1
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Ko K, Lundberg DJ, Johnson AM, Johnson JA. Mechanism-Guided Discovery of Cleavable Comonomers for Backbone Deconstructable Poly(methyl methacrylate). J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:9142-9154. [PMID: 38526229 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c14554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
The development of cleavable comonomers (CCs) with suitable copolymerization reactivity paves the way for the introduction of backbone deconstructability into polymers. Recent advancements in thionolactone-based CCs, exemplified by dibenzo[c,e]-oxepine-5(7H)-thione (DOT), have opened promising avenues for the selective deconstruction of multiple classes of vinyl polymers, including polyacrylates, polyacrylamides, and polystyrenics. To date, however, no thionolactone CC has been shown to copolymerize with methacrylates to an appreciable extent to enable polymer deconstruction. Here, we overcome this challenge through the design of a new class of benzyl-functionalized thionolactones (bDOTs). Guided by detailed mechanistic analyses, we find that the introduction of radical-stabilizing substituents to bDOTs enables markedly increased and tunable copolymerization reactivity with methyl methacrylate (MMA). Through iterative optimizations of the molecular structure, a specific bDOT, F-p-CF3PhDOT, is discovered to copolymerize efficiently with MMA. High molar mass deconstructable PMMA-based copolymers (dPMMA, Mn > 120 kDa) with low percentages of F-p-CF3PhDOT (1.8 and 3.8 mol%) are prepared using industrially relevant bulk free radical copolymerization conditions. The thermomechanical properties of dPMMA are similar to PMMA; however, the former is shown to degrade into low molar mass fragments (<6.5 kDa) under mild aminolysis conditions. This work presents the first example of a radical ring-opening CC capable of nearly random copolymerization with MMA without the possibility of cross-linking and provides a workflow for the mechanism-guided design of deconstructable copolymers in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwangwook Ko
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - David J Lundberg
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Alayna M Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jeremiah A Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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2
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Sbordone F, Micallef A, Frisch H. pH-Controlled Reversible Folding of Copolymers via Formation of β-sheet Secondary Structures. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202319839. [PMID: 38205669 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202319839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Protein functions are enabled by their perfectly arranged 3D structure, which is the result of a hierarchical intramolecular folding process. Sequence-defined polypeptide chains form locally ordered secondary structures (i.e., α-helix and β-sheet) through hydrogen bonding between the backbone amides, shaping the overall tertiary structure. To generate similarly complex macromolecular architectures based on synthetic materials, a plethora of strategies have been developed to induce and control the folding of synthetic polymers. However, the degree of complexity of the structure-driving ensemble of interactions demonstrated by natural polymers is unreached, as synthesizing long sequence-defined polymers with functional backbones remains a challenge. Herein, we report the synthesis of hybrid peptide-N,N-Dimethylacrylamide copolymers via radical Ring-Opening Polymerization (rROP) of peptide containing macrocycles. The resulting synthetic polymers contain sequence-defined regions of β-sheet encoding amino acid sequences. Exploiting the pH responsiveness of the embedded sequences, protonation or deprotonation in water induces self-assembly of the peptide strands at an intramacromolecular level, driving polymer chain folding via formation of β-sheet secondary structures. We demonstrate that the folding behavior is sequence dependent and reversible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Sbordone
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Aaron Micallef
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
- Central Analytical Research Facility, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Hendrik Frisch
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
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3
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Lai H, Ouchi M. Backbone-Degradable Polymers via Radical Copolymerizations of Pentafluorophenyl Methacrylate with Cyclic Ketene Acetal: Pendant Modification and Efficient Degradation by Alternating-Rich Sequence. ACS Macro Lett 2021; 10:1223-1228. [PMID: 35549050 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.1c00513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This work deals with syntheses of backbone-degradable polymers via the radical copolymerization of pentafluorophenyl methacrylate (PFMA) with 5,6-benzo-2-methylene-1,3-dioxepane (BMDO), which undergoes ring-opening propagation to afford an ester-bonded backbone. The combination of the electron-deficient methacrylate with the electron-rich cyclic monomer allowed high crossover copolymerization, and the electronic effect was clarified by the comparison with the copolymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) and BMDO. The PFMA units of the resultant copolymer underwent quantitative alcoholysis or aminolysis transformation into methacrylate or methacrylamide units along with the pendant functionalization. The alternating-rich sequence was achieved by feeding an excess ratio of BMDO, which was supported by MALDI-TOF-MS of the copolymer obtained by the RAFT copolymerization. The methanolysis-transformed copolymer carrying MMA units was decomposed under basic condition, and the degradation efficiency was superior to that of the copolymer obtained via radical copolymerization of MMA with BMDO because of the alternating-rich sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiwang Lai
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Makoto Ouchi
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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4
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Lv J, Cheng Y. Fluoropolymers in biomedical applications: state-of-the-art and future perspectives. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:5435-5467. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00258e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Biomedical applications of fluoropolymers in gene delivery, protein delivery, drug delivery, 19F MRI, PDT, anti-fouling, anti-bacterial, cell culture, and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Lv
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology
- School of Life Sciences
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Yiyun Cheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology
- School of Life Sciences
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai
- China
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5
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Pesenti T, Nicolas J. 100th Anniversary of Macromolecular Science Viewpoint: Degradable Polymers from Radical Ring-Opening Polymerization: Latest Advances, New Directions, and Ongoing Challenges. ACS Macro Lett 2020; 9:1812-1835. [PMID: 35653672 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.0c00676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Radical ring-opening polymerization (rROP) allows facile incorporation of labile groups (e.g., ester) into the main chain of vinyl polymers to obtain (bio)degradable materials. rROP has focused a lot of attention especially since the advent of reversible deactivation radical polymerization (RDRP) techniques and is still incredibly moving forward, as attested by the numerous achievements in terms of monomer synthesis, macromolecular engineering, and potential biomedical applications of the resulting degradable polymers. In the present Viewpoint, we will cover the latest progress made in rROP in the last ∼5 years, such as its recent directions, its remaining limitations, and the ongoing challenges. More specifically, this will be achieved through the three different classes of monomers that recently caught most of the attention: cyclic ketene acetals (CKA), thionolactones, and macrocyclic monomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Théo Pesenti
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut Galien Paris-Saclay, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Julien Nicolas
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut Galien Paris-Saclay, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France
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6
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Tardy A, Gil N, Plummer CM, Siri D, Gigmes D, Lefay C, Guillaneuf Y. Polyesters by a Radical Pathway: Rationalization of the Cyclic Ketene Acetal Efficiency. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:14517-14526. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202005114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Tardy
- Aix-Marseille Univ CNRS Institut de Chimie Radicalaire UMR 7273 Marseille France
| | - Noémie Gil
- Aix-Marseille Univ CNRS Institut de Chimie Radicalaire UMR 7273 Marseille France
| | | | - Didier Siri
- Aix-Marseille Univ CNRS Institut de Chimie Radicalaire UMR 7273 Marseille France
| | - Didier Gigmes
- Aix-Marseille Univ CNRS Institut de Chimie Radicalaire UMR 7273 Marseille France
| | - Catherine Lefay
- Aix-Marseille Univ CNRS Institut de Chimie Radicalaire UMR 7273 Marseille France
| | - Yohann Guillaneuf
- Aix-Marseille Univ CNRS Institut de Chimie Radicalaire UMR 7273 Marseille France
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7
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Tardy A, Gil N, Plummer CM, Siri D, Gigmes D, Lefay C, Guillaneuf Y. Polyesters by a Radical Pathway: Rationalization of the Cyclic Ketene Acetal Efficiency. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202005114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Tardy
- Aix-Marseille Univ CNRS Institut de Chimie Radicalaire UMR 7273 Marseille France
| | - Noémie Gil
- Aix-Marseille Univ CNRS Institut de Chimie Radicalaire UMR 7273 Marseille France
| | | | - Didier Siri
- Aix-Marseille Univ CNRS Institut de Chimie Radicalaire UMR 7273 Marseille France
| | - Didier Gigmes
- Aix-Marseille Univ CNRS Institut de Chimie Radicalaire UMR 7273 Marseille France
| | - Catherine Lefay
- Aix-Marseille Univ CNRS Institut de Chimie Radicalaire UMR 7273 Marseille France
| | - Yohann Guillaneuf
- Aix-Marseille Univ CNRS Institut de Chimie Radicalaire UMR 7273 Marseille France
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8
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Pelegri-O'Day EM, Bhattacharya A, Theopold N, Ko JH, Maynard HD. Synthesis of Zwitterionic and Trehalose Polymers with Variable Degradation Rates and Stabilization of Insulin. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:2147-2154. [PMID: 32369347 PMCID: PMC8259896 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c00133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Polymers that stabilize biomolecules are important as excipients in protein formulation. Herein, we describe a class of degradable polymers that have tunable degradation rates depending on the polymer backbone and can stabilize proteins to aggregation. Specifically, zwitterion- and trehalose-substituted polycaprolactone, polyvalerolactone, polycarbonate, and polylactide were prepared and characterized with regards to their hydrolytic degradation and ability to stabilize insulin to mechanical agitation during heat. Ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of allyl-substituted monomers was performed by using organocatalysis, resulting in well-defined alkene-substituted polymers with good control over molecular weight and dispersity. The polymers were then modified by using photocatalyzed thiol-ene reactions to install protein-stabilizing carboxybetaine and trehalose side chains. The resulting polymers were water-soluble and exhibited a wide range of half-lives, from 12 h to more than 3 months. The polymers maintained the ability to stabilize the therapeutic protein insulin from activity loss due to aggregation, demonstrating their potential as degradable excipients for protein formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma M Pelegri-O'Day
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Arvind Bhattacharya
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Nik Theopold
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Jeong Hoon Ko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Heather D Maynard
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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9
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Blake TR, Ho WC, Turlington CR, Zang X, Huttner MA, Wender PA, Waymouth RM. Synthesis and mechanistic investigations of pH-responsive cationic poly(aminoester)s. Chem Sci 2020; 11:2951-2966. [PMID: 34122796 PMCID: PMC8157522 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc05267d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The synthesis and degradation mechanisms of a class of pH-sensitive, rapidly degrading cationic poly(α-aminoester)s are described. These reactive, cationic polymers are stable at low pH in water, but undergo a fast and selective degradation at higher pH to liberate neutral diketopiperazines. Related materials incorporating oligo(α-amino ester)s have been shown to be effective gene delivery agents, as the charge-altering degradative behavior facilitates the delivery and release of mRNA and other nucleic acids in vitro and in vivo. Herein, we report detailed studies of the structural and environmental factors that lead to these rapid and selective degradation processes in aqueous buffers. At neutral pH, poly(α-aminoester)s derived from N-hydroxyethylglycine degrade selectively by a mechanism involving sequential 1,5- and 1,6-O→N acyl shifts to generate bis(N-hydroxyethyl) diketopiperazine. A family of structurally related cationic poly(aminoester)s was generated to study the structural influences on the degradation mechanism, product distribution, and pH dependence of the rate of degradation. The kinetics and mechanism of the pH-induced degradations were investigated by 1H NMR, model reactions, and kinetic simulations. These results indicate that polyesters bearing α-ammonium groups and appropriately positioned N-hydroxyethyl substituents are readily cleaved (by intramolecular attack) or hydrolyzed, representing dynamic "dual function" materials that are initially polycationic and transform with changing environment to neutral products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy R Blake
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA
| | - Wilson C Ho
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA
| | | | - Xiaoyu Zang
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA
| | | | - Paul A Wender
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA
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10
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Spick MP, Bingham NM, Li Y, de Jesus J, Costa C, Bailey MJ, Roth PJ. Fully Degradable Thioester-Functional Homo- and Alternating Copolymers Prepared through Thiocarbonyl Addition–Ring-Opening RAFT Radical Polymerization. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b02497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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11
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Tardy A, Gil N, Plummer CM, Zhu C, Harrisson S, Siri D, Nicolas J, Gigmes D, Guillaneuf Y, Lefay C. DFT-calculation-assisted prediction of the copolymerization between cyclic ketene acetals and traditional vinyl monomers. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py01179g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The ring-opening polymerization of cyclic ketene acetals (CKAs) and vinyl monomers is an elegant method to produce degradable copolymers. Owing to DFT calculations, we are now able to better understand the reactivity of CKAs & common vinyl monomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Tardy
- Aix-Marseille-Univ
- CNRS
- Institut de Chimie Radicalaire
- UMR 7273
- F-13397 Marseille
| | - Noémie Gil
- Aix-Marseille-Univ
- CNRS
- Institut de Chimie Radicalaire
- UMR 7273
- F-13397 Marseille
| | | | - Chen Zhu
- Université Paris-Saclay
- CNRS
- Institut Galien Paris-Saclay
- 92296 Châtenay-Malabry
- France
| | - Simon Harrisson
- Université Paris-Saclay
- CNRS
- Institut Galien Paris-Saclay
- 92296 Châtenay-Malabry
- France
| | - Didier Siri
- Aix-Marseille-Univ
- CNRS
- Institut de Chimie Radicalaire
- UMR 7273
- F-13397 Marseille
| | - Julien Nicolas
- Université Paris-Saclay
- CNRS
- Institut Galien Paris-Saclay
- 92296 Châtenay-Malabry
- France
| | - Didier Gigmes
- Aix-Marseille-Univ
- CNRS
- Institut de Chimie Radicalaire
- UMR 7273
- F-13397 Marseille
| | - Yohann Guillaneuf
- Aix-Marseille-Univ
- CNRS
- Institut de Chimie Radicalaire
- UMR 7273
- F-13397 Marseille
| | - Catherine Lefay
- Aix-Marseille-Univ
- CNRS
- Institut de Chimie Radicalaire
- UMR 7273
- F-13397 Marseille
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12
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Abstract
This review discusses the history of reversible-deactivation radical ring-opening polymerization of cyclic ketene acetals, focusing on the preparation of degradable complex polymeric architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander W. Jackson
- Agency for Science
- Technology and Engineering (A*Star)
- Institute of Chemical and Engineering Sciences (ICES)
- Functional Molecules and Polymers (FMP) Division
- Jurong Island
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13
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Hill MR, Kubo T, Goodrich SL, Figg CA, Sumerlin BS. Alternating Radical Ring-Opening Polymerization of Cyclic Ketene Acetals: Access to Tunable and Functional Polyester Copolymers. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b00889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Megan R. Hill
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Tomohiro Kubo
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Sofia L. Goodrich
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - C. Adrian Figg
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Brent S. Sumerlin
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
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14
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Xu LQ, Neoh KG, Kang ET. Biomimetic Anchors for Antifouling and Antibacterial Polymeric Coatings. ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/bk-2018-1285.ch013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Qun Xu
- Institute for Clean Energy and Advanced Materials, Faculty of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China 400715
| | - Koon-Gee Neoh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore 117576
| | - En-Tang Kang
- Institute for Clean Energy and Advanced Materials, Faculty of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China 400715
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15
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Martin L, Gody G, Perrier S. On the Use of Redox Initiation in Aqueous RAFT Polymerisation. ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/bk-2018-1285.ch004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liam Martin
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Guillaume Gody
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Sébastien Perrier
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville VIC 3052, Australia
- Warwick Medical School, The University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
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16
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Terashima T. Programmed Self-Assembly of Amphiphilic Random Copolymers in Water via Controlled Radical Polymerization. ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/bk-2018-1285.ch008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takaya Terashima
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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17
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Pietrasik J, Budzałek K, Zhang Y, Hałagan K, Kozanecki M. Macromolecular Templates for Synthesis of Inorganic Nanoparticles. ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/bk-2018-1285.ch010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Pietrasik
- Institute of Polymer and Dye Technology, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90 924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Budzałek
- Department of Molecular Physics, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90 924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Yaoming Zhang
- Institute of Polymer and Dye Technology, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90 924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Hałagan
- Department of Molecular Physics, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90 924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Marcin Kozanecki
- Department of Molecular Physics, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90 924 Lodz, Poland
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18
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Gan W, Cao X, Gao H. Recent Progress on Grafting-onto Synthesis of Molecular Brushes by Reversible Deactivation Radical Polymerization and CuAAC Coupling Reaction. ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/bk-2018-1285.ch014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weiping Gan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Xiaosong Cao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Haifeng Gao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
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