supramolecular interactions. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2024. [PMID: 39252527 DOI: 10.1039/d4mh00750f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/11/2024]
Abstract
Exploring glass materials beyond inorganic components represents a new direction in the development of artificial transparent materials. Inspired by the successes of polymeric and supramolecular glasses, we shifted our attention to the preparation of a transparent glass through the polymerization of low-molecular-weight monomers that are naturally tailored with noncovalent recognition motifs. In this work, an imidazolium unit bearing a vinyl group and a tetrafluoroborate counter anion was selected to construct an artificial glass. Experimental and theoretical investigations revealed that the cross-linking behavior of anions effectively transformed linear polymeric chains into three-dimensional networks. The polymeric-supramolecular glass exhibits a tough tensile strength (61.31 MPa), high Young's modulus (1.17 GPa), and good optical transparency (>90%), which are comparable to those of polymethyl methacrylate. Moreover, the obtained glass maintains excellent mechanical toughness and optical transparency over a wide temperature range (from -150 to 150 °C). The material shows a superior impact resistance (18.34 kJ m-2) and flame retardancy (V0 rating), which are barely achieved by supramolecular materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changyong Cai
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, Hunan, P. R. China.
| | - Guohong Yao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, Hunan, P. R. China.
| | - Yunfei Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, Hunan, P. R. China.
| | - Shiguo Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Fenfang Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Zhijian Tan
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, Hunan, P. R. China.
| | - Shengyi Dong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, Hunan, P. R. China.
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2
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Kida T, Yamaguchi M. Role of Rigid–Amorphous chains on mechanical properties of polypropylene solid using DSC, WAXD, SAXS, and Raman spectroscopy. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.124834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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3
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Spieckermann F, Şopu D, Soprunyuk V, Kerber MB, Bednarčík J, Schökel A, Rezvan A, Ketov S, Sarac B, Schafler E, Eckert J. Structure-dynamics relationships in cryogenically deformed bulk metallic glass. Nat Commun 2022; 13:127. [PMID: 35013192 PMCID: PMC8748940 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27661-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The atomistic mechanisms occurring during the processes of aging and rejuvenation in glassy materials involve very small structural rearrangements that are extremely difficult to capture experimentally. Here we use in-situ X-ray diffraction to investigate the structural rearrangements during annealing from 77 K up to the crystallization temperature in Cu44Zr44Al8Hf2Co2 bulk metallic glass rejuvenated by high pressure torsion performed at cryogenic temperatures and at room temperature. Using a measure of the configurational entropy calculated from the X-ray pair correlation function, the structural footprint of the deformation-induced rejuvenation in bulk metallic glass is revealed. With synchrotron radiation, temperature and time resolutions comparable to calorimetric experiments are possible. This opens hitherto unavailable experimental possibilities allowing to unambiguously correlate changes in atomic configuration and structure to calorimetrically observed signals and can attribute those to changes of the dynamic and vibrational relaxations (α-, β- and γ-transition) in glassy materials. The results suggest that the structural footprint of the β-transition is related to entropic relaxation with characteristics of a first-order transition. Dynamic mechanical analysis data shows that in the range of the β-transition, non-reversible structural rearrangements are preferentially activated. The low-temperature γ-transition is mostly triggering reversible deformations and shows a change of slope in the entropic footprint suggesting second-order characteristics. Understanding of the atomic-scale mechanisms of rejuvenation of bulk metallic glass still remains unclear. Here, using configurational entropy derived from X-ray experiments, authors show a clear picture of the relaxation process during annealing of a metallic glass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Spieckermann
- Department of Materials Science, Chair of Materials Physics, Montanuniversität Leoben, Jahnstraße 12, 8700, Leoben, Austria.
| | - Daniel Şopu
- Erich Schmid Institute of Materials Science of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Jahnstraße 12, 8700, Leoben, Austria.,Institut für Materialwissenschaft, Fachgebiet Materialmodellierung, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Otto-Berndt-Strasse 3, Darmstadt, D-64287, Germany
| | - Viktor Soprunyuk
- Erich Schmid Institute of Materials Science of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Jahnstraße 12, 8700, Leoben, Austria.,Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael B Kerber
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jozef Bednarčík
- Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestraße 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany.,P. J. Šafarik University in Košice, Faculty of Science, Institute of Physics, Park Angelinum 9, 041 54, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Alexander Schökel
- Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestraße 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Amir Rezvan
- Erich Schmid Institute of Materials Science of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Jahnstraße 12, 8700, Leoben, Austria
| | - Sergey Ketov
- Erich Schmid Institute of Materials Science of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Jahnstraße 12, 8700, Leoben, Austria
| | - Baran Sarac
- Erich Schmid Institute of Materials Science of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Jahnstraße 12, 8700, Leoben, Austria
| | - Erhard Schafler
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jürgen Eckert
- Department of Materials Science, Chair of Materials Physics, Montanuniversität Leoben, Jahnstraße 12, 8700, Leoben, Austria.,Erich Schmid Institute of Materials Science of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Jahnstraße 12, 8700, Leoben, Austria
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Wu FY, Yang S, Lin H, Lei J, Xu L, Zhou L, Dai K, Zhong GJ, Li ZM. Enhanced melt-recrystallization process of propylene-ethylene copolymer during the uniaxial stretching with the aid of isotactic polypropylene. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.124443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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5
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Iqbal O, Guo H, Chen W. Structural Origin of Double Yielding: The Critical Role of Crystallite Aggregate Heterogeneity. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Obaid Iqbal
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Film, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Hang Guo
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Film, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Wei Chen
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Film, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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6
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Robust propylene-ethylene copolymer/polypropylene films: Extensional stress-induced orientation realized at low temperature processing. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.122848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Eichelter J, Wilhelm H, Eder A, Mautner A, Bismarck A. Influence of the α-relaxation on the high-velocity stretchability of isotactic polypropylene. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.122593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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8
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Yang S, Wei QY, Gao XR, Zhou L, Xu L, Tang JH, Zhong GJ, Ji X, Li ZM. Robust, transparent films of propylene−ethylene copolymer through isotropic-orientation transition at low temperature accelerated by adjustment of ethylene contents. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.122099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Melt-Mixed 3D Hierarchical Graphene/Polypropylene Nanocomposites with Low Electrical Percolation Threshold. NANOMATERIALS 2019; 9:nano9121766. [PMID: 31835842 PMCID: PMC6956219 DOI: 10.3390/nano9121766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Graphene-based materials are a family of carbonaceous structures that can be produced using a variety of processes either from graphite or other precursors. These materials are typically a few layered sheets of graphene in the form of platelets and maintain some of the properties of pristine graphene (such as two-dimensional platelet shape, aspect ratio, and graphitic bonding). In this work we present melt mixed graphene-based polypropylene systems with significantly reduced percolation threshold. Traditionally melt-mixed systems suffer from poor dispersion that leads to high electrical percolation values. In contrast in our work, graphene was added into an isotactic polypropylene matrix, achieving an electrical percolation threshold of ~1 wt.%. This indicates that the filler dispersion process has been highly efficient, something that leads to the suppression of the β phase that have a strong influence on the crystallization behavior and subsequent thermal and mechanical performance. The electrical percolation values obtained are comparable with reported solution mixed systems, despite the use of simple melt mixing protocols and the lack of any pre or post-treatment of the final compositions. The latter is of particular importance as the preparation method used in this work is industrially relevant and is readily scalable.
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Lin Y, Li X, Chen X, An M, Zhang Q, Wang D, Chen W, Sun L, Yin P, Meng L, Li L. Structural evolution of hard-elastic polyethylene cast film in temperature-strain space: An in-situ SAXS and WAXS study. POLYMER 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.121930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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11
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Understanding structure-mechanics relationship of high density polyethylene based on stress induced lattice distortion. POLYMER 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2018.11.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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12
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Levin PP, Efremkin AF, Krivandin AV, Lomakin SM, Shatalova OV, Khudyakov IV. Photoinduced Reactions of Benzophenone in Biaxially Oriented Polypropylene. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:4298-4305. [PMID: 29644856 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b01483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The photoinduced reactions of benzophenone (B) in biaxially oriented polypropylene (BOPP) were studied with nanosecond laser photolysis (N2 laser, λ337.1 nm). The first observed transient was a triplet state 3B*. Decay of 3B* led to formation of a radical pair (RP) of BH• and R•, where R• is a radical formed by hydrogen abstraction from BOPP (RH) by 3B*. We studied BOPP after the preheating for a short time in a temperature range 298-423 K, which is essentially lower than its melting point of 453 K. All measurements with not-heated and with preheated (annealed) BOPP were made at 298 K. A radical pair (RP) apparently decays as a contact pair 3[BH•, R•] in nonheated BOPP. A critical phenomenon takes place: dissociation of RP with a formation of free radicals in the polymer bulk is observed at preheating temperature Tcrit ≈ 403 K and at a higher T. The physical process of heating and cooling of BOPP apparently resulted in the restructuring of crystallites, their agglomeration, shrinking of the distribution of crystallites according to their sizes in BOPP. Overall BOPP becomes softer which manifests itself in the radical kinetics. The decay kinetics of 3B* and RP in the cage fits well the first-order law. Rate constants were obtained. Radicals BH•, which exit into the polymer bulk at temperatures of preheating T ≥ 403 K, decay by cross-termination according to the second-order law. A relatively high rate constant ∼108 M-1·s-1 for this reaction was obtained due to diffusion of BH• enclosed in the soft amorphous phase of BOPP. Properties of BOPP containing B were studied with ESR, DSC, IR, and WAXD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter P Levin
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics , Russian Academy of Sciences , Moscow , 119334 , Russia.,Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics , Russian Academy of Sciences , Moscow , 119991 , Russia
| | - Alexei F Efremkin
- Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics , Russian Academy of Sciences , Moscow , 119991 , Russia
| | - Aleksey V Krivandin
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics , Russian Academy of Sciences , Moscow , 119334 , Russia
| | - Sergei M Lomakin
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics , Russian Academy of Sciences , Moscow , 119334 , Russia
| | - Olga V Shatalova
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics , Russian Academy of Sciences , Moscow , 119334 , Russia
| | - Igor V Khudyakov
- Department of Chemistry , Columbia University , New York , New York 10027 , United States
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Lin Y, Li X, Meng L, Chen X, Lv F, Zhang Q, Zhang R, Li L. Structural Evolution of Hard-Elastic Isotactic Polypropylene Film during Uniaxial Tensile Deformation: The Effect of Temperature. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b00255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanfei Lin
- National Synchrotron Radiation Lab, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Film, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Xueyu Li
- National Synchrotron Radiation Lab, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Film, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Lingpu Meng
- National Synchrotron Radiation Lab, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Film, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaowei Chen
- National Synchrotron Radiation Lab, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Film, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Fei Lv
- National Synchrotron Radiation Lab, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Film, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Qianlei Zhang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Lab, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Film, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Lab, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Film, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Liangbin Li
- National Synchrotron Radiation Lab, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Film, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
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