1
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Wan Y, He J, Zhang Y. An Arbitrarily Regulated Monomer Sequence in Multi-Block Copolymer Synthesis by Frustrated Lewis Pairs. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202218248. [PMID: 36577704 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202218248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Rapid access to sequence-controlled multi-block copolymers (multi-BCPs) remains as a challenging task in the polymer synthesis. Here we employ a Lewis pair (LP) composed of organophosphorus superbase and bulky organoaluminum to effectively copolymerize the mixture of methacrylate, cyclic acrylate, and two acrylates, into well-defined di-, tri-, tetra- and even a hepta-BCP in one-pot one-step manner. The combined livingness, dual-initiation and CSC feature of Lewis pair polymerization enable us to achieve not only a trihexaconta-BCP with the highest record in 8 steps by using four-component monomer mixture as building blocks, but also the arbitrarily-regulated monomer sequence in multi-BCP, simply by changing the composition and adding order of the monomer mixtures, thus demonstrating the powerful capability of our strategy in improving the efficiency and enriching the composition of multi-BCP synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 130012, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jianghua He
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 130012, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yuetao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 130012, Changchun, Jilin, China
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2
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Zhang ZH, Wang X, Weng B, Zhang Y, Zhang G, Hong M. Zinc-Mediated Allylation-Lactonization One-Pot Reaction to Methylene Butyrolactones: Renewable Monomers for Sustainable Acrylic Polymers with Closed-Loop Recyclability. ACS POLYMERS AU 2022; 2:266-274. [PMID: 36855566 PMCID: PMC9955236 DOI: 10.1021/acspolymersau.2c00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Despite biomass-derived methylene butyrolactone monomers having great potential in substituting the petroleum-based methacrylates for synthesizing the sustainable acrylic polymers, the possible industrial production of these cyclic monomers is unfortunately not practical due to moderate overall yields and harsh reaction conditions or a time-consuming multistep process. Here we report a convenient and effective synthetic approach to a series of biomass-derived methylene butyrolactone monomers via a zinc-mediated allylation-lactonization one-pot reaction of biorenewable aldehydes with ethyl 2-(bromomethyl)acrylate. Under simple room-temperature sonication conditions, near-quantitative conversions (>90%) can be accomplished within 5-30 min, providing pure products with high isolated yields of 70-80%. Their efficient polymerizations with a high degree of control and complete chemoselectivity were enabled by the judiciously chosen Lewis pair catalyst based on methylaluminum bis(2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenoxide) [MeAl(BHT)2] Lewis acid and 3-diisopropyl-4,5-dimethylimidazol-2-ylidene (I i Pr) Lewis base, affording new poly(methylene butyrolactone)s with high thermal stability and thermal properties tuned in a wide range as well as pendant vinyl groups for postfunctionalization. Through the development of an effective depolymerization setup (370-390 °C, ca. 100 mTorr, 1 h, a muffle furnace), thermal depolymerizations of these polymers have been achieved with monomer recovery up to 99.8%, thus successfully constructing sustainable acrylic polymers with closed-loop recyclability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Hua Zhang
- State
Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of
Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xing Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of
Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Biwei Weng
- State
Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of
Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yixin Zhang
- State
Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of
Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Guozhu Zhang
- State
Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of
Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Miao Hong
- State
Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of
Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China,School
of Chemistry and Material Sciences, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced
Study, University of Chinese Academy of
Sciences, 1 Sub-lane Xiangshan, Hangzhou 310024, China,
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3
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Chia CC, Li Y, Xiao L, Yang MC, Su MD, So CW. Lewis Pair Polymerization of Alkyl Methacrylate by Amidinato Silicon Compounds and Tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cher-Chiek Chia
- Nanyang Technological University School of Physical and Mathematical sciences SINGAPORE
| | - Yan Li
- Hangzhou Normal University Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education CHINA
| | | | - Ming-Chung Yang
- National Chiayi University Department of Applied Chemistry TAIWAN
| | - Ming-Der Su
- National Chiayi University Department of Applied Chemistry TAIWAN
| | - Cheuk-Wai So
- Nanyang Technological University Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry 21 Nanyang Link 637371 Singapore SINGAPORE
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4
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Liao X, Cui FC, He JH, Ren WM, Lu XB, Zhang YT. Sustainable Approach for Synthesis and Completely Recycle of Cyclic CO 2-based Polycarbonates. Chem Sci 2022; 13:6283-6290. [PMID: 35733884 PMCID: PMC9159078 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc01387h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
It is highly desirable to reduce the environmental pollution related to the disposal of end-of-life plastics. Polycarbonates derived from the copolymerization of CO2 and epoxides have attracted much attention since they can enable CO2-fixation and furnish biorenewable and degradable polymeric materials. So far, only linear CO2-based polycarbonates have been reported and typically degraded to cyclic carbonates. Here we synthesize a homogeneous dinuclear methyl zinc catalyst ((BDI-ZnMe)2, 1) to rapidly copolymerize meso-CHO and CO2 into poly(cyclohexene carbonate) (PCHC) with an unprecedentedly cyclic structure. Moreover, in the presence of trace amounts of water, a heterogeneous multi-nuclear zinc catalyst ((BDI-(ZnMe2·xH2O))n, 2) is prepared and shows up to 99% selectivity towards the degradation of PCHC back to meso-CHO and CO2. This strategy not only achieves the first case of cyclic CO2-based polycarbonate but also realizes the complete chemical recycling of PCHC back to its monomers, representing closed-loop recycling of CO2-based polycarbonates. It is highly desirable to reduce the environmental pollution related to the disposal of end-of-life plastics.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University 130012 Changchun P. R. China
| | - Feng-Chao Cui
- Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University 130024 Changchun P. R. China
| | - Jiang-Hua He
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University 130012 Changchun P. R. China
| | - Wei-Min Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology 116024 Dalian P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Bing Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology 116024 Dalian P. R. China
| | - Yue-Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University 130012 Changchun P. R. China
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5
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Bai Y, Wang H, He J, Zhang Y, Chen EYX. Dual-initiating and living frustrated Lewis pairs: expeditious synthesis of biobased thermoplastic elastomers. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4874. [PMID: 34385442 PMCID: PMC8360971 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25069-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Biobased poly(γ-methyl-α-methylene-γ-butyrolactone) (PMMBL), an acrylic polymer bearing a cyclic lactone ring, has attracted increasing interest because it not only is biorenewable but also exhibits superior properties to petroleum-based linear analog poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). However, such property enhancement has been limited to resistance to heat and solvent, and mechanically both types of polymers are equally brittle. Here we report the expeditious synthesis of well-defined PMMBL-based ABA tri-block copolymers (tri-BCPs)-enabled by dual-initiating and living frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs)-which are thermoplastic elastomers showing much superior mechanical properties, especially at high working temperatures (80-130 °C), to those of PMMA-based tri-BCPs. The FLPs consist of a bulky organoaluminum Lewis acid and a series of newly designed bis(imino)phosphine superbases bridged by an alkyl linker, which promote living polymerization of MMBL. Uniquely, such bisphosphine superbases initiate the chain growth from both P-sites concurrently, enabling the accelerated synthesis of tri-BCPs in a one-pot, two-step procedure. The results from mechanistic studies, including the single crystal structure of the dually initiated active species, detailed polymerizations, and kinetic studies confirm the livingness of the polymerization and support the proposed polymerization mechanism featuring the dual initiation and subsequent chain growth from both P-sites of the superbase di-initiator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Huaiyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jianghua He
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yuetao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
| | - Eugene Y-X Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
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6
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Klare HFT, Albers L, Süsse L, Keess S, Müller T, Oestreich M. Silylium Ions: From Elusive Reactive Intermediates to Potent Catalysts. Chem Rev 2021; 121:5889-5985. [PMID: 33861564 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The history of silyl cations has all the makings of a drama but with a happy ending. Being considered reactive intermediates impossible to isolate in the condensed phase for decades, their actual characterization in solution and later in solid state did only fuel the discussion about their existence and initially created a lot of controversy. This perception has completely changed today, and silyl cations and their donor-stabilized congeners are now widely accepted compounds with promising use in synthetic chemistry. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the fundamental facts and principles of the chemistry of silyl cations, including reliable ways of their preparation as well as their physical and chemical properties. The striking features of silyl cations are their enormous electrophilicity and as such reactivity as super Lewis acids as well as fluorophilicity. Known applications rely on silyl cations as reactants, stoichiometric reagents, and promoters where the reaction success is based on their steady regeneration over the course of the reaction. Silyl cations can even be discrete catalysts, thereby opening the next chapter of their way into the toolbox of synthetic methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik F T Klare
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17 Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Lena Albers
- Institut für Chemie, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky-Strasse 9-11, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Lars Süsse
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17 Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Keess
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17 Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Müller
- Institut für Chemie, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky-Strasse 9-11, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Martin Oestreich
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17 Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
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7
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Fouilloux H, Thomas CM. Production and Polymerization of Biobased Acrylates and Analogs. Macromol Rapid Commun 2021; 42:e2000530. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.202000530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Fouilloux
- PSL University Chimie ParisTech CNRS Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris Paris 75005 France
| | - Christophe M. Thomas
- PSL University Chimie ParisTech CNRS Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris Paris 75005 France
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8
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Bai Y, Wang H, He J, Zhang Y. Living polymerization of naturally renewable butyrolactone-based vinylidenes mediated by a frustrated Lewis pair. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00924a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The frustrated Lewis pair composed of an organophosphorus(iii) superbase and a bulky organoaluminum Lewis acid promoted the living/controlled polymerization of naturally renewable butyrolactone-based vinylidenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, China
| | - Huaiyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, China
| | - Jianghua He
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, China
| | - Yuetao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, China
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9
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Ould DMC, Carden JL, Page R, Melen RL. Synthesis and Reactivity of Fluorinated Triaryl Aluminum Complexes. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:14891-14898. [PMID: 32869993 PMCID: PMC7581293 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c01076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The addition of the Grignard 3,4,5-ArFMgBr to aluminum(III)
chloride in ether generates the novel triarylalane Al(3,4,5-ArF)3·OEt2. Attempts to synthesize
this alane via transmetalation from the parent borane with trimethylaluminum
gave a dimeric structure with bridging methyl groups, a product of
partial transmetalation. On the other hand, the novel alane Al(2,3,4-ArF)3 was synthesized from the parent borane and trimethylaluminum.
Interestingly, the solid-state structure of Al(2,3,4-ArF)3 shows an extended chain structure resulting from neighboring
Al···F contacts. Al(3,4,5-ArF)3·OEt2 was then found to be an effective catalyst
for the hydroboration of carbonyls, imines, and alkynes with pinacolborane. The addition of the Grignard 3,4,5-ArFMgBr to
aluminum(III) chloride in ether generates the novel triarylalane Al(3,4,5-ArF)3·OEt2. Attempts to synthesize
this alane via transmetalation from the parent borane with trimethylaluminum
gave a dimeric structure with bridging methyl groups; a product of
partial transmetalation. On the other hand, the novel alane Al(2,3,4-ArF)3 was synthesized from the parent borane and trimethylaluminum.
Al(3,4,5-ArF)3·OEt2 was then
found to be an effective catalyst for the hydroboration of carbonyls,
imines and alkynes with pinacolborane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren M C Ould
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Cardiff CF10 3AT, Cymru/Wales, U.K
| | - Jamie L Carden
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Cardiff CF10 3AT, Cymru/Wales, U.K
| | - Rowan Page
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Cardiff CF10 3AT, Cymru/Wales, U.K
| | - Rebecca L Melen
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Cardiff CF10 3AT, Cymru/Wales, U.K
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10
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael L. McGraw
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872, United States
| | - Eugene Y.-X. Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872, United States
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11
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Wang T, He J, Zhang Y. Production of γ-Valerolactone from One-Pot Transformation of Biomass-Derived Carbohydrates Over Chitosan-Supported Ruthenium Catalyst Combined with Zeolite ZSM-5. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201901704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tianlong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials; College of Chemistry; Jilin University; 130012 Changchun Jilin China
| | - Jianghua He
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials; College of Chemistry; Jilin University; 130012 Changchun Jilin China
| | - Yuetao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials; College of Chemistry; Jilin University; 130012 Changchun Jilin China
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12
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Clarke RW, McGraw ML, Gowda RR, Chen EYX. Lewis Pair Polymerization of Renewable Indenone to Erythro-Ditactic High-Tg Polymers with an Upcycling Avenue. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b02285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan W. Clarke
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872, United States
| | - Michael L. McGraw
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872, United States
| | - Ravikumar R. Gowda
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872, United States
| | - Eugene Y.-X. Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872, United States
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13
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Wang T, Xu H, He J, Zhang Y. MPV reduction of ethyl levulinate to γ-valerolactone by the biomass-derived chitosan-supported Zr catalyst. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj02667k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Biomass-derived chitosan-supported Zr catalyst with dual acid–base properties exhibits highly efficient performance towards MPV reduction of ethyl levulinate to γ-valerolactone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianlong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun
- China
| | - Hai Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun
- China
| | - Jianghua He
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun
- China
| | - Yuetao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun
- China
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14
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Gilsdorf RA, Nicki MA, Chen EYX. High chemical recyclability of vinyl lactone acrylic bioplastics. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py00786b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Biomass-derived vinyl lactone acrylic bioplastics not only exhibit higher thermostability but also depolymerize more selectively to monomers with higher yield and purity compared to their petroleum-based vinyl ester acrylic counterpart.
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15
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Zhao W, He J, Zhang Y. Lewis pairs polymerization of polar vinyl monomers. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2019; 64:1830-1840. [PMID: 36659579 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2019.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The globally increasing demands for polymer materials stimulate the significantly intense attention focused on the Lewis pair polymerization (LPP) of various polar vinyl monomers catalyzed by Lewis pairs (LPs) composed of Lewis acid (LA) and Lewis base (LB). According to the degree of interaction between LA and LB, LPs could be divided into classical Lewis adduct (CLA), interacting Lewis pair (ILP) and frustrated Lewis pair (FLP). Regulation of the Lewis basicity, Lewis acidity, and steric effects of these LPs has a significant impact on the polymer chain initiation, propagation and termination as well as chain transfer reaction during polymerization. Compared with other polymerization strategies, LPP has shown several unique advantages towards the polymerization of polar vinyl monomers such as high activity, control or livingness, mild conditions, and complete chemo- or regioselectivity. We will comprehensively review the recent advances achieved in the LPP of polar vinyl monomers according to the classification of the employed LPs based on different LAs, by highlighting the key polymerization results, polymerization mechanisms as well as the currently unmet challenges and the future research directions of LPP chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuchao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Jianghua He
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Yuetao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
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16
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Wang Z, Poli R, Detrembleur C, Debuigne A. Organometallic-Mediated Radical (Co)polymerization of γ-Methylene-γ-Butyrolactone: Access to pH-Responsive Poly(vinyl alcohol) Derivatives. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoqun Wang
- Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM), CESAM Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, University of Liege, Allée de la Chimie B6A, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Rinaldo Poli
- CNRS, LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination) and Université de Toulouse, UPS, INPT, 205 route de Narbonne, BP 44099, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, 1, rue Descartes, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Christophe Detrembleur
- Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM), CESAM Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, University of Liege, Allée de la Chimie B6A, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Antoine Debuigne
- Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM), CESAM Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, University of Liege, Allée de la Chimie B6A, 4000 Liège, Belgium
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17
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Stadler BM, Wulf C, Werner T, Tin S, de Vries JG. Catalytic Approaches to Monomers for Polymers Based on Renewables. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b01665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard M. Stadler
- Leibniz Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Christoph Wulf
- Leibniz Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Thomas Werner
- Leibniz Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Sergey Tin
- Leibniz Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Johannes G. de Vries
- Leibniz Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
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18
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19
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Zhao W, Wang Q, He J, Zhang Y. Chemoselective and living/controlled polymerization of polar divinyl monomers by N-heterocyclic olefin based classical and frustrated Lewis pairs. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py00626e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Chemoselective and living/controlled polymerization of polar divinyl monomers by N-heterocyclic olefin based classical and frustrated Lewis pairs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuchao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun
- China
| | - Qianyi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun
- China
| | - Jianghua He
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun
- China
| | - Yuetao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun
- China
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20
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Wang H, Wang Q, He J, Zhang Y. Living polymerization of acrylamides catalysed by N-heterocyclic olefin-based Lewis pairs. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py00427k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Living/controlled polymerization of acrylamides achieved by a Lewis pair composed of an N-heterocyclic olefin as a Lewis base and triphenylaluminum as a Lewis acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaiyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun
- China
| | - Qianyi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun
- China
| | - Jianghua He
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun
- China
| | - Yuetao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun
- China
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21
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Hong M, Chen J, Chen EYX. Polymerization of Polar Monomers Mediated by Main-Group Lewis Acid-Base Pairs. Chem Rev 2018; 118:10551-10616. [PMID: 30350583 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The development of new or more sustainable, active, efficient, controlled, and selective polymerization reactions or processes continues to be crucial for the synthesis of important polymers or materials with specific structures or functions. In this context, the newly emerged polymerization technique enabled by main-group Lewis pairs (LPs), termed as Lewis pair polymerization (LPP), exploits the synergy and cooperativity between the Lewis acid (LA) and Lewis base (LB) sites of LPs, which can be employed as frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs), interacting LPs (ILPs), or classical Lewis adducts (CLAs), to effect cooperative monomer activation as well as chain initiation, propagation, termination, and transfer events. Through balancing the Lewis acidity, Lewis basicity, and steric effects of LPs, LPP has shown several unique advantages or intriguing opportunities compared to other polymerization techniques and demonstrated its broad polar monomer scope, high activity, control or livingness, and complete chemo- or regioselectivity, as well as its unique application in materials chemistry. These advances made in LPP are comprehensively reviewed, with the scope of monomers focusing on heteroatom-containing polar monomers, while the polymerizations mediated by main-group LAs and LBs separately that are most relevant to the LPP are also highlighted or updated. Examples of applying the principles of the LPP and LP chemistry as a new platform for advancing materials chemistry are highlighted, and currently unmet challenges in the field of the LPP, and thus the suggested corresponding future research directions, are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry , Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 200032 , China
| | - Jiawei Chen
- Department of Chemistry , Columbia University , 3000 Broadway , New York , New York 10027 , United States
| | - Eugene Y-X Chen
- Department of Chemistry , Colorado State University , Fort Collins , Colorado 80523 , United States
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22
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Han Y, Zhang S, He J, Zhang Y. Switchable C–H Silylation of Indoles Catalyzed by a Thermally Induced Frustrated Lewis Pair. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b01847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuxi Han
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, China
| | - Sutao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, China
| | - Jianghua He
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, China
| | - Yuetao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, China
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