1
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Kong W, Neuman A, Zhang AC, Lee D, Riggleman RA, Composto RJ. Capillary filling dynamics of polymer melts in a bicontinuous nanoporous scaffold. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:044904. [PMID: 38270239 DOI: 10.1063/5.0184427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Polymer infiltrated nanoporous gold is prepared by infiltrating polymer melts into a bicontinuous, nanoporous gold (NPG) scaffold. Polystyrene (PS) films with molecular weights (Mw) from 424 to 1133 kDa are infiltrated into a NPG scaffold (∼120 nm), with a pore radius (Rp) and pore volume fraction of 37.5 nm and 50%, respectively. The confinement ratios (Γ=RgRp) range from 0.47 to 0.77, suggesting that the polymers inside the pores are moderately confined. The time for PS to achieve 80% infiltration (τ80%) is determined using in situ spectroscopic ellipsometry at 150 °C. The kinetics of infiltration scales weaker with Mw, τ80%∝Mw1.30±0.20, than expected from bulk viscosity Mw3.4. Furthermore, the effective viscosity of the PS melt inside NPG, inferred from the Lucas-Washburn model, is reduced by more than one order of magnitude compared to the bulk. Molecular dynamics simulation results are in good agreement with experiments predicting scaling as Mw1.4. The reduced dependence of Mw and the enhanced kinetics of infiltration are attributed to a reduction in chain entanglement density during infiltration and a reduction in polymer-wall friction with increasing polymer molecular weight. Compared to the traditional approach involving adding discrete particles into the polymer matrix, these studies show that nanocomposites with higher loading can be readily prepared, and that kinetics of infiltration are faster due to polymer confinement inside pores. These films have potential as actuators when filled with stimuli-responsive polymers as well as polymer electrolyte and fuel cell membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Kong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Anastasia Neuman
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Aria C Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Daeyeon Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Robert A Riggleman
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Russell J Composto
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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2
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Schneider L, de Pablo JJ. Entanglements via Slip Springs with Soft, Coarse-Grained Models for Systems Having Explicit Liquid-Vapor Interfaces. Macromolecules 2023; 56:7445-7453. [PMID: 37781215 PMCID: PMC10538480 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.3c00960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in nano-rheology require that new techniques and models be developed to precisely describe the equilibrium and non-equilibrium characteristics of entangled polymeric materials and their interfaces at a molecular level. In this study, a slip-spring (SLSP) model is proposed to capture the dynamics of entangled polymers at interfaces, including those between liquids, liquids and vapors, and liquids and solids. The SLSP model employs a highly coarse-grained approach, which allows for comprehensive simulations of entire nano-rheological characterization systems using a particle-level description. The model relies on many-body dissipative particle dynamics (MDPD) non-bonded interactions, which permit explicit description of liquid-vapor interfaces; a compensating potential is introduced to ensure an unbiased representation of the shape of the liquid-vapor interface within the SLSP model. The usefulness of the proposed MDPD + SLSP approach is illustrated by simulating a capillary breakup rheometer (CaBR) experiment, in which a liquid droplet splits into two segments under the influence of capillary forces. We find that the predictions of the MDPD + SLSP model are consistent with experimental measurements and theoretical predictions. The proposed model is also verified by comparison to the results of explicit molecular dynamics simulations of an entangled polymer melt using a Kremer-Grest chain representation, both at equilibrium and far from equilibrium. Taken together, the model and methods presented in this study provide a reliable framework for molecular-level interpretation of high-polymer dynamics in the presence of interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludwig Schneider
- Pritzker
School of Molecular Engineering, University
of Chicago, 5740 S. Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637-1403, United States
| | - Juan J. de Pablo
- Pritzker
School of Molecular Engineering, University
of Chicago, 5740 S. Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637-1403, United States
- Argonne
National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL 60439, United States
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3
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Li D, Chen Y, Sun L, Zhou J, Dong L, Ren J. The Role of Interchain Force and/or Chain Entanglement in the Melt Strength and Ductility of PLA-Based Materials. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202300577. [PMID: 37466153 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202300577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
As an eco-friendly material, PLA was a desirable alternative to polyethylene and polypropylene films due to its biodegradability. The preferable melt strength of PLA-based materials was a key factor in ensuring its processing using extrusion blow. This paper focuses on the influence of interchain force and/or chain entanglement on the melt strength and ductility of PLA-based materials in recent years. In addition, the preparation of PLA-based materials via physical blending or reactive processing was also summarized. The blending of PLA with a flexible heteropolymer, driven by the interchain force and/or chain entanglements, were characterized as a practicable method for toughening PLA-based materials. Also, the restructuring of PLA chains, by branching based on chain entanglement, was suitable for increasing chain entanglements in PLA matrix, yielding satisfactory melt strength and ductility. This review aims to elucidate the relationship between interchain forces and/or entanglement with the melt strength and ductility of PLA-based materials. An essential and systematic understanding of the tailoring melt strength and rheological properties of PLA by interchain forces and/or entanglement was apt to improve and perfect the processing technology of the extrusion blow, and consequently improve the tensile strength and toughness of PLA films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deling Li
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Xuzhou University of Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221018, China
| | - Ying Chen
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Xuzhou University of Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221018, China
| | - Limei Sun
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Xuzhou University of Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221018, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Xuzhou University of Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221018, China
| | - Liming Dong
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Xuzhou University of Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221018, China
| | - Jizhen Ren
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Xuzhou University of Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221018, China
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4
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Gómez LR, García NA, Pöschel T. Macroscopic analogue to entangled polymers. SOFT MATTER 2023; 19:3538-3542. [PMID: 37114347 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm00148b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The entangled structure of polymeric materials is often described as resembling a bowl of spaghetti, swarms of earthworms, or snakes. These analogies not only illustrate the concept, but form the foundation of polymer physics. However, the similarity between these macroscopic, athermal systems and polymers in terms of topology remains uncertain. To better understand this relationship, we conducted an experiment using X-ray tomography to study the structure of arrays of linear rubber bands. We found that, similar to linear polymers, the average number of entanglements increases linearly with the length of the ribbons. Additionally, we observed that entanglements are less frequent near the surface of the container, where there are also more ends, similar to what has been seen in trapped polymers. These findings provide the first experimental evidence supporting the visualization of polymer structures using macroscopic, athermal analogues, confirming the initial intuitive insights of the pioneers of polymer physics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leopoldo R Gómez
- Institut für Multiscale Simulation, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91052, Erlangen, Germany.
- Department of Physics, Universidad Nacional del Sur - IFISUR - CONICET, Bahía Blanca 8000, Argentina
| | - Nicolás A García
- Department of Physics, Universidad Nacional del Sur - IFISUR - CONICET, Bahía Blanca 8000, Argentina
- Institut Laue-Langevin, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, Grenoble 38042, France
| | - Thorsten Pöschel
- Institut für Multiscale Simulation, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91052, Erlangen, Germany.
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5
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Bay RK, Zhang T, Shimomura S, Ilton M, Tanaka K, Riggleman RA, Crosby AJ. Decoupling the Impact of Entanglements and Mobility on the Failure Properties of Ultrathin Polymer Films. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Ko̅nane Bay
- Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Tianren Zhang
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Department, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Shinichiro Shimomura
- Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Center for Polymer Interface and Molecular Adhesion Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Mark Ilton
- Department of Physics, Harvey Mudd College, Claremont, California 91711, United States
| | - Keiji Tanaka
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Center for Polymer Interface and Molecular Adhesion Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Robert A. Riggleman
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Department, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Alfred J. Crosby
- Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
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6
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Qiang Y, Pande SS, Lee D, Turner KT. The Interplay of Polymer Bridging and Entanglement in Toughening Polymer-Infiltrated Nanoparticle Films. ACS NANO 2022; 16:6372-6381. [PMID: 35380037 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c00471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Polymer-nanoparticle composite films (PNCFs) with high loadings of nanoparticles (NPs) (>50 vol %) have applications in multiple areas, and an understanding of their mechanical properties is essential for their broader use. The high-volume fraction and small size of the NPs lead to physical confinement of the polymers that can drastically change the properties of polymers relative to the bulk. We investigate the fracture behavior of a class of highly loaded PNCFs prepared by polymer infiltration into NP packings. These polymer-infiltrated nanoparticle films (PINFs) have applications as multifunctional coatings and membranes and provide a platform to understand the behavior of polymers that are highly confined. Here, the extent of confinement in PINFs is tuned from 0.1 to 44 and the fracture toughness of PINFs is increased by up to a factor of 12 by varying the molecular weight of the polymers over 3 orders of magnitude and using NPs with diameters ranging from 9 to 100 nm. The results show that brittle, low molecular weight (MW) polymers can significantly toughen NP packings, and this toughening effect becomes less pronounced with increasing NP size. In contrast, high MW polymers capable of forming interchain entanglements are more effective in toughening large NP packings. We propose that confinement has competing effects of polymer bridging increasing toughness and chain disentanglement decreasing toughness. These findings provide insight into the fracture behavior of confined polymers and will guide the development of mechanically robust PINFs as well as other highly loaded PNCFs.
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7
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Gloger D, Mileva D, Albrecht A, Hubner G, Androsch R, Gahleitner M. Long-Chain Branched Polypropylene: Effects of Chain Architecture, Melt Structure, Shear Modification, and Solution Treatment on Melt Relaxation Dynamics. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c02113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - René Androsch
- Interdisciplinary Center for Transfer-oriented Research in Natural Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06009 Halle/Saale, Germany
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8
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Saito M, Ito K, Yokoyama H. Mechanical Properties of Ultrathin Polystyrene- b-Polybutadiene- b-Polystyrene Block Copolymer Films: Film Thickness-Dependent Young’s Modulus. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Saito
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
| | - Kohzo Ito
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
| | - Hideaki Yokoyama
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
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9
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Farzin S, Zamani E, Dishari SK. Unraveling Depth-Specific Ionic Conduction and Stiffness Behavior across Ionomer Thin Films and Bulk Membranes. ACS Macro Lett 2021; 10:791-798. [PMID: 35549194 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.1c00110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Interfacial behavior of submicron thick polymer films critically controls the performance of electrochemical devices. We developed a robust, everyday-accessible, fluorescence confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM)-based strategy that can probe the distribution of mobility, ion conduction, and other properties across ionomer samples. When fluorescent photoacid probe 8-hydroxypyrene-1,3,6-trisulfonic acid trisodium salt (HPTS) was incorporated into <1 μm thick Nafion films on substrates, the depth-profile images showed thickness- and interface-dependent proton conduction behavior. In these films, proton conduction was weak over a region next to substrate interface, then gradually increased until air interface at 88% RH. Conversely, consistently high proton conduction with no interface dependence was observed across 35-50 μm thick bulk, free-standing Nafion membranes. A hump-like mobility/stiffness distribution was observed across Nafion films containing mobility-sensitive probe (9-(2-carboxy-2-cyanovinyl)julolidine) (CCVJ). The proton conduction and mobility distribution were rationalized as a combinatorial effect of interfacial interaction, ionomer chain orientation, chain density, and ionic domain characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seefat Farzin
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Nebraska−Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Ehsan Zamani
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Nebraska−Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Shudipto K. Dishari
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Nebraska−Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
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10
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Zhang S, Galuska LA, Gu X. Water‐assisted
mechanical testing of polymeric
thin‐films. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Song Zhang
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering The University of Southern Mississippi Hattiesburg Mississippi USA
| | - Luke A. Galuska
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering The University of Southern Mississippi Hattiesburg Mississippi USA
| | - Xiaodan Gu
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering The University of Southern Mississippi Hattiesburg Mississippi USA
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11
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Zhang S, Koizumi M, Cao Z, Mao KS, Qian Z, Galuska LA, Jin L, Gu X. Directly Probing the Fracture Behavior of Ultrathin Polymeric Films. ACS POLYMERS AU 2021; 1:16-29. [PMID: 36855554 PMCID: PMC9954313 DOI: 10.1021/acspolymersau.1c00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Understanding fracture mechanics of ultrathin polymeric films is crucial for modern technologies, including semiconductor and coating industries. However, up to now, the fracture behavior of sub-100 nm polymeric thin films is rarely explored due to challenges in handling samples and limited testing methods available. In this work, we report a new testing methodology that can not only visualize the evolution of the local stress distribution through wrinkling patterns and crack propagation during the deformation of ultrathin films but also directly measure their fracture energies. Using ultrathin polystyrene films as a model system, we both experimentally and computationally investigate the effect of the film thickness and molecular weight on their fracture behavior, both of which show a ductile-to-brittle transition. Furthermore, we demonstrate the broad applicability of this testing method in semicrystalline semiconducting polymers. We anticipate our methodology described here could provide new ways of studying the fracture behavior of ultrathin films under confinement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Zhang
- School
of Polymer Science and Engineering, Center for Optoelectronic Materials
and Device, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406, United States
| | - Masato Koizumi
- Department
of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Zhiqiang Cao
- School
of Polymer Science and Engineering, Center for Optoelectronic Materials
and Device, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406, United States
| | - Keyou S. Mao
- Materials
Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge
National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Zhiyuan Qian
- School
of Polymer Science and Engineering, Center for Optoelectronic Materials
and Device, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406, United States
| | - Luke A. Galuska
- School
of Polymer Science and Engineering, Center for Optoelectronic Materials
and Device, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406, United States
| | - Lihua Jin
- Department
of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States,
| | - Xiaodan Gu
- School
of Polymer Science and Engineering, Center for Optoelectronic Materials
and Device, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406, United States,
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12
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Lin EY, Frischknecht AL, Riggleman RA. Chain and Segmental Dynamics in Polymer–Nanoparticle Composites with High Nanoparticle Loading. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emily Y. Lin
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Amalie L. Frischknecht
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | - Robert A. Riggleman
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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13
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Wang F, Jiang Z, Lin X, Zhang C, Tanaka K, Zuo B, Zhang W, Wang X. Suppressed Chain Entanglement Induced by Thickness of Ultrathin Polystyrene Films. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fengliang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Zhenwei Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Xuanyu Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Cuiyun Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Keiji Tanaka
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Center for Polymer Interface and Molecular Adhesion Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Biao Zuo
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Xinping Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
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14
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Galuska LA, Muckley ES, Cao Z, Ehlenberg DF, Qian Z, Zhang S, Rondeau-Gagné S, Phan MD, Ankner JF, Ivanov IN, Gu X. SMART transfer method to directly compare the mechanical response of water-supported and free-standing ultrathin polymeric films. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2347. [PMID: 33879775 PMCID: PMC8058343 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22473-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrinsic mechanical properties of sub-100 nm thin films are markedly difficult to obtain, yet an ever-growing necessity for emerging fields such as soft organic electronics. To complicate matters, the interfacial contribution plays a major role in such thin films and is often unexplored despite supporting substrates being a main component in current metrologies. Here we present the shear motion assisted robust transfer technique for fabricating free-standing sub-100 nm films and measuring their inherent structural-mechanical properties. We compare these results to water-supported measurements, exploring two phenomena: 1) The influence of confinement on mechanics and 2) the role of water on the mechanical properties of hydrophobic films. Upon confinement, polystyrene films exhibit increased strain at failure, and reduced yield stress, while modulus is reduced only for the thinnest 19 nm film. Water measurements demonstrate subtle differences in mechanics which we elucidate using quartz crystal microbalance and neutron reflectometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke A Galuska
- Center for Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, School of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, 39406, USA
| | - Eric S Muckley
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37830, USA
| | - Zhiqiang Cao
- Center for Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, School of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, 39406, USA
| | - Dakota F Ehlenberg
- Center for Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, School of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, 39406, USA
| | - Zhiyuan Qian
- Center for Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, School of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, 39406, USA
| | - Song Zhang
- Center for Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, School of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, 39406, USA
| | - Simon Rondeau-Gagné
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada, N9B3P4
| | - Minh D Phan
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37830, USA
| | - John F Ankner
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37830, USA
| | - Ilia N Ivanov
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37830, USA
| | - Xiaodan Gu
- Center for Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, School of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, 39406, USA.
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15
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You W, Cui W, Yu W. Decoupling hydrodynamic and entanglement effects on the modulus reinforcement of grafted silica filled nanocomposites through Thermal and rheological features. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.123323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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16
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Hsu HP, Kremer K. Efficient equilibration of confined and free-standing films of highly entangled polymer melts. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:144902. [PMID: 33086819 DOI: 10.1063/5.0022781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Equilibration of polymer melts containing highly entangled long polymer chains in confinement or with free surfaces is a challenge for computer simulations. We approach this problem by first studying polymer melts based on the soft-sphere coarse-grained model confined between two walls with periodic boundary conditions in two directions parallel to the walls. Then, we insert the microscopic details of the underlying bead-spring model. Tuning the strength of the wall potential, the monomer density of confined polymer melts in equilibrium is kept at the bulk density even near the walls. In a weak confining regime, we observe the same conformational properties of chains as in the bulk melt showing that our confined polymer melts have reached their equilibrated state. Our methodology provides an efficient way of equilibrating large polymer films with different thicknesses and is not confined to a specific underlying microscopic model. Switching off the wall potential in the direction perpendicular to the walls enables to study free-standing highly entangled polymer films or polymer films with one supporting substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Ping Hsu
- Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Kurt Kremer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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17
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Zhang L, Zhao G, Wang G. Investigation on the influence of fold conformation on PLLA lamellar splaying by film crystallization in supercritical CO2. CrystEngComm 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9ce01903k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Lamellar splaying is an important non-crystallographic phenomenon in polymer spherulite. We prepared three chain conformations (extended, tight-folded and loose-folded) by supercritical CO2 to discuss the origin of lamellar splaying.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education)
- Shandong University
- Jinan
- PR China
| | - Guoqun Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education)
- Shandong University
- Jinan
- PR China
| | - Guilong Wang
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education)
- Shandong University
- Jinan
- PR China
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18
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Gratz M, Tschöpe A. Size Effects in the Oscillatory Rotation Dynamics of Ni Nanorods in Poly(ethylene oxide) Solutions. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b00788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Micha Gratz
- Experimentalphysik, Universität des Saarlandes, Campus D2 2, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Andreas Tschöpe
- Experimentalphysik, Universität des Saarlandes, Campus D2 2, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
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19
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Abdulkarim A, Strunk KP, Bäuerle R, Beck S, Makowska H, Marszalek T, Pucci A, Melzer C, Jänsch D, Freudenberg J, Bunz UHF, Müllen K. Small Change, Big Impact: The Shape of Precursor Polymers Governs Poly-p-phenylene Synthesis. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b00792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Abdulkarim
- InnovationLab, Speyerer Str. 4, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Karl-Philipp Strunk
- Kirchhoff-Institut für Physik, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 227, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Centre for Advanced Materials, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 225, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rainer Bäuerle
- InnovationLab, Speyerer Str. 4, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
- Kirchhoff-Institut für Physik, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 227, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Beck
- InnovationLab, Speyerer Str. 4, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
- Kirchhoff-Institut für Physik, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 227, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hanna Makowska
- Department of Molecular Physics, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Tomasz Marszalek
- Department of Molecular Physics, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Annemarie Pucci
- InnovationLab, Speyerer Str. 4, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
- Kirchhoff-Institut für Physik, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 227, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Centre for Advanced Materials, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 225, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian Melzer
- InnovationLab, Speyerer Str. 4, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
- Kirchhoff-Institut für Physik, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 227, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Centre for Advanced Materials, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 225, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniel Jänsch
- InnovationLab, Speyerer Str. 4, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jan Freudenberg
- InnovationLab, Speyerer Str. 4, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Uwe H. F. Bunz
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Centre for Advanced Materials, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 225, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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Qian Z, Cao Z, Galuska L, Zhang S, Xu J, Gu X. Glass Transition Phenomenon for Conjugated Polymers. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201900062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Qian
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering Center for Optoelectronic Materials and Device The University of Southern Mississippi Hattiesburg MS 39406 USA
| | - Zhiqiang Cao
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering Center for Optoelectronic Materials and Device The University of Southern Mississippi Hattiesburg MS 39406 USA
| | - Luke Galuska
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering Center for Optoelectronic Materials and Device The University of Southern Mississippi Hattiesburg MS 39406 USA
| | - Song Zhang
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering Center for Optoelectronic Materials and Device The University of Southern Mississippi Hattiesburg MS 39406 USA
| | - Jie Xu
- Argonne National Laboratory Lemont IL 60439 USA
| | - Xiaodan Gu
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering Center for Optoelectronic Materials and Device The University of Southern Mississippi Hattiesburg MS 39406 USA
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Kirk J, Wang Z, Ilg P. Entanglement dynamics at flat surfaces: Investigations using multi-chain molecular dynamics and a single-chain slip-spring model. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:094906. [PMID: 30849883 DOI: 10.1063/1.5045301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The dynamics of an entangled polymer melt confined in a channel by parallel plates is investigated by Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations of a detailed, multi-chain model. A primitive path analysis predicts that the density of entanglements remains approximately constant throughout the gap and drops to lower values only in the immediate vicinity of the surface. Based on these observations, we propose a coarse-grained, single-chain slip-spring model with a uniform density of slip-spring anchors and slip-links. The slip-spring model is compared to the Kremer-Grest MD bead-spring model via equilibrium correlation functions of chain orientations. Reasonably good agreement between the single-chain model and the detailed multi-chain model is obtained for chain relaxation dynamics, both away from the surface and for chains whose center of mass positions are at a distance from the surface that is less than the bulk chain radius of gyration, without introducing any additional model parameters. Our results suggest that there is no considerable drop in topological interactions for chains in the vicinity of a single flat surface. We infer from the slip-spring model that the experimental plateau modulus of a confined polymer melt may be different to a corresponding unconfined system even if there is no drop in topological interactions for the confined case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Kirk
- School of Mathematical, Physical and Computational Sciences, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AX, United Kingdom
| | - Zuowei Wang
- School of Mathematical, Physical and Computational Sciences, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AX, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick Ilg
- School of Mathematical, Physical and Computational Sciences, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AX, United Kingdom
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