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Qureshi MH, Bao J, Kleine TS, Kim KJ, Carothers KJ, Molineux J, Cho E, Kang KS, Godman NP, Coropceanu V, Bredas JL, Norwood RA, Njardarson JT, Pyun J. Synthesis of Deuterated and Sulfurated Polymers by Inverse Vulcanization: Engineering Infrared Transparency via Deuteration. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:27821-27829. [PMID: 38060430 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c10985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of deuterated, sulfurated, proton-free, glassy polymers offers a route to optical polymers for infrared (IR) optics, specifically for midwave IR (MWIR) photonic devices. Deuterated polymers have been utilized to enhance neutron cross-sectional contrast with proteo polymers for morphological neutron scattering measurements but have found limited utility for other applications. We report the synthesis of perdeuterated d14-(1,3-diisopropenylbenzene) with over 99% levels of deuteration and the preparation of proton-free, perdeuterated poly(sulfur-random-d14-(1,3-diisopropenylbenzene)) (poly(S-r-d14-DIB)) via inverse vulcanization with elemental sulfur. Detailed structural analysis and quantum computational calculations of these reactions demonstrate significant kinetic isotope effects, which alter mechanistic pathways to form different copolymer microstructures for deutero vs proteo poly(S-r-DIB). This design also allows for molecular engineering of MWIR transparency by shifting C-H bond vibrations around 3.3 μm/3000 cm-1 observed in proteo poly(S-r-DIB) to 4.2 μm/2200 cm-1. Furthermore, the fabrication of thin-film MWIR optical gratings made from molding of deuterated-sulfurated, proton-free poly(S-r-d14-DIB) is demonstrated; operation of these gratings at 3.39 μm is achieved successfully, while the proteo poly(S-r-DIB) gratings are opaque at these wavelengths, highlighting the promise of MWIR sensors and compact spectrometers from these materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munaum H Qureshi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, 1306 E. University Blvd., Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Jianhua Bao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, 1306 E. University Blvd., Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Tristan S Kleine
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, 1306 E. University Blvd., Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Kyung-Jo Kim
- Wyant College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Kyle J Carothers
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, 1306 E. University Blvd., Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, Ohio 45433, United States
- Azimuth Corporation, 2970 Presidential Drive, Suite 200, Beavercreek, Ohio 45324, United States
| | - Jake Molineux
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, 1306 E. University Blvd., Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Eunkyung Cho
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, 1306 E. University Blvd., Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
- Division of Energy Technology, DIGST, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Seok Kang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, 1306 E. University Blvd., Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Nicholas P Godman
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, Ohio 45433, United States
- Azimuth Corporation, 2970 Presidential Drive, Suite 200, Beavercreek, Ohio 45324, United States
| | - Veaceslav Coropceanu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, 1306 E. University Blvd., Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Jean-Luc Bredas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, 1306 E. University Blvd., Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Robert A Norwood
- Wyant College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Jon T Njardarson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, 1306 E. University Blvd., Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Jeffrey Pyun
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, 1306 E. University Blvd., Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
- Wyant College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
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2
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Cho SH, Pelczer I, Register RA. Regularity of Deuteration in Linear Polyethylene Prepared by Saturation of Polycyclopentene over Homogeneous Catalysts. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seong Hyuk Cho
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - István Pelczer
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Richard A. Register
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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4
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Xie S, Zhang B, Mao Y, He L, Hong K, Bates FS, Lodge TP. Influence of Added Salt on Chain Conformations in Poly(ethylene oxide) Melts: SANS Analysis with Complications. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yimin Mao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
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Brant P, Lu J, Shivokhin M, Yakovlev S, Kang S, Welke B, Raney M, Throckmorton J, Rapp J, Wang H, Yablon D. Strategy for Scalable Comb Block Polyolefin Synthesis. Efficient Graft of Isotactic Polypropylene to a Commercial Broad Molecular Weight Distribution, Hyperbranched, Ethylene Methylacrylate Copolymer. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Brant
- Global Product Fundamentals Department, ExxonMobil Chemical Company, Baytown, Texas 77520, United States
| | - Jiemin Lu
- Global Product Fundamentals Department, ExxonMobil Chemical Company, Baytown, Texas 77520, United States
| | - Maksim Shivokhin
- Global Advanced Characterization Department, ExxonMobil Chemical Company, Baytown, Texas 77520, United States
| | - Sergey Yakovlev
- Global Advanced Characterization Department, ExxonMobil Chemical Company, Baytown, Texas 77520, United States
| | - Shuhui Kang
- Global Advanced Characterization Department, ExxonMobil Chemical Company, Baytown, Texas 77520, United States
| | - Bethany Welke
- Global Advanced Characterization Department, ExxonMobil Chemical Company, Baytown, Texas 77520, United States
| | - Melissa Raney
- Global Advanced Characterization Department, ExxonMobil Chemical Company, Baytown, Texas 77520, United States
| | - Joseph Throckmorton
- Global Advanced Characterization Department, ExxonMobil Chemical Company, Baytown, Texas 77520, United States
| | - Jennifer Rapp
- Global Advanced Characterization Department, ExxonMobil Chemical Company, Baytown, Texas 77520, United States
| | - Hao Wang
- Global Advanced Characterization Department, ExxonMobil Chemical Company, Baytown, Texas 77520, United States
| | - Dalia Yablon
- SurfaceChar LLC, Sharon Massachusetts 02067, United States
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6
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Ertem SP, Onuoha CE, Wang H, Hillmyer MA, Reineke TM, Lodge TP, Bates FS. Hydrogenolysis of Linear Low-Density Polyethylene during Heterogeneous Catalytic Hydrogen–Deuterium Exchange. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Piril Ertem
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - C. Emmanuel Onuoha
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Huiqun Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Marc A. Hillmyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Theresa M. Reineke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Timothy P. Lodge
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Frank S. Bates
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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7
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Nomura K, Peng X, Kim H, Jin K, Kim HJ, Bratton AF, Bond CR, Broman AE, Miller KM, Ellison CJ. Multiblock Copolymers for Recycling Polyethylene-Poly(ethylene terephthalate) Mixed Waste. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:9726-9735. [PMID: 32017525 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b20242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Plastic pollution is one of the most pressing global environmental issues we face today, in part due to the continued rise in production and use of disposable plastic products. Polyolefins and polyesters are two of the most prevalent polymers in the world accounting for ∼80% of total nonfiber plastic production. Recycling, despite being intrinsically environmentally friendly and sometimes economically viable, remains at a surprisingly low level (<9% in the U.S.) with most plastic waste ending up in landfills. One reason for this low rate of recycling stems from the challenge of recycling mixed waste streams and multicomponent plastics. In mixed waste streams, physical presorting of components prior to recycling requires significant effort, which translates to added cost. For multicomponent plastics (e.g., multilayer films such as food wrappers), the individual plastic components cannot be efficiently physically separated, and they are immiscible with poor interfacial adhesion when melt reprocessed. Thus, direct recycling of mixed plastics by melt reprocessing results in products that lack desired end-use properties. In this study, we describe the synthesis of novel poly(ethylene terephthalate)-polyethylene multiblock copolymers (PET-PE MBCPs) and evaluate their utility as adhesive tie layers in multilayer films and compatibilizer additives for melt reprocessed blends. PET and PE are targeted because they are two of the most prevalent commercial polymers in the world and are high volume waste streams. The work described here demonstrates two key findings. First, the PET-PE MBCPs serve as effective adhesive tie layers between neat PET/PE films with adhesive strength comparable to that of commercially available adhesives. Second, PET/PE (80/20 wt %) blends containing ∼0.5 wt % PET-PE MBCP were melt mixed to mimic recycling mixed plastic waste, and they were found to exhibit mechanical properties better than neat PET. Overall, this study demonstrates that PET-PE MBCPs could significantly enhance the ability to recycle PET/PE mixed waste streams by serving the role as both an adhesive promoting layer and a compatibilizer additive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiichiro Nomura
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , University of Minnesota , 421 Washington Ave SE , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455 , United States
- Chemicals Research Laboratories , Toray Industries Inc. , 9-1 Oe-cho , Minato-ku, Nagoya , Japan
| | - Xiayu Peng
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , University of Minnesota , 421 Washington Ave SE , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455 , United States
| | - Hanim Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , University of Minnesota , 421 Washington Ave SE , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455 , United States
| | - Kailong Jin
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , University of Minnesota , 421 Washington Ave SE , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455 , United States
| | - Hee Joong Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , University of Minnesota , 421 Washington Ave SE , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455 , United States
| | - Abigail F Bratton
- Department of Chemistry , Murray State University , 1201 Jesse D. Jones Hall , Murray , Kentucky 42071 , United States
| | - Christopher R Bond
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , University of Minnesota , 421 Washington Ave SE , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455 , United States
| | - Amelia E Broman
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , University of Minnesota , 421 Washington Ave SE , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455 , United States
| | - Kevin M Miller
- Department of Chemistry , Murray State University , 1201 Jesse D. Jones Hall , Murray , Kentucky 42071 , United States
| | - Christopher J Ellison
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , University of Minnesota , 421 Washington Ave SE , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455 , United States
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8
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Xu J, Eagan JM, Kim SS, Pan S, Lee B, Klimovica K, Jin K, Lin TW, Howard MJ, Ellison CJ, LaPointe AM, Coates GW, Bates FS. Compatibilization of Isotactic Polypropylene (iPP) and High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE) with iPP–PE Multiblock Copolymers. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Xu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - James M. Eagan
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Sung-Soo Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Sanshui Pan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Bongjoon Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Kristine Klimovica
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Kailong Jin
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Ting-Wei Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Micah J. Howard
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Christopher J. Ellison
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Anne M. LaPointe
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Geoffrey W. Coates
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Frank S. Bates
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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9
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Chen X, López-Barrón C, Zeng Y, Alamo RG. Concentration fluctuations in the early stages of LLPS and partial dissolution of melt-memory in broadly distributed ethylene copolymers. POLYMER 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2018.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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10
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Habersberger BM, Baugh DW. Solvent and Polymer Stereochemistry Play Key Roles in Deuterium Exchange and Partial Racemization of Polypropylenes. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b02633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brian M. Habersberger
- The Dow Chemical Company, 230 Abner
Jackson Parkway, Lake Jackson, Texas 77566, United States
| | - Daniel W. Baugh
- The Dow Chemical Company, 230 Abner
Jackson Parkway, Lake Jackson, Texas 77566, United States
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11
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Sattler
- Corporate Strategic Research, ExxonMobil Research & Engineering Company, 1545 Route 22 East, Annandale, New Jersey 08801, United States
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