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Cormier S, Fogg DE. Probing Catalyst Degradation in Metathesis of Internal Olefins: Expanding Access to Amine-Tagged ROMP Polymers. ACS Catal 2023; 13:11834-11840. [PMID: 37671179 PMCID: PMC10476157 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.3c02729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Ruthenium-promoted ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) offers potentially powerful routes to amine-functionalized polymers with antimicrobial, adhesive, and self-healing properties. However, amines readily degrade the methylidene and unsubstituted ruthenacyclobutane intermediates formed in metathesis of terminal olefins. Examined herein is the relevance of these decomposition pathways to ROMP (i.e., metathesis of internal olefins) by the third-generation Grubbs catalyst. Primary alkylamines rapidly quench polymerization via fast adduct formation, followed by nucleophilic abstraction of the propagating alkylidene. Bulkier, Brønsted-basic amines are less aggressive: attack competes only for slow polymerization or strong bases (e.g., DBU). Added HCl limits degradation, as demonstrated by the successful ROMP of an otherwise intractable methylamine monomer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha
K. Cormier
- Center
for Catalysis Research & Innovation, and Department of Chemistry
and Biomolecular Sciences, University of
Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5
| | - Deryn E. Fogg
- Center
for Catalysis Research & Innovation, and Department of Chemistry
and Biomolecular Sciences, University of
Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, N-5007 Bergen, Norway
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2
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Xie C, Yang S, He R, Liu J, Chen Y, Guo Y, Guo Z, Qiu T, Tuo X. Recent Advances in Self-Assembly and Application of Para-Aramids. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27144413. [PMID: 35889286 PMCID: PMC9325195 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27144413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) (PPTA) is one kind of lyotropic liquid crystal polymer. Kevlar fibers performed from PPTA are widely used in many fields due to their superior mechanical properties resulting from their highly oriented macromolecular structure. However, the “infusible and insoluble” characteristic of PPTA gives rise to its poor processability, which limits its scope of application. The strong interactions and orientation characteristic of aromatic amide segments make PPTA attractive in the field of self-assembly. Chemical derivation has proved an effective way to modify the molecular structure of PPTA to improve its solubility and amphiphilicity, which resulted in different liquid crystal behaviors or supramolecular aggregates, but the modification of PPTA is usually complex and difficult. Alternatively, higher-order all-PPTA structures have also been realized through the controllable hierarchical self-assembly of PPTA from the polymerization process to the formation of macroscopic products. This review briefly summarizes the self-assembly methods of PPTA-based materials in recent years, and focuses on the polymerization-induced PPTA nanofibers which can be further fabricated into different macroscopic architectures when other self-assembly methods are combined. This monomer-started hierarchical self-assembly strategy evokes the feasible processing of PPTA, and enriches the diversity of product, which is expected to be expanded to other liquid crystal polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunjie Xie
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; (C.X.); (S.Y.); (R.H.); (J.L.); (Y.C.); (Y.G.); (Z.G.)
| | - Shixuan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; (C.X.); (S.Y.); (R.H.); (J.L.); (Y.C.); (Y.G.); (Z.G.)
| | - Ran He
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; (C.X.); (S.Y.); (R.H.); (J.L.); (Y.C.); (Y.G.); (Z.G.)
| | - Jianning Liu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; (C.X.); (S.Y.); (R.H.); (J.L.); (Y.C.); (Y.G.); (Z.G.)
| | - Yuexi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; (C.X.); (S.Y.); (R.H.); (J.L.); (Y.C.); (Y.G.); (Z.G.)
| | - Yongyi Guo
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; (C.X.); (S.Y.); (R.H.); (J.L.); (Y.C.); (Y.G.); (Z.G.)
| | - Zhaoxia Guo
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; (C.X.); (S.Y.); (R.H.); (J.L.); (Y.C.); (Y.G.); (Z.G.)
| | - Teng Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers (Ministry of Education), Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China;
| | - Xinlin Tuo
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; (C.X.); (S.Y.); (R.H.); (J.L.); (Y.C.); (Y.G.); (Z.G.)
- Correspondence:
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Kuanr N, Gilmour DJ, Gildenast H, Perry MR, Schafer LL. Amine-Containing Monomers for Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization: Understanding Chelate Effects in Aryl- and Alkylamine-Functionalized Polyolefins. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c02664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nirmalendu Kuanr
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Damon J. Gilmour
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Hans Gildenast
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Mitchell R. Perry
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Laurel L. Schafer
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, British Columbia, Canada
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Basterretxea A, Gabirondo E, Jehanno C, Zhu H, Coulembier O, Mecerreyes D, Sardon H. Stereoretention in the Bulk ROP of l-Lactide Guided by a Thermally Stable Organocatalyst. Macromolecules 2021; 54:6214-6225. [PMID: 35693113 PMCID: PMC9171820 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
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Polylactide (PLA) has emerged as one of the most promising bio-based
alternatives to petroleum-based plastics, mainly because it can be
produced from the fermentation of naturally occurring sugars and because
it can be industrially compostable. In spite of these benefits, the
industrial ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of l-lactide
(L-LA) still requires the use of highly active and thermally stable
metal-based catalysts, which have raised some environmental concerns.
While the excellent balance between activity and functional group
compatibility of organic acid catalysts makes them some of the most
suitable catalysts for the metal-free ROP of L-LA, the majority of
these acids are highly volatile and subject to decomposition at high
temperature, which limits their use under industrially relevant conditions.
In this work we exploit the use of a nonstoichiometric acid–base
organocatalyst to promote the solvent-free and metal-free ROP of L-LA
at elevated temperatures in the absence of epimerization and transesterification.
To do so, a stable acidic complex was prepared by mixing 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine
(DMAP) with 2 equiv of methanesulfonic acid (MSA). Both experimental
and computational results indicate that DMAP:MSA (1:2) not only is
highly thermally stable but also promotes the retention of stereoregularity
during the polymerization of L-LA, leading to PLLA with a molar mass
of up to 40 kg mol–1 and a chiral purity in excess
of 98%. This result provides a new feature to exploit in organocatalyzed
polymerization and in the design of new catalysts to facilitate the
path to market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andere Basterretxea
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Elena Gabirondo
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Coralie Jehanno
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Haijin Zhu
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University Waurn Ponds Campus, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia
| | - Olivier Coulembier
- Center of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP), Laboratory of Polymeric and Composite Materials, University of Mons, Place du Parc 23, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - David Mecerreyes
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
- IKERBASQUE Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Haritz Sardon
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
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Philipps K, Junkers T, Michels JJ. The block copolymer shuffle in size exclusion chromatography: the intrinsic problem with using elugrams to determine chain extension success. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00210d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Is an increase in hydrodynamic volume always expected in block copolymer synthesis? Why SEC is sometimes not the last word.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Philipps
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
| | - Tanja Junkers
- Polymer Reaction Design Group
- School of Chemistry
- Monash University
- Clayton
- Australia
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Abstract
Multiblock copolymers (MBCs) are an emerging class of synthetic polymers that exhibit different macromolecular architectures and behaviours to those of homopolymers or di/triblock copolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin P. Beyer
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Warwick
- Coventry
- UK
- Polymer Chemistry Laboratory
| | - Jungyeon Kim
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Warwick
- Coventry
- UK
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7
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Zhu C, Mu AU, Wang C, Ji X, Fang L. Synthesis and Solution Processing of a Rigid Polymer Enabled by Active Manipulation of Intramolecular Hydrogen Bonds. ACS Macro Lett 2018; 7:801-806. [PMID: 35650771 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.8b00388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Global intramolecular hydrogen bonds were installed and manipulated in a rigid artificial synthetic polymer in order to actively control its conformation for synthesis and processing. The polymer solubility was switched on and off by chemically inhibiting and regenerating these preorganized intramolecular hydrogen bonds. Such active manipulation made it possible to synthesize this highly rigid polymer with elevated molecular weights. A well-solubilized, noncoplanar polymer precursor with thermally cleavable Boc groups was synthesized (Mn = 32.4 kg/mol). After processing this precursor into thin films, in situ thermal treatment regenerated the latent intramolecular hydrogen bonds and led to a rigid ladder-type conformation. Such manipulation of the intramolecular hydrogen bonds allowed for multilayer deposition of this polymer, laying the foundation for potential additive manufacturing using this strategy.
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