1
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Timilsina A, Lokesh S, Shahriar A, Numan T, Schramm T, Stincone P, Nyarko LK, Dewey C, Boiteau R, Petras D, Yang Y. Identifying Quinones in Complex Aqueous Environmental Media (Biochar Extracts) through Tagging with Cysteine and Cysteine-Contained Peptides and High Resolution Mass Spectrometry Analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:16432-16443. [PMID: 39226134 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c04049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
Quinones are among the most important components in natural organic matter (NOM) for redox reactions; however, no quinones in complex environmental media have been identified. To aid the identification of quinone-containing molecules in ultracomplex environmental samples, we developed a chemical tagging method that makes use of a Michael addition reaction between quinones and thiols (-SH) in cysteine (Cys) and cysteine-contained peptides (CCP). After the tagging, candidates of quinones in representative aqueous environmental samples (water extractions of biochar) were identified through high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) analysis. The MS and UV spectra analysis showed rapid reactions between Cys/CCP and model quinones with β-carbon from the same benzene ring available for Michael addition. The tagging efficiency was not influenced by other co-occurring nonquinone representative compounds, including caffeic acid, cinnamic acid, and coumaric acid. Cys and CCP were used to tag quinones in water extractions of biochars, and possible candidates of quinones (20 and 53 based on tagging with Cys and CCP, respectively) were identified based on the HRMS features for products of reactions with Cys/CCP. This study has successfully demonstrated that such a Michael addition reaction can be used to tag quinones in complex environmental media and potentially determine their identities. The method will enable an in-depth understanding of the redox chemistry of NOM and its critical chemical compositions and structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Timilsina
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, 1644 N. Virgina Street, Reno, Nevada 89523, United States
| | - Srinidhi Lokesh
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, 1644 N. Virgina Street, Reno, Nevada 89523, United States
| | - Abrar Shahriar
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, 1644 N. Virgina Street, Reno, Nevada 89523, United States
| | - Travis Numan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, 1644 N. Virgina Street, Reno, Nevada 89523, United States
| | - Tilman Schramm
- CMFI Cluster of Excellence, University of Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 24, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California Riverside, 169 Aberdeen Dr, Riverside, California 92507, United States
| | - Paolo Stincone
- CMFI Cluster of Excellence, University of Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 24, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Laurinda Korang Nyarko
- School of Chemical, Biological, and Environmental Engineering, Oregon State University, 1500 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Christian Dewey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street Se, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Rene Boiteau
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street Se, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Daniel Petras
- CMFI Cluster of Excellence, University of Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 24, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California Riverside, 169 Aberdeen Dr, Riverside, California 92507, United States
| | - Yu Yang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, 1644 N. Virgina Street, Reno, Nevada 89523, United States
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2
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Jiang S, Huang H. Mechanism-Guided Design of Chain-Growth Click Polymerization Based on a Thiol-Michael Reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202217895. [PMID: 36734515 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202217895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The development of chain-growth click polymerization is challenging yet desirable in modern polymer chemistry. In this work, we reported a novel chain-growth click polymerization based on the thiol-Michael reaction. This polymerization could be performed efficiently under ambient conditions and spatiotemporally regulated by ultraviolet light, allowing the synthesis of sulfur-containing polymers in excellent yields and high molecular weights. Density functional theory calculations indicated that the thiolate addition to the Michael acceptor is the rate-determining step, and introducing the phenyl group could facilitate the chain-growth process. This polymerization is a new type of chain-growth click polymerization, which will provide a unique approach to creating functional polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suqiu Jiang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Hanchu Huang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
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3
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Bantchev GB, Doll KM. Comparative Amine‐Catalyzed Thia‐Michael Reactions of Primary and Secondary Thiols with Maleic and Itaconic Anhydrides and Esters. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202204138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Grigor B. Bantchev
- United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research Bio-Oils Research Unit 1815 N. University Street Peoria IL-61604 USA
| | - Kenneth M. Doll
- United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research Bio-Oils Research Unit 1815 N. University Street Peoria IL-61604 USA
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4
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Thiol-divinylbenzene: a thiol-ene system with high storage stability. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2022.114417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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5
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Lu H, Huang P, Wu T, Chen C, Shi J, Xu M, Qiu L, Ding Y, Zhu J. PDLC with controllable microstructure using wavelength-selective two-stage polymerization. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.124641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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6
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Abbas F, Kumar S, Pal SK, Panda D. Carbon nanodot doped in polymer film: Plasmophore enhancement, catalytic amination and white-light generation. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.118001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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7
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Exploring the advantages of oxygen-tolerant thiol-ene polymerization over conventional acrylate free radical photopolymerization processes for pressure-sensitive adhesives. Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1038/s41428-021-00520-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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8
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Wenzel F, Hamzehlou S, Gonzalez de San Roman E, Aguirre M, Leiza JR. Modeling the Kinetics and Microstructure of a Thermally Initiated Thiol‐Ene Polymerization. MACROMOL REACT ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/mren.202100034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Wenzel
- POLYMAT and Kimika Aplikatua Saila Kimika Fakultatea University of the Basque Country UPV‐EHU Joxe Mari Korta Zentroa Tolosa Hiribidea 72 Donostia‐San Sebastian 20018 Spain
| | - Shaghayegh Hamzehlou
- POLYMAT and Kimika Aplikatua Saila Kimika Fakultatea University of the Basque Country UPV‐EHU Joxe Mari Korta Zentroa Tolosa Hiribidea 72 Donostia‐San Sebastian 20018 Spain
| | - Estibaliz Gonzalez de San Roman
- POLYMAT and Kimika Aplikatua Saila Kimika Fakultatea University of the Basque Country UPV‐EHU Joxe Mari Korta Zentroa Tolosa Hiribidea 72 Donostia‐San Sebastian 20018 Spain
| | - Miren Aguirre
- POLYMAT and Kimika Aplikatua Saila Kimika Fakultatea University of the Basque Country UPV‐EHU Joxe Mari Korta Zentroa Tolosa Hiribidea 72 Donostia‐San Sebastian 20018 Spain
| | - Jose R. Leiza
- POLYMAT and Kimika Aplikatua Saila Kimika Fakultatea University of the Basque Country UPV‐EHU Joxe Mari Korta Zentroa Tolosa Hiribidea 72 Donostia‐San Sebastian 20018 Spain
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9
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Recyclable Ir Nanoparticles for the Catalytic Hydrogenation of Biomass-Derived Carbonyl Compounds. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11080914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The valorisation of biomass-derived platform chemicals via catalytic hydrogenation is an eco-friendly tool which allows us to recover bio-based building blocks and produce fine chemicals with high industrial appeal. In the present study, a novel surfactant-type triazolyl-thioether ligand was prepared, showing excellent catalytic activity in the presence of bis(1,5-cyclooctadiene)diiridium(I) dichloride [Ir(COD)Cl]2 for the hydrogenation of furfural, cinnamaldehyde, levulinic acid, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, vanillin, and citral. Easy recovery by liquid/liquid extraction allowed us to recover the catalyst, which could then be efficiently recycled up to 11 times for the hydrogenation of furfural. In-depth analysis revealed the formation of spherical structures with metal nanoparticles as big as 2–6 nm surrounded by the anionic ligand, preventing iridium nanoparticle degradation.
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10
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Lin JT, Lalevee J, Cheng DC. A Critical Review for Synergic Kinetics and Strategies for Enhanced Photopolymerizations for 3D-Printing and Additive Manufacturing. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:2325. [PMID: 34301082 PMCID: PMC8309579 DOI: 10.3390/polym13142325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The synergic features and enhancing strategies for various photopolymerization systems are reviewed by kinetic schemes and the associated measurements. The important topics include (i) photo crosslinking of corneas for the treatment of corneal diseases using UVA-light (365 nm) light and riboflavin as the photosensitizer; (ii) synergic effects by a dual-function enhancer in a three-initiator system; (iii) synergic effects by a three-initiator C/B/A system, with electron-transfer and oxygen-mediated energy-transfer pathways; (iv) copper-complex (G1) photoredox catalyst in G1/Iod/NVK systems for free radical (FRP) and cationic photopolymerization (CP); (v) radical-mediated thiol-ene (TE) photopolymerizations; (vi) superbase photogenerator based-catalyzed thiol-acrylate Michael (TM) addition reaction; and the combined system of TE and TM using dual wavelength; (vii) dual-wavelength (UV and blue) controlled photopolymerization confinement (PC); (viii) dual-wavelength (UV and red) selectively controlled 3D printing; and (ix) three-wavelength selectively controlled in 3D printing and additive manufacturing (AM). With minimum mathematics, we present (for the first time) the synergic features and enhancing strategies for various systems of multi-components, initiators, monomers, and under one-, two-, and three-wavelength light. Therefore, this review provides not only the bridging between modeling and measurements, but also guidance for further experimental studies and new applications in 3D printings and additive manufacturing (AM), based on the innovative concepts (kinetics/schemes).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jui-Teng Lin
- New Vision Inc., 10F, No. 55, Sect.3, Xinbei Blvd, Xinzhuang, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan
| | - Jacques Lalevee
- CNRS, IS2M UMR 7361, Université de Haute-Alsace, F-68100 Mulhouse, France;
| | - Da-Chun Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Science, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
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11
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Huang S, Kim K, Musgrave GM, Sharp M, Sinha J, Stansbury JW, Musgrave CB, Bowman CN. Determining Michael Acceptor Reactivity from Kinetic, Mechanistic, and Computational Analysis for the Base-catalyzed Thiol-Michael Reaction. Polym Chem 2021; 12:3619-3628. [PMID: 34484433 PMCID: PMC8409055 DOI: 10.1039/d1py00363a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A combined experimental and computational study of the reactivities of seven commonly used Michael acceptors paired with two thiols within the framework of photobase-catalyzed thiol-Michael reactions is reported. The rate coefficients of the propagation (kP), reverse propagation (k-P), chain-transfer (kCT), and overall reaction (koverall) were experimentally determined and compared with the well-accepted electrophilicity parameters of Mayr and Parr, and DFT-calculated energetics. Both Mayr's and Parr's electrophilicity parameters predict the reactivities of these structurally varying vinyl functional groups well, covering a range of overall reaction rate coefficients from 0.5 to 6.2 s-1. To gain insight into the individual steps, the relative energies have been calculated using DFT for each of the stationary points along this step-growth reaction between ethanethiol and the seven alkenes. The free energies of the individual steps reveal the underlying factors that control the reaction barriers for propagation and chain transfer. Both the propagation and chain transfer steps are under kinetic control. These results serve as a useful guide for Michael acceptor selection to design and predict thiol-Michael-based materials with appropriate kinetic and material properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijia Huang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, 596 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309-0596, United States
| | - Kangmin Kim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, 596 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309-0596, United States
| | - Grant M Musgrave
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, 596 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309-0596, United States
| | - Marcus Sharp
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, 596 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309-0596, United States
| | - Jasmine Sinha
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, 596 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309-0596, United States
| | - Jeffrey W Stansbury
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, 596 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309-0596, United States
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- School of Dental Medicine, Craniofacial Biology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
| | - Charles B Musgrave
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, 596 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309-0596, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, 596 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309-0596, United States
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Christopher N Bowman
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, 596 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309-0596, United States
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
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12
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Gungor B, Daglar O, Gunay US, Hizal G, Tunca U, Durmaz H. One‐Step Modification of Diacid‐Functional Polythioethers via Simultaneous Passerini and Esterification Reactions. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202100038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Begum Gungor
- Department of Chemistry Istanbul Technical University Maslak Istanbul 34469 Turkey
| | - Ozgun Daglar
- Department of Chemistry Istanbul Technical University Maslak Istanbul 34469 Turkey
| | - Ufuk Saim Gunay
- Department of Chemistry Istanbul Technical University Maslak Istanbul 34469 Turkey
| | - Gurkan Hizal
- Department of Chemistry Istanbul Technical University Maslak Istanbul 34469 Turkey
| | - Umit Tunca
- Department of Chemistry Istanbul Technical University Maslak Istanbul 34469 Turkey
| | - Hakan Durmaz
- Department of Chemistry Istanbul Technical University Maslak Istanbul 34469 Turkey
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13
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Long KF, Wang H, Dimos TT, Bowman CN. Effects of Thiol Substitution on the Kinetics and Efficiency of Thiol-Michael Reactions and Polymerizations. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katelyn F. Long
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Howard Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Trace T. Dimos
- Department of Integrated Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Christopher N. Bowman
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
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14
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Hafeez S, Nebhani L. TEMPO driven thiol–ene reaction for the preparation of polymer functionalized silicon wafers. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj00561h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
TEMPO driven thiol–ene reaction was utilized to prepare silicon (Si) wafers modified with a variety of polymer brushes, such as poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide), polystyrene, poly(isobornyl acrylate), poly(acrylic acid), and functionalized cysteine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumbul Hafeez
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Indian Institute of Technology Delhi
- Hauz Khas
- India
| | - Leena Nebhani
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Indian Institute of Technology Delhi
- Hauz Khas
- India
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15
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Drogkaris V, Northrop BH. Byproducts formed During Thiol-Acrylate Reactions Promoted by Nucleophilic Aprotic Amines: Persistent or Reactive? Chempluschem 2020; 85:2466-2474. [PMID: 33201598 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202000590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The nucleophile-initiated mechanism of thiol-Michael reactions naturally leads to the formation of undesired nucleophile byproducts. Three aza-Michael compounds representing nucleophile byproducts of thiol-acrylate reactions initiated by 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP), 1-methylimidazole (MIM), and 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU) have been synthesized and their reactivity in the presence of thiolate has been investigated. Spectroscopic analysis shows that each nucleophile byproduct reacts with thiolate to produce a desired thiol-acrylate product along with liberated aprotic amines DMAP, MIM, or DBU, thus demonstrating that these byproducts are reactive rather than persistent. Density functional theoretical computations support experimental observations and predict that a β-elimination mechanism is favored for converting each nucleophile byproduct into a desired thiol-acrylate product, though an SN 2 process can be competitive (i. e. within <2.5 kcal/mol) in less polar solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasileios Drogkaris
- Department of Chemistry, Wesleyan University, 52 Lawn Avenue, Middletown, CT, 06459, USA
| | - Brian H Northrop
- Department of Chemistry, Wesleyan University, 52 Lawn Avenue, Middletown, CT, 06459, USA
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16
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Jiang K, Wang J, Zuo C, Li S, Li S, He D, Peng H, Xie X, Poli R, Xue Z. Facile Fabrication of Polymer Electrolytes via Lithium Salt-Accelerated Thiol-Michael Addition for Lithium-Ion Batteries. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ke Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Material Chemistry of Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Jirong Wang
- Key Laboratory for Material Chemistry of Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Cai Zuo
- Key Laboratory for Material Chemistry of Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Shaoqiao Li
- Key Laboratory for Material Chemistry of Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Sibo Li
- Key Laboratory for Material Chemistry of Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Dan He
- Key Laboratory for Material Chemistry of Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Haiyan Peng
- Key Laboratory for Material Chemistry of Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Xiaolin Xie
- Key Laboratory for Material Chemistry of Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Rinaldo Poli
- LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination) CNRS, UPS, INPT, Université de Toulouse, 205 Route de Narbonne, BP 44099, F-31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Zhigang Xue
- Key Laboratory for Material Chemistry of Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
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17
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Brown JS, Ruttinger AW, Vaidya AJ, Alabi CA, Clancy P. Decomplexation as a rate limitation in the thiol-Michael addition of N-acrylamides. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:6364-6377. [PMID: 32760955 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob00726a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The thiol-Michael addition is a popular, selective, high-yield "click" reaction utilized for applications ranging from small-molecule synthesis to polymer or surface modification. Here, we combined experimental and quantum mechanical modeling approaches using density functional theory (DFT) to examine the thiol-Michael reaction of N-allyl-N-acrylamide monomers used to prepare sequence-defined oligothioetheramides (oligoTEAs). Experimentally, the reaction was evaluated with two fluorous tagged thiols and several monomers at room temperature (22 °C and 40 °C). Using the Eyring equation, the activation energies (enthalpies) were calculated, observing a wide range of energy barriers ranging from 28 kJ mol-1 to 108 kJ mol-1 within the same alkene class. Computationally, DFT coupled with the Nudged Elastic Band method was used to calculate the entire reaction coordinate of each monomer reaction using the B97-D3 functional and a hybrid implicit-explicit methanol solvation approach. The thiol-Michael reaction is traditionally rate-limited by the propagation or chain-transfer steps. However, our test case with N-acrylamides and fluorous thiols revealed experimental and computational data produced satisfactory agreement only when we considered a previously unconsidered step that we termed "product decomplexation", which occurs as the product physically dissociates from other co-reactants after chain transfer. Five monomers were investigated to support this finding, capturing a range of functional groups varying in alkyl chain length (methyl to hexyl) and aromaticity (benzyl and ethylenephenyl). Increased substrate alkyl chain length increased activation energy, explained by the inductive effect. Aromatic ring-stacking configurations significantly impacted the activation energy and contributed to improved molecular packing density. Hydrogen-bonding between reactants increased the activation energy emphasizing the rate-limitation of the product decomplexation. Our findings begin to describe a new structure-kinetic relationship for thiol-Michael acceptors to enable further design of reactive monomers for synthetic polymers and biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph S Brown
- Robert F. Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| | - Andrew W Ruttinger
- Robert F. Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| | - Akash J Vaidya
- Robert F. Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| | - Christopher A Alabi
- Robert F. Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| | - Paulette Clancy
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.
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18
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Nicolas J, Magli S, Rabbachin L, Sampaolesi S, Nicotra F, Russo L. 3D Extracellular Matrix Mimics: Fundamental Concepts and Role of Materials Chemistry to Influence Stem Cell Fate. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:1968-1994. [PMID: 32227919 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c00045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 272] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic 3D extracellular matrices (ECMs) find application in cell studies, regenerative medicine, and drug discovery. While cells cultured in a monolayer may exhibit unnatural behavior and develop very different phenotypes and genotypes than in vivo, great efforts in materials chemistry have been devoted to reproducing in vitro behavior in in vivo cell microenvironments. This requires fine-tuning the biochemical and structural actors in synthetic ECMs. This review will present the fundamentals of the ECM, cover the chemical and structural features of the scaffolds used to generate ECM mimics, discuss the nature of the signaling biomolecules required and exploited to generate bioresponsive cell microenvironments able to induce a specific cell fate, and highlight the synthetic strategies involved in creating functional 3D ECM mimics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Nicolas
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut Galien Paris-Saclay, , 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Sofia Magli
- University of Milano-Bicocca, Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Linda Rabbachin
- University of Milano-Bicocca, Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Susanna Sampaolesi
- University of Milano-Bicocca, Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Nicotra
- University of Milano-Bicocca, Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Russo
- University of Milano-Bicocca, Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milan, Italy
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Lin J, Cheng D, Chen K, Chiu Y, Liu H. Enhancing UV Photopolymerization by a Red‐light Preirradiation: Kinetics and Modeling Strategies for Reduced Oxygen Inhibition. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20190201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jui‐Teng Lin
- New Vision, Inc., New Taipei City 242 Taiwan Republic of China
| | - Da‐Chuan Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological ScienceChina Medical University Taichung City 404, Taiwan Republic of China
| | - Kuo‐Ti Chen
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and EngineeringFu Jen Catholic University New Taipei City 242, Taiwan Republic of China
| | - Yin‐Chen Chiu
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and EngineeringFu Jen Catholic University New Taipei City 242, Taiwan Republic of China
| | - Hsia‐Wei Liu
- Department of Life ScienceFu Jen Catholic University New Taipei City 242, Taiwan Republic of China
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20
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Hafeez S, Khatri V, Kashyap HK, Nebhani L. Computational and experimental approach to evaluate the effect of initiator concentration, solvents, and enes on the TEMPO driven thiol–ene reaction. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj02882g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The fundamental mechanism and reaction kinetics of the TEMPO initiated thiol–ene reaction between benzyl mercaptan and variable enes in the presence of varying initiator concentration and varying solvents has been studied experimentally and computationally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumbul Hafeez
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Indian Institute of Technology Delhi
- New Delhi-110016
- India
| | - Vikas Khatri
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Delhi
- New Delhi-110016
- India
| | - Hemant K. Kashyap
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Delhi
- New Delhi-110016
- India
| | - Leena Nebhani
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Indian Institute of Technology Delhi
- New Delhi-110016
- India
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21
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Abstract
Shear-thinning hydrogels that utilize thiol-Michael chain-extension and free radical polymerization have a tunable stretchability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan Karis
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Washington
- Seattle
- USA
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22
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Lin JT, Cheng DC, Chen KT, Liu HW. Dual-Wavelength (UV and Blue) Controlled Photopolymerization Confinement for 3D-Printing: Modeling and Analysis of Measurements. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1819. [PMID: 31698682 PMCID: PMC6918369 DOI: 10.3390/polym11111819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The kinetics and modeling of dual-wavelength (UV and blue) controlled photopolymerization confinement (PC) are presented and measured data are analyzed by analytic formulas and numerical data. The UV-light initiated inhibition effect is strongly monomer-dependent due to different C=C bond rate constants and conversion efficacies. Without the UV-light, for a given blue-light intensity, higher initiator concentration (C10) and rate constant (k') lead to higher conversion, as also predicted by analytic formulas, in which the total conversion rate (RT) is an increasing function of C1 and k'R, which is proportional to k'[gB1C1]0.5. However, the coupling factor B1 plays a different role that higher B1 leads to higher conversion only in the transient regime; whereas higher B1 leads to lower steady-state conversion. For a fixed initiator concentration C10, higher inhibitor concentration (C20) leads to lower conversion due to a stronger inhibition effect. However, same conversion reduction was found for the same H-factor defined by H0 = [b1C10 - b2C20]. Conversion of blue-only are much higher than that of UV-only and UV-blue combined, in which high C20 results a strong reduction of blue-only-conversion, such that the UV-light serves as the turn-off (trigger) mechanism for the purpose of spatial confirmation within the overlap area of UV and blue light. For example, UV-light controlled methacrylate conversion of a glycidyl dimethacrylate resin is formulated with a tertiary amine co-initiator, and butyl nitrite. The system is subject to a continuous exposure of a blue light, but an on-off exposure of a UV-light. Finally, we developed a theoretical new finding for the criterion of a good material/candidate governed by a double ratio of light-intensity and concentration, [I20C20]/[I10C10].
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Da-Chuan Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Science, China Medical University, Taichung City 404, Taiwan;
| | - Kuo-Ti Chen
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Engineering, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan;
| | - Hsia-Wei Liu
- Department of Life Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan
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23
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Thiol-Ene Photopolymerization: Scaling Law and Analytical Formulas for Conversion Based on Kinetic Rate and Thiol-Ene Molar Ratio. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11101640. [PMID: 31658683 PMCID: PMC6835589 DOI: 10.3390/polym11101640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Kinetics and analytical formulas for radical-mediated thiol-ene photopolymerization were developed in this paper. The conversion efficacy of thiol-ene systems was studied for various propagation to chain transfer kinetic rate-ratio (RK), and thiol-ene concentration molar-ratio (RC). Numerical data were analyzed using analytical formulas and compared with the experimental data. We demonstrated that our model for a thiol-acrylate system with homopolymerization effects, and for a thiol-norbornene system with viscosity effects, fit much better with the measured data than a previous model excluding these effects. The general features for the roles of RK and RC on the conversion efficacy of thiol (CT) and ene (CV) are: (i) for RK = 1, CV and CT have the same temporal profiles, but have a reversed dependence on RC; (ii) for RK >> 1, CT are almost independent of RC; (iii) for RK << 1, CV and CT have the same profiles and both are decreasing functions of the homopolymerization effects defined by kCV; (iv) viscosity does not affect the efficacy in the case of RK >> 1, but reduces the efficacy of CV for other values of RK. For a fixed light dose, higher light intensity has a higher transient efficacy but a lower steady-state conversion, resulting from a bimolecular termination. In contrast, in type II unimolecular termination, the conversion is mainly governed by the light dose rather than its intensity. For optically thick polymers, the light intensity increases with time due to photoinitiator depletion, and thus the assumption of constant photoinitiator concentration (as in most previous models) suffers an error of 5% to 20% (underestimated) of the crosslink depth and the efficacy. Scaling law for the overall reaction order, defined by [A]m[B]n and governed by the types of ene and the rate ratio is discussed herein. The dual ratio (RK and RC) for various binary functional groups (thiol-vinyl, thiol-acrylate, and thiol-norbornene) may be tailored to minimize side effects for maximal monomer conversion or tunable degree of crosslinking.
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24
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David AHG, García-Cerezo P, Campaña AG, Santoyo-González F, Blanco V. [2]Rotaxane End-Capping Synthesis by Click Michael-Type Addition to the Vinyl Sulfonyl Group. Chemistry 2019; 25:6170-6179. [PMID: 30762912 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201900156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
We report the application of the click Michael-type addition reaction to vinyl sulfone or vinyl sulfonate groups in the synthesis of rotaxanes through the threading-and-capping method. This methodology has proven to be efficient and versatile as it allowed the preparation of rotaxanes using template approaches based on different noncovalent interactions (i.e., donor-acceptor π-π interactions or hydrogen bonding) in yields of generally 60-80 % and up to 91 % aided by the mild conditions required (room temperature or 0 °C and a mild base such as Et3 N or 4-(N,N-dimethylamino)pyridine (DMAP)). Furthermore, the use of vinyl sulfonate moieties, which are suitable motifs for coupling-and-decoupling (CAD) chemistry, implies another advantage because it allows the controlled chemical disassembly of the rotaxanes into their components through nucleophilic substitution of the sulfonates resulting from the capping step with a thiol under mild conditions (Cs2 CO3 and room temperature).
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur H G David
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Granada, Facultad de Ciencias, Avda. Fuente Nueva, S/N, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Pablo García-Cerezo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Granada, Facultad de Ciencias, Avda. Fuente Nueva, S/N, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Araceli G Campaña
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Granada, Facultad de Ciencias, Avda. Fuente Nueva, S/N, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco Santoyo-González
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Granada, Facultad de Ciencias, Avda. Fuente Nueva, S/N, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Victor Blanco
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Granada, Facultad de Ciencias, Avda. Fuente Nueva, S/N, 18071, Granada, Spain
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25
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Lin JT, Liu HW, Chen KT, Cheng DC. Modeling the Optimal Conditions for Improved Efficacy and Crosslink Depth of Photo-Initiated Polymerization. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E217. [PMID: 30960200 PMCID: PMC6419268 DOI: 10.3390/polym11020217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Optimal conditions for maximum efficacy of photoinitiated polymerization are theoretically presented. Analytic formulas are shown for the crosslink time, crosslink depth, and efficacy function. The roles of photoinitiator (PI) concentration, diffusion depth, and light intensity on the polymerization spatial and temporal profiles are presented for both uniform and non-uniform cases. For the type I mechanism, higher intensity may accelerate the polymer action process, but it suffers a lower steady-state efficacy. This may be overcome by a controlled re-supply of PI concentration during the light exposure. In challenging the conventional Beer⁻Lambert law (BLL), a generalized, time-dependent BLL (a Lin-law) is derived. This study, for the first time, presents analytic formulas for curing depth and crosslink time without the assumption of thin-film or spatial average. Various optimal conditions are developed for maximum efficacy based on a numerically-fit A-factor. Experimental data are analyzed for the role of PI concentration and light intensity on the gelation (crosslink) time and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jui-Teng Lin
- New Vision Inc., 10F, No. 55, Sect.3, Xinbei Blvd, Xinzhuang, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan.
| | - Hsia-Wei Liu
- Department of Life Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, No. 510, Zhongzheng Rd., Xinzhuang, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan.
| | - Kuo-Ti Chen
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Engineering, Fu Jen Catholic University, Xinzhuang, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan.
| | - Da-Chuan Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Science, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
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26
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Sutherland BP, El-Zaatari BM, Halaszynski NI, French JM, Bai S, Kloxin CJ. On-Resin Macrocyclization of Peptides Using Vinyl Sulfonamides as a Thiol-Michael "Click" Acceptor. Bioconjug Chem 2018; 29:3987-3992. [PMID: 30452234 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.8b00751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Macrocyclization of linear peptides imparts improved stability to enzymatic degradation and increases potency of function. Many successful macrocyclization of peptides both in solution and on-resin have been achieved but are limited in scope as they lack selectivity, require long reaction times, or necessitate heat. To overcome these drawbacks a robust and facile strategy was developed employing thiol-Michael click chemistry via an N-methyl vinyl sulfonamide. We demonstrate its balance of reactivity and high stability through FTIR model kinetic studies, reaching 88% conversion over 30 min, and NMR stability studies, revealing no apparent degradation over an 8 day period in basic conditions. Using a commercially available reagent, 2-chloroethane sulfonyl chloride, the cell adhesion peptide, RGDS, was functionalized and macrocyclized on-resin with a relative efficiency of over 95%. The simplistic nature of this process demonstrates the effectiveness of vinyl sulfonamides as a thiol-Michael click acceptor and its applicability to many other bioconjugation applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan P Sutherland
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Delaware , 201 DuPont Hall , Newark , Delaware 19716 , United States
| | - Bassil M El-Zaatari
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , University of Delaware , 150 Academy Street , Newark , Delaware 19716 , United States
| | - Nicole I Halaszynski
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Delaware , 201 DuPont Hall , Newark , Delaware 19716 , United States
| | - Jonathan M French
- Department of Chemistry , Syracuse University , 111 College Place , Syracuse , New York 13210 , United States
| | - Shi Bai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Delaware , Newark , Delaware 19716 , United States
| | - Christopher J Kloxin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Delaware , 201 DuPont Hall , Newark , Delaware 19716 , United States.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , University of Delaware , 150 Academy Street , Newark , Delaware 19716 , United States
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