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Hu J, Gao Y, Teng J, Li L, Zhang T, Zheng S. Recycling of Polydicyclopentadiene Enabled with N-Coordinated Boronic Ester Bonds. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024:e2400169. [PMID: 38722044 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202400169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
In this contribution, the transformation of polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) from thermoset into vitrimer is introduced. First, two N-coordinated diboronic diols are successfully synthesized via the reaction of N,N,N-tri(2-hydroxyethyl)amine and/or N,N,N",N"-tetrakis(2-hydroxyethyl)ethylene diamine with 4-(hydroxymethyl) phenylboronic acid and then they are transformed into two N-coordinated cyclic boronic diacrylates. The latter two dienes carrying electron-withdrawing substituents are used for the ring opening insertion metathesis copolymerization (ROIMP) of dicyclopentadiene to afford the crosslinked PDCPD. In the crosslinked PDCPD networks, N-coordinated cyclic boronic ester bonds are integrated. It is found that the as-obtained PDCPD networks displayed the excellent reprocessing properties. In the meantime, the fracture toughness is significantly improved. Owing to the inclusion of N-coordinated cyclic boronic ester bonds, the modified PDCPDs have the thermal stability much superior to plain PDCPD. The results reported in this work demonstrate that PDCPD can successfully be transformed into the vitrimers via the introduction of N-coordinated cyclic boronic ester bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Hu
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering and the State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering and the State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Jianglu Teng
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering and the State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering and the State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering and the State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Sixun Zheng
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering and the State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
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2
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Godwin B, Anvari MH, Olfatbakhsh T, Mahbod M, Milani AS, DiLabio GA, Wulff JE. A Single-Atom Upgrade to Polydicyclopentadiene. Macromolecules 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c02260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Godwin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3V6, Canada
| | - Monir H. Anvari
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, British Columbia V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Tina Olfatbakhsh
- Materials and Manufacturing Research Institute (MMRI), University of British Columbia, Kelowna, British Columbia V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Mahshid Mahbod
- Materials and Manufacturing Research Institute (MMRI), University of British Columbia, Kelowna, British Columbia V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Abbas S. Milani
- Materials and Manufacturing Research Institute (MMRI), University of British Columbia, Kelowna, British Columbia V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Gino A. DiLabio
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, British Columbia V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Jeremy E. Wulff
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3V6, Canada
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Related Technology (CAMTEC), University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 2Y2, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
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3
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Yang L, Zhang S, Zeng G. Mechanistic Insight into the 1,3,2-Diazaphospholene-Catalyzed Reductant (HBpin/NH 3BH 3)-Controlled Reaction of Allyl 2-Phenylacrylate: Claisen Rearrangement or Hydrogenation? J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:8658-8667. [PMID: 34582211 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c06828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Mechanistic study on the 1,3,2-diazaphospholene (1)-catalyzed reduction reaction of allyl 2-phenylacrylate 4 with HBpin or ammonia borane (AB) was systematically performed by the density functional theory (DFT) method. When HBpin is employed as the reductant, the reductive Ireland-Claisen (IC) rearrangement reaction occurs. First, the active species P-hydrido-1,3,2-diazaphospholene 3 is generated through the metathesis reaction of 1 with HBpin. Next, the terminal C═C double bond of 4 is inserted into the P-H bond of 3 to produce 6a through the 1,2-addition (Markovnikov) step, which is followed by the pinB-H bond activation to afford key boron enolate 8. Then, 8 undergoes the [3,3] rearrangement that is followed by the alcoholysis reaction with methanol leading to the final product γ,δ-unsaturated carboxylic acid. The [3,3] rearrangement step is the rate-determining step with the Gibbs energy barrier (ΔG≠) and Gibbs reaction energy (ΔG) of 23.9 and -27.5 kcal/mol, respectively. When AB is employed as the reductant, the transfer hydrogenation reaction occurs through two comparable pathways, 1,2- and 1,4-transfer hydrogenation pathways. The former pathway directly leads to the hydrogenation product with the ΔG≠ and ΔG values of 22.4 and -27.7 kcal/mol, respectively. The latter pathway produces an enolate intermediate (rate-determining step, ΔG≠/ΔG = 24.1/-0.3 kcal/mol) first, which then prefers to undergo the enol-keto tautomerism instead of the [3,3] rearrangement to afford the hydrogenation product. Obviously, the generation of the boron enolate plays a crucial role in the reductive IC rearrangement reaction because it prevents the enol-keto tautomerism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Yang
- Kuang Yaming Honors School, Institute for Brain Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shuoqi Zhang
- Kuang Yaming Honors School, Institute for Brain Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Guixiang Zeng
- Kuang Yaming Honors School, Institute for Brain Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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4
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Vollgraff T, Sundermeyer J. Highly Selective Ortho-Directed Dicarboxylation of Cyclopentadiene by Methylcarbonates and CO 2 or COS - First Insight into Co-ordination Chemistry of New Ambident Ligands. Chemistry 2021; 27:8517-8527. [PMID: 33851453 PMCID: PMC8252773 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This research presents the highly regioselective syntheses of 1,2-dicarboxylated cyclopentadienide salts [Cat]2 [C5 H3 (CO2 )2 H] by reaction of a variety of organic cation methylcarbonate salts [Cat]OCO2 Me (Cat=NR4 + , PR4 + , Im+ ) with cyclopentadiene (CpH) or by simply reacting organic cation cyclopentadienides Cat[Cp] (Cat=NR4 + , PR4 + , Im+ ) with CO2 . One characteristic feature of these dianionic ligands is the acidic proton delocalized in an intramolecular hydrogen bridge (IHB) between the two carboxyl groups, as studied by 1 H NMR spectroscopy and XRD analyses. The reaction cannot be stopped after the first carboxylation. Therefore, we propose a Kolbe-Schmitt phenol-carboxylation related mechanism where the acidic proton of the monocarboxylic acid intermediate plays an ortho-directing and CO2 activating role for the second kinetically accelerated CO2 addition step exclusively in ortho position. The same and related thiocarboxylates [Cat]2 [C5 H3 (COS)2 H] are obtained by reaction of COS with Cat[Cp] (Cat=NR4 + , PR4 + , Im+ ). A preliminary study on [Cat]2 [C5 H3 (CO2 )2 H] reveals, that its soft and hard coordination sites can selectively be addressed by soft Lewis acids (Mo0 , Ru2+ ) and hard Lewis acids (Al3+ , La3+ ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Vollgraff
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften (WZMW)Philipps-Universität MarburgHans-Meerwein-Straße 435043MarburgGermany
| | - Jörg Sundermeyer
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften (WZMW)Philipps-Universität MarburgHans-Meerwein-Straße 435043MarburgGermany
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Yang X, Murphy LM, Haque FM, Grayson SM, Boydston AJ. A highly efficient metal-free protocol for the synthesis of linear polydicyclopentadiene. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00191d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We have developed a highly efficient synthesis of linear polydicyclopentadiene (pDCPD) via photoredox mediated metal-free ring-opening metathesis polymerization (MF-ROMP) and investigated the Tg–Mn dependence of linear pDCPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejin Yang
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Wisconsin-Madison
- Madison
- USA
| | - Laura M. Murphy
- Division of Sciences and Mathematics
- School of Integrated Arts and Sciences
- University of Washington Tacoma
- Tacoma
- USA
| | - Farihah M. Haque
- Department of Chemistry
- Tulane University
- New Orleans
- USA
- Department of Chemistry
| | | | - Andrew J. Boydston
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Wisconsin-Madison
- Madison
- USA
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
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Abstract
Diazaphospholenes have recently emerged as main-group hydride transfer catalysts. This review will briefly summarize the common structural variants of diazaphospholenes, and the properties that make them superb hydride transfer catalysts, followed by a critical examination of the various preparative routes toward diazaphospholenes. Finally, an in-depth examination of the reactivity of diazaphospholenes in contemporary catalysis, including asymmetric catalysis will be undertaken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander W H Speed
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, CanadaB3H 4R2.
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7
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Ivanoff DG, Sung J, Butikofer SM, Moore JS, Sottos NR. Cross-Linking Agents for Enhanced Performance of Thermosets Prepared via Frontal Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Miyasako N, Matsuoka SI, Suzuki M. Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization of endo- and exo-Norbornene Lactones. Macromol Rapid Commun 2020; 42:e2000326. [PMID: 32812300 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202000326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
New ester-functionalized bicyclic aliphatic polymers are synthesized through the ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) of endo- and exo-norbornene lactones (endo-NBL and exo-NBL) and their oxa-norbornene analogue (exo-oxa-NBL) followed by hydrogenation. The polymerizability between endo- and exo-NBLs, and the thermal properties between the six types of polymers before and after hydrogenation are compared and discussed. The ROMP of all three monomers proceeded in a living fashion under optimized conditions, which is confirmed by chain extension experiments. Endo-NBL shows a much lower homo- and copolymerizability than exo-NBL probably owing to six-membered chelation to the Ru center and steric hindrance in the ruthenacyclobutane intermediate. Stereo-block and stereo-gradient copolymers of poly(endo-NBL) and poly(exo-NBL) are also synthesized. The hydrogenation catalyzed by RuHCl(CO)(PPh3 )3 in the mixed solvents of o-xylene and N,N-dimethyl acetamide (DMAc) results in more than 95% conversion. The obtained hydrogenated polymers, H-poly(endo-NBL) and H-poly(exo-NBL), are amorphous, soluble in chlorinated aliphatic solvents, and thermally stable until 400 °C without a weight loss. Their glass transition temperatures are 163 and 131 °C, respectively; the values are appropriate in terms of both thermal stability and processing deformation for the application of transparent resin materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narumi Miyasako
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8555, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Matsuoka
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8555, Japan
| | - Masato Suzuki
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8555, Japan
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9
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Lepage ML, Simhadri C, Liu C, Takaffoli M, Bi L, Crawford B, Milani AS, Wulff JE. A broadly applicable cross-linker for aliphatic polymers containing C-H bonds. Science 2020; 366:875-878. [PMID: 31727835 DOI: 10.1126/science.aay6230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Addition of molecular cross-links to polymers increases mechanical strength and improves corrosion resistance. However, it remains challenging to install cross-links in low-functionality macromolecules in a well-controlled manner. Typically, high-energy processes are required to generate highly reactive radicals in situ, allowing only limited control over the degree and type of cross-link. We rationally designed a bis-diazirine molecule whose decomposition into carbenes under mild and controllable conditions enables the cross-linking of essentially any organic polymer through double C-H activation. The utility of this molecule as a cross-linker was demonstrated for several diverse polymer substrates (including polypropylene, a low-functionality polymer of long-standing challenge to the field) and in applications including adhesion of low-surface-energy materials and the strengthening of polyethylene fabric.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu L Lepage
- Department ofChemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W-3V6, Canada
| | | | - Chang Liu
- Department ofChemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W-3V6, Canada
| | - Mahdi Takaffoli
- Materials and Manufacturing Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC V1V-1V7, Canada
| | - Liting Bi
- Department ofChemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W-3V6, Canada
| | - Bryn Crawford
- Materials and Manufacturing Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC V1V-1V7, Canada
| | - Abbas S Milani
- Materials and Manufacturing Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC V1V-1V7, Canada
| | - Jeremy E Wulff
- Department ofChemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W-3V6, Canada.
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10
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He Z, Chen L, Zhang L, Ren H, Xu M, Lou Y. Effect of filler functional groups on the mechanical properties and relevant mechanisms of polydicyclopentadiene nanocomposites. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.49010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi‐Long He
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Specialty Polymers, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemical EngineeringNingbo University Ningbo China
| | - Li‐Na Chen
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Specialty Polymers, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemical EngineeringNingbo University Ningbo China
| | - Li Zhang
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Specialty Polymers, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemical EngineeringNingbo University Ningbo China
| | - Hui‐Yan Ren
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Specialty Polymers, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemical EngineeringNingbo University Ningbo China
| | - Meng‐Di Xu
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Specialty Polymers, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemical EngineeringNingbo University Ningbo China
| | - Ye‐Wei Lou
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Specialty Polymers, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemical EngineeringNingbo University Ningbo China
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11
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Phatake RS, Masarwa A, Lemcoff NG, Reany O. Tuning thermal properties of cross-linked DCPD polymers by functionalization, initiator type and curing methods. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py01178a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
ROMP derived poly-dicyclopentadiene (poly-DCPD) is a relatively new engineering material with high impact resistance, high chemical corrosion resistance and high deflection temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravindra S. Phatake
- Department of Chemistry
- Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
- Beer-Sheva 84105
- Israel
| | - Alexandra Masarwa
- Department of Chemistry
- Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
- Beer-Sheva 84105
- Israel
| | - N. Gabriel Lemcoff
- Department of Chemistry
- Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
- Beer-Sheva 84105
- Israel
- Ilse Katz Institute for Nanotechnology Science
| | - Ofer Reany
- Department of Natural Sciences
- The Open University of Israel
- Ra'anana 4353701
- Israel
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12
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Herndon JW. The chemistry of the carbon-transition metal double and triple bond: Annual survey covering the year 2018. Coord Chem Rev 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2019.213051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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13
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Manipulating the thermal and dynamic mechanical properties of polydicyclopentadiene via tuning the stiffness of the incorporated monomers. E-POLYMERS 2019. [DOI: 10.1515/epoly-2019-0037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe application of polydicyclopentadiene (polyDCPD) as a high-performance thermosetting resin is often hindered by the simplicity and limitation of the polymer structure, making it unlikely to improve their thermal and dynamic mechanical properties by further optimizing the polymerization conditions. In this study, we developed a copolymer system which consisted of dicyclo-pentadienes and various designed monomers as excellent curing agents. The incorporated monomers bearing different stiffness and rigidity contain two active functional groups at the end of the structures and are capable of reinforcing original polyDCPD. The incorporated monomers notably enhanced the thermal and dynamic mechanical properties of polyDCPD. Besides that, the relationship between the stiffness of the monomer and the thermal and dynamic mechanical properties of polyDCPD was evaluated in detailed. Because of the simplicity and adjustability of copolymerization approach, optimal conditions of the copolymers with best property-reinforcing capability were systemically identified. The optimal materials displayed desired thermal and dynamic mechanical property and markedly outperformed the original polyDCPD.
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