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Władyczyn A, John Ł. Silsesquioxane Cages under Solvent Regimen: The Influence of the Solvent on the Hydrolysis and Condensation of Alkoxysilane. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:9145-9155. [PMID: 38717973 PMCID: PMC11110017 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c00460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
This study investigates the formation mechanisms of oligomeric phenyl silanols, focusing on polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) and double-decker silsesquioxane (DDSQ) derivatives. Combining literature reports and crystal structures of solvated derivatives obtained in our laboratory, we show that the solvent choice significantly influences their structures. POSS-based silanols prefer aprotic solvents like THF, preserving dimerization, while double-deckers form stable architectures in protic solvents like isopropanol. This discrepancy arises from different stabilization mechanisms. Our findings enhance our understanding of hydrolytic condensation involving trimethoxyphenylsilane and suggest aprotic solvents for efficient reactions with POSS-based silanols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Władyczyn
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, 14 F. Joliot-Curie, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Łukasz John
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, 14 F. Joliot-Curie, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
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2
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Kao YC, Lin JY, Chen WC, Gamal Mohamed M, Huang CF, Chen JH, Kuo SW. High-Thermal Stable Epoxy Resin through Blending Nanoarchitectonics with Double-Decker-Shaped Polyhedral Silsesquioxane-Functionalized Benzoxazine Derivatives. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 16:112. [PMID: 38201777 PMCID: PMC10780953 DOI: 10.3390/polym16010112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
A series of di-functional benzoxazine (BZ) monomers was synthesized, specifically the double-decker silsesquioxane (DDSQ) cage structure (DDSQ-BZ). Comparative analyses were conducted between DDSQ-BZ monomers and the most commonly utilized bisphenol A-functionalized bifunctional benzoxazine (BPA-BZ) monomer. DDSQ-BZ compounds possess better thermal properties such as high char yield and high thermal decomposition temperature (Td10) after thermal ring-opening polymerization (ROP) because the inorganic DDSQ cage nanostructure features a nano-reinforcement effect. In addition, blending inorganic DDSQ-BZ compounds with epoxy resin was explored to form organic/inorganic hybrids with enhanced thermal and mechanical properties following thermal ROP. The improvement in mechanical properties is primarily attributed to the network structure formed by the cross-linking between DDSQ-BZ and the epoxy resin during thermal ROP, as well as hydrogen bonding interactions formed between the hydroxyl groups generated during thermal ROP and the Si-O-Si bonds in the DDSQ structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Chin Kao
- Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, Center for Functional Polymers and Supramolecular Materials, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan; (Y.-C.K.); (W.-C.C.); (M.G.M.)
| | - Jing-Yu Lin
- Department of Chemistry, National Kaohsiung Normal University, Kaohsiung 80201, Taiwan;
| | - Wei-Cheng Chen
- Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, Center for Functional Polymers and Supramolecular Materials, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan; (Y.-C.K.); (W.-C.C.); (M.G.M.)
| | - Mohamed Gamal Mohamed
- Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, Center for Functional Polymers and Supramolecular Materials, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan; (Y.-C.K.); (W.-C.C.); (M.G.M.)
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt
| | - Chih-Feng Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, i-Center for Advanced Science and Technology (iCAST), National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan;
| | - Jung-Hui Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Kaohsiung Normal University, Kaohsiung 80201, Taiwan;
| | - Shiao-Wei Kuo
- Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, Center for Functional Polymers and Supramolecular Materials, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan; (Y.-C.K.); (W.-C.C.); (M.G.M.)
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
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Xiao Y, Lei X, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Ma X, Zhang Q. Double-Decker-Shaped Phenyl-Substituted Silsesquioxane (DDSQ)-Based Nanocomposite Polyimide Membranes with Tunable Gas Permeability and Good Aging Resistance. Sep Purif Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2023.123725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
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Chiang CH, Mohamed MG, Chen WC, Madhu M, Tseng WL, Kuo SW. Construction of Fluorescent Conjugated Polytriazole Containing Double-Decker Silsesquioxane: Click Polymerization and Thermal Stability. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15020331. [PMID: 36679213 PMCID: PMC9863912 DOI: 10.3390/polym15020331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
This study synthesized two azide-functionalized monomers through p-dichloro xylene and double-decker silsesquioxane (DDSQ) units with NaN3 to form DB-N3 and DDSQ-N3 monomers, respectively. In addition, five different propargyl-functionalized monomers were also prepared from hydroquinone, bisphenol A, bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)methanone, 2,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde (then reacted with hydrazine hydrate solution) and 1,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,2-diphenylethene with propargyl bromide to form P-B, P-BPA, P-CO, P-NP, and P-TPE monomers, respectively. As a result, various DDSQ-based main chain copolymers could be synthesized using Cu(I)-catalyzed click polymerization through DDSQ-N3 with different propargyl-functionalized monomers, of which the chemical structure and molecular weight could be confirmed by using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and gel permeation chromatography (GPC) analyses. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy analyses also could characterize the thermal stability, morphology, and optical behaviors of these DDSQ-based copolymers. All results indicate that the incorporation of an inorganic DDSQ cage could improve the thermal stability such as thermal decomposition temperature and char yield, because of the DDSQ dispersion homogeneously in the copolymer matrix, and this would then affect the optical properties of NP and TPE units in this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Husan Chiang
- Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, College of Semiconductor and Advanced Technology Research, Center for Functional Polymers and Supramolecular Materials, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Mohamed Gamal Mohamed
- Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, College of Semiconductor and Advanced Technology Research, Center for Functional Polymers and Supramolecular Materials, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt
- Correspondence: (M.G.M.); (S.-W.K.)
| | - Wei-Cheng Chen
- Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, College of Semiconductor and Advanced Technology Research, Center for Functional Polymers and Supramolecular Materials, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Manivannan Madhu
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Lung Tseng
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Shiao-Wei Kuo
- Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, College of Semiconductor and Advanced Technology Research, Center for Functional Polymers and Supramolecular Materials, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (M.G.M.); (S.-W.K.)
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Shibatsuka T, Kawauchi T. Improvement of thermal properties of polybenzoxazines synthesized from an oligonuclear phenolic compound without sacrificing toughness by introducing crosslinkable groups separated by rigid biphenyl linkers. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Kao YC, Chen WC, EL-Mahdy AFM, Hsu MY, Lin CH, Kuo SW. High Thermal Resistance of Epoxy/Cyanate Ester Hybrids Incorporating an Inorganic Double-Decker-Shaped Polyhedral Silsesquioxane Nanomaterial. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27185938. [PMID: 36144673 PMCID: PMC9502839 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27185938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we prepared a difunctionalized cyanate ester double-decker silsesquioxane (DDSQ-OCN) cage with a char yield and thermal decomposition temperature (Td) which were both much higher than those of a typical bisphenol A dicyanate ester (BADCy, without the DDSQ cage) after thermal polymerization. Here, the inorganic DDSQ nanomaterial improved the thermal behavior through a nano-reinforcement effect. Blending the inorganic DDSQ-OCN cage into the epoxy resin improved its thermal and mechanical stabilities after the ring-opening polymerization of the epoxy units during thermal polymerization. The enhancement in the physical properties arose from the copolymerization of the epoxy and OCN units to form the organic/inorganic covalently bonded network structure, as well as the hydrogen bonding of the OH groups of the epoxy with the SiOSi moieties of the DDSQ units. For example, the epoxy/DDSQ-OCN = 1/1 hybrid, prepared without Cu(II)-acac as a catalyst, exhibited a glass transition temperature, thermal decomposition temperature (Td), and char yield (166 °C, 427 °C, and 51.0 wt%, respectively) that were significantly higher than those obtained when applying typical organic curing agents in the epoxy resin. The addition of Cu(II)-acac into the epoxy/BADCy and epoxy/DDSQ-OCN hybrids decreased the thermal stability (as characterized by the values of Td and the char yields) because the crosslinking density and post-hardening also decreased during thermal polymerization; nevertheless, it accelerated the thermal polymerization to a lower curing peak temperature, which is potentially useful for real applications as epoxy molding compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Chin Kao
- Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, Center for Functional Polymers and Supramolecular Materials, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Cheng Chen
- Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, Center for Functional Polymers and Supramolecular Materials, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Ahmed F. M. EL-Mahdy
- Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, Center for Functional Polymers and Supramolecular Materials, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Meei-Yu Hsu
- Material and Chemical Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Chutung, Hsinchu 31040, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hao Lin
- Material and Chemical Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Chutung, Hsinchu 31040, Taiwan
| | - Shiao-Wei Kuo
- Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, Center for Functional Polymers and Supramolecular Materials, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
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Mohamed MG, Kuo SW. Progress in the self-assembly of organic/inorganic polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) hybrids. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:5535-5561. [PMID: 35880446 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm00635a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This Review describes recent progress in the self-assembly of organic/inorganic POSS hybrids derived from mono-, di-, and multi-functionalized POSS cages. We highlight the self-assembled structures and physical properties of giant surfactants and chain-end- and side-chain-type hybrids derived from mono-functionalized POSS cages; main-chain-type hybrids derived from di-functionalized POSS cages; and star-shaped hybrids derived from multi-functionalized POSS cages; with various polymeric attachments, including polystyrene, poly(methyl methacrylate), phenolic, PVPh, and polypeptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Gamal Mohamed
- Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, Center for Functional Polymers and Supramolecular Materials, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan.
| | - Shiao-Wei Kuo
- Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, Center for Functional Polymers and Supramolecular Materials, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan.
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Double-Decker-Shaped Polyhedral Silsesquioxanes Reinforced Epoxy/Bismaleimide Hybrids Featuring High Thermal Stability. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14122380. [PMID: 35745957 PMCID: PMC9229952 DOI: 10.3390/polym14122380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we synthesized bismaleimide into a functionalized double-decker silsesquioxane (DDSQ) cage. This was achieved by hydrosilylation of DDSQ with nadic anhydride (ND), reacting it with excess p-phenylenediamine to obtain DDSQ-ND-NH2, and treating with maleic anhydride (MA), which finally created a DDSQ-BMI cage structure. We observed that the thermal decomposition temperature (Td) and char yield were both increased upon increasing the thermal polymerization temperature, and that these two values were both significantly higher than pure BMI without the DDSQ cage structure since the inorganic DDSQ nanoparticle could strongly enhance the thermal stability based on the nano-reinforcement effect. Based on FTIR, TGA, and DMA analyses, it was found that blending epoxy resin with the DDSQ-BMI cage to form epoxy/DDSQ-BMI hybrids could also enhance the thermal and mechanical properties of epoxy resin due to the organic/inorganic network formation created by the ring-opening polymerization of the epoxy group and the addition polymerization of the BMI group due to the combination of the inorganic DDSQ cage structure and hydrogen bonding effect. The epoxy/DDSQ-BMI = 1/1 hybrid system displayed high Tg value (188 °C), Td value (397 °C), and char yield (40.4 wt%), which was much higher than that of the typical DGEBA type epoxy resin with various organic curing agents.
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10
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Kuo SW. Hydrogen bonding interactions in polymer/polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane nanomaterials. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-021-02885-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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11
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Sheng W, Yin R, Chen J, Zhang K. High-performance highly cross-linked networks based on ortho-imide functional mono-benzoxazines containing benzocyclobutene group. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2021.105154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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12
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EL-Mahdy AFM, Hozien ZA, Abdelnaser S, Mohammed AAK, El‐Sawaisi SM, El-Sherief HAH. Studies on synthesis and reactions of some new five and six-membered heterocycles bearing 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobenzo[b]thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4(3H)-ones skeleton. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2021.1936058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed F. M. EL-Mahdy
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
- Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Zeinab A. Hozien
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Shimaa Abdelnaser
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
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Gamal Mohamed M, Shiuan Meng T, Kuo SW. Intrinsic water-soluble benzoxazine-functionalized cyclodextrin and its formation of inclusion complex with polymer. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.123827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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14
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Mohamed MG, Chen TC, Kuo SW. Solid-State Chemical Transformations to Enhance Gas Capture in Benzoxazine-Linked Conjugated Microporous Polymers. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Gamal Mohamed
- Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, Center of Crystal Research, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Chun Chen
- Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, Center of Crystal Research, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Shiao-Wei Kuo
- Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, Center of Crystal Research, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
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Mohamed MG, Chen WC, EL-Mahdy AFM, Kuo SW. Porous organic/inorganic polymers based on double-decker silsesquioxane for high-performance energy storage. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-021-02579-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Lu Y, Yu X, Han L, Zhang K. Recent Progress of High Performance Thermosets Based on Norbornene Functional Benzoxazine Resins. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:1417. [PMID: 33925643 PMCID: PMC8124165 DOI: 10.3390/polym13091417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
With the growing demand for high performance polymeric materials in industry, several types of thermosets such as bismaleimides, advanced epoxy resins, cyanate esters, and phenolic resins have been widely investigated to improve the performance of thermosetting products. Among them, benzoxazine resins have received wide attention due to their extraordinarily rich molecular design flexibility, which can customize our needs and adapt increasing requirements. To further improve the properties of polybenzoxiazines, researchers have found that the introduction of a norbornene functional group into the benzoxazine moiety can effectively improve the comprehensive performance of polybenzoxazine thermosets. This article focused on reviewing the recent development of high-performance thermosets based on norbornene functional benzoxazine thermosetting resins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Lu
- Research School of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (Y.L.); (X.Y.)
| | - Xinye Yu
- Research School of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (Y.L.); (X.Y.)
| | - Lu Han
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Kan Zhang
- Research School of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (Y.L.); (X.Y.)
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An effective nucleating agent for isotactic polypropylene (iPP): Zinc bis- (nadic anhydride) double-decker silsesquioxanes. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.123574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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18
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Du WT, Orabi EA, Mohamed MG, Kuo SW. Inter/intramolecular hydrogen bonding mediate miscible blend formation between near-perfect alternating Poly(styrene-alt- hydroxyphenylmaleimide) copolymers and Poly(vinyl pyrrolidone). POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.123542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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19
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Synthesis, Polymerization Kinetics and Thermal Properties of Benzoxazine Resin Containing ortho-Maleimide Functionality. Macromol Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-021-9006-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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20
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Wang T, Guo ZY, Wang JY, Dayo AQ, Liu WB, Wang J. Modification of traditional benzoxazine by blending with polyfunctional benzoxazines containing aromatic group and fluorene group. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/0954008320974089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A series of polyfunctional benzoxazine monomers containing aromatic and fluorene group (AMFB) were used as modified agents to improve the performance of typical bifunctional bisphenol-A-aniline-based (BA-a) benzoxazine resins. The polymerization behaviors of BA-a/AMFB blends were investigated by using the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), while the dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were used to analyze the thermomechanical and thermal properties of BA-a/AMFB copolymers [poly(BA-a/AMFB)]. Moreover, the cross-section morphologies of poly(BA-a/AMFB) were observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The experimental results showed that BA-a monomer has good catalytic activity for AMFB monomers during the curing process. Compared with BA-a polymer [poly(BA-a)], due to the introduction of heat-resistant fluorene ring and the increase of the crosslinking degree of copolymers, the copolymers showed higher glass transition temperature and better thermal properties. For poly(BA-a/AMFB), the T5, T10, and Yc were higher than those of poly(BA-a). With the increase of the alkyl chain length of AMFB monomers, the cross-section creases gradually changed from linear to dendritic, and the number of creases increased significantly, which indicated that the toughness of the copolymers was significantly improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Material and Surface Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhi-yi Guo
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Material and Surface Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, China
| | - Jun-yi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Material and Surface Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, China
| | - Abdul Qadeer Dayo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences, Quetta, Pakistan
| | - Wen-bin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Material and Surface Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Material and Surface Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, China
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21
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Corrosion Resistance of Mild Steel Coated with Phthalimide-Functionalized Polybenzoxazines. COATINGS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings10111114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we synthesized two new phthalimide-functionalized benzoxazine monomers, pPP-BZ and oPP-BZ, through Mannich reactions of 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)isoindoline-1,3-dione (pPP) and 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)isoindoline-1,3-dione (oPP), respectively, with p-toluidine and paraformaldehyde. The structures of these two monomers were confirmed using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. We used differential scanning calorimetry, FTIR spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis to study the polymerization behavior and thermal stability of the monomers and their corresponding polybenzoxazines. Poly(pPP-BZ) and poly(oPP-BZ) were formed on mild steel (MS) through spin-coating and subsequent thermal curing polymerization. We used various corrosion testing methods to examine the effect of the curing temperature on the corrosion resistance of the coated MS samples in 3.5 wt.% aqueous solution of NaCl. Among our tested systems, the corrosion rate reached a low of 2.78 µm·Y−1 for the MS coated with poly(pPP-BZ)180 (i.e., the coating that had been cured at 180 °C); this value is much lower than that (4.8 µm·Y−1) reported for a maleimide-based benzoxazine compound (MI-Bz)/33 wt.% ACAT (amine-capped aniline trimer) blend. Thus, the incorporation of the imide functional group into the PBZ coatings is an effective strategy for affording high-performance corrosion resistance.
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Chen WC, Liu YT, Kuo SW. Highly Thermal Stable Phenolic Resin Based on Double-Decker-Shaped POSS Nanocomposites for Supercapacitors. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12092151. [PMID: 32967220 PMCID: PMC7570050 DOI: 10.3390/polym12092151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study we incorporated various amounts of a double-decker silsesquioxane (DDSQ) into phenolic/DDSQ hybrids, which we prepared from a bifunctionalized phenolic DDSQ derivative (DDSQ-4OH), phenol, and CH2O under basic conditions (with DDSQ-4OH itself prepared through hydrosilylation of nadic anhydride with DDSQ and subsequent reaction with 4-aminophenol). We characterized these phenolic/DDSQ hybrids using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; 1H, 13C, and 29Si nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS); and thermogravimetric analysis. The thermal decomposition temperature and char yield both increased significantly upon increasing the DDSQ content, with the DDSQ units providing an inorganic protection layer on the phenolic surface, as confirmed through XPS analyses. We obtained carbon/DDSQ hybrids from the phenolic/DDSQ hybrids after thermal curing and calcination at 900 °C; these carbon/DDSQ hybrids displayed electrochemical properties superior to those of previously reported counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Cheng Chen
- Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, Center of Crystal Research, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan; (W.-C.C.); (Y.-T.L.)
| | - Yuan-Tzu Liu
- Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, Center of Crystal Research, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan; (W.-C.C.); (Y.-T.L.)
| | - Shiao-Wei Kuo
- Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, Center of Crystal Research, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan; (W.-C.C.); (Y.-T.L.)
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-7-525-4099
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23
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Yang R, Wang Y, Hao B, Zhang K. Synthesis of ortho-methyltetrahydrophthalimide functional benzoxazine containing phthalonitrile group: Thermally activated polymerization behaviors and properties of its polymer. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/0954008320954519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Two novel benzoxazine monomers, oHMTI-a and oHMTI-pn, have been obtained via the modified Mannich condensation from ortho-4-methyltetrahydrophalimide functional phenol, paraformaldehyde, and aniline/4-aminophthalonitrile, respectively. The chemical structures of both benzoxazine monomers have been studied by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra. Their polymerization processes are investigated using in-situ FT-IR and different scanning calorimetry (DSC). Specifically, the phthalonitrile group in oHMTI-pn can react at a relatively lower temperature without adding any catalysts, which suggests the presence of the thermal synergistic polymerization effect in this benzoxazine monomer. In addition, the thermal and fire related properties of the resulting polybenzoxazines are evaluated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and micro-scale combustion calorimetry (MCC). The polybenzoxazine derived from oHMTI-pn shows both high thermal stability and outstanding flame retardancy, with a T g of 350°C, a T d10 value of 417°C, a high char yield value of 65%, and a very low heat release capacity value of 35.2 J/(g·K).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yuting Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Boran Hao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Kan Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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24
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Directly synthesized nitrogen-and-oxygen–doped microporous carbons derived from a bio-derived polybenzoxazine exhibiting high-performance supercapacitance and CO2 uptake. Eur Polym J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.109954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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25
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Yang R, Hao B, Sun L, Zhang K. Cross‐linked
poly(benzoxazole‐
co
‐siloxane) networks with high thermal stability and low dielectric constant based on a new
ortho
‐amide
functional benzoxazine. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.49792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Jiangsu University Zhenjiang China
| | - Boran Hao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Jiangsu University Zhenjiang China
| | - Lin Sun
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Jiangsu University Zhenjiang China
| | - Kan Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Jiangsu University Zhenjiang China
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26
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Zhao B, Mei H, Liu N, Zheng S. Organic–Inorganic Polycyclooctadienes with Double-Decker Silsesquioxanes in the Main Chains: Synthesis, Self-Healing, and Shape Memory Properties Regulated with Quadruple Hydrogen Bonds. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bingjie Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and the State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Honggang Mei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and the State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Ning Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and the State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Sixun Zheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and the State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
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27
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Enhanced CO2 capture in nitrogen-enriched microporous carbons derived from Polybenzoxazines containing azobenzene and carboxylic acid units. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-020-02179-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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28
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Shen Z, Liu Y, Li J, Xu L, Liu G. Preparation of benzoxazine-modified halloysite nanotubes and its application on epoxy/benzoxazine composites. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/0954008320933659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Benzoxazine monomer (named as B-aptes) was synthesized from 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (KH-550), bisphenol A (BPA), and paraformaldehyde. Subsequently, functionalized halloysite nanotubes were obtained by introducing B-aptes onto the surface of halloysite nanotubes (HNTs). Then, benzoxazine-modified halloysite nanotubes (B-HNTs) were used to combine with BPA epoxy resin to prepare the diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A (DGEBA)/B-HNTs composites. The homogeneous dispersion state of modified HNTs in the cured composite matrix was observed by scanning electron microscopy. Differential scanning calorimetry was used to investigate polymerization behaviors of ternary composites. The results showed that the ternary composite possessed lower polymerization temperature compared with the neat DGEBA/benzoxazine. According to the results of thermogravimetric analysis, the thermal stability of DGEBA/benzoxazine copolymers was improved by the modified HNTs, the char yield increased with the increase of HNTs mass ratio. The results of mechanical tests and dynamic mechanical analysis displayed that the DGEBA/B-HNTs composites possessed promoted mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Shen
- School of Chemical Engineering and Energy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yun Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Energy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Energy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Xu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Energy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guoji Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Energy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
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29
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Liu Y, Peng Y, Luo J, Liu J, Liu X. Investigation on the Effects of Bridging Groups in Aromatic Diphenol-Based Benzoxazines: Curing Reaction and H Bonds. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c01300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Engineering Research Center for Materials Protection of Wear and Corrosion of Guizhou Province, Guiyang University, Guiyang 550005, China
| | - Yunyan Peng
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jun Luo
- Engineering Research Center for Materials Protection of Wear and Corrosion of Guizhou Province, Guiyang University, Guiyang 550005, China
| | - Jingkai Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaoqing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
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30
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Zhang X, Mohamed MG, Xin Z, Kuo SW. A tetraphenylethylene-functionalized benzoxazine and copper(II) acetylacetonate form a high-performance polybenzoxazine. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.122552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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31
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Sato Y, Imoto H, Naka K. Soluble and film‐formable homopolymer tethering side‐opened cage silsesquioxane pendants. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20200161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Sato
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology Kyoto Japan
| | - Hiroaki Imoto
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology Kyoto Japan
- Materials Innovation Lab Kyoto Institute of Technology Kyoto Japan
| | - Kensuke Naka
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology Kyoto Japan
- Materials Innovation Lab Kyoto Institute of Technology Kyoto Japan
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32
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Biobased high-performance tri-furan functional bis-benzoxazine resin derived from renewable guaiacol, furfural and furfurylamine. Eur Polym J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.109706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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33
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Deliballi Z, Kiskan B, Yagci Y. Advanced Polymers from Simple Benzoxazines and Phenols by Ring-Opening Addition Reactions. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Deliballi
- Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, 34469 Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Baris Kiskan
- Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, 34469 Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Yagci
- Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, 34469 Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research (CEAMR) and Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, PO Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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34
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Gamal Mohamed
- Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, Center of Crystal Research, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Shiao-Wei Kuo
- Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, Center of Crystal Research, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
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35
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Chen WC, Tsao YH, Wang CF, Huang CF, Dai L, Chen T, Kuo SW. Main Chain-Type Block Copolymers through Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization from Double-Decker-Shaped Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane Hybrids. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E465. [PMID: 32079321 PMCID: PMC7077682 DOI: 10.3390/polym12020465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we synthesized two main chain-type block copolymers featuring hydrogen bond donor and acceptor segments through atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) using a bifunctionalized polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) nanoparticle as the initiator. Hydrosilylation of vinylbenzyl chloride at the two corners of a double-decker silsesquioxane (DDSQ) provided the bifunctionalized benzyl chloride initiator VBC-DDSQ-VBC, which we applied as a platform to prepare a main chain-type polystyrene homopolymer (PS-DDSQ-PS), the diblock copolymer poly(styrene-b-4-vinylpyridine) (P4VP-b-PS-DDSQ-PS-b-P4VP), and the diblock copolymer poly(styrene-b-tert-butoxystyrene) (PtBuOS-b-PS-DDSQ-PS-b-PtBuOS) through sequential ATRP. Selective hydrolysis of the tert-butoxyl units of PtBuOS-b-PS-DDSQ-PS-b-PtBuOS yielded the strongly hydrogen bonding diblock copolymer poly (styrene-b-vinylphenol) (PVPh-b-PS-DDSQ-PS-b-PVPh). We used Fourier transfer infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, size exclusion chromatography, differential scanning calorimetry, mass-analyzed laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry, and transmission electron microscopy to investigate the chemical structures, thermal behavior, and self-assembled nanostructures formed by these main chain-type block copolymers based on DDSQ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Cheng Chen
- Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, Center of Crystal Research, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan; (W.-C.C.); (Y.-H.T.)
| | - Yu-Hsuan Tsao
- Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, Center of Crystal Research, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan; (W.-C.C.); (Y.-H.T.)
| | - Chih-Feng Wang
- Advanced Membrane Materials Research Center, Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10607, Taiwan;
| | - Chih-Feng Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Road, Taichung 402-27, Taiwan;
| | - Lizong Dai
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Fire Retardant Materials, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China;
| | - Tao Chen
- Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Science, Zhongguan West Road 1219, Ningbo 315201, China;
| | - Shiao-Wei Kuo
- Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, Center of Crystal Research, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan; (W.-C.C.); (Y.-H.T.)
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
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36
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Martos A, Soto M, Schäfer H, Koschek K, Marquet J, Sebastián RM. Highly Crosslinked Polybenzoxazines from Monobenzoxazines: The Effect of Meta-Substitution in the Phenol Ring. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E254. [PMID: 31973239 PMCID: PMC7077280 DOI: 10.3390/polym12020254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
It is possible to control the crosslink density of polymers derived from monobenzoxazines by switching the type of substituents in the phenolic ring and their relative position with respect to the phenol group. We prepared several substituted monobenzoxazines in the para and meta positions of the phenolic ring and studied how these substituents affected the polymerization temperature of monomers and the thermal stability of the final polymers and, more extensively, how they affected the crosslink network of the final polymers. Gel content and dynamic mechanical analysis confirm that ortho- and para-orienting substituents in the meta position generate highly crosslinked materials compared to para ones. This fact can lead to the design of materials with highly crosslinked networks based on monobenzoxazines, simpler and more versatile monomers than the commercial bisbenzoxazines currently in use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Martos
- Department of Chemistry, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona and Centro de Innovación en Química (ORFEO-CINQA), Cerdanyola del Vallés, 08193 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Marc Soto
- Fraunhofer Institute for Manufacturing Technology and Advanced Materials IFAM, Adhesive Bonding Technology and Surfaces, Wiener Strasse 12, 28359 Bremen, Germany; (M.S.); (H.S.); (K.K.)
| | - Hannes Schäfer
- Fraunhofer Institute for Manufacturing Technology and Advanced Materials IFAM, Adhesive Bonding Technology and Surfaces, Wiener Strasse 12, 28359 Bremen, Germany; (M.S.); (H.S.); (K.K.)
| | - Katharina Koschek
- Fraunhofer Institute for Manufacturing Technology and Advanced Materials IFAM, Adhesive Bonding Technology and Surfaces, Wiener Strasse 12, 28359 Bremen, Germany; (M.S.); (H.S.); (K.K.)
| | - Jordi Marquet
- Department of Chemistry, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona and Centro de Innovación en Química (ORFEO-CINQA), Cerdanyola del Vallés, 08193 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Rosa M. Sebastián
- Department of Chemistry, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona and Centro de Innovación en Química (ORFEO-CINQA), Cerdanyola del Vallés, 08193 Barcelona, Spain;
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37
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Zhang K, Liu Y, Evans CJ, Yang S. Easily Processable Thermosets with Outstanding Performance via Smart Twisted Small-Molecule Benzoxazines. Macromol Rapid Commun 2020; 41:e1900625. [PMID: 31958211 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201900625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
High-performance aromatic polymers have excellent thermal, mechanical, and electrical properties and are lightweight, but it is highly challenging to deliver outstanding performances while still maintaining good processability of the precursors. Here, a new family of small-molecule benzoxazine resins with ortho-maleimide functionality is reported, which strikes an exceptional balance between the processability and performance. The excellent processability is attributed to the twisted molecular configurations of ortho-maleimide-substituted benzoxazines, which prevent intermolecular packing in the resin systems. The new benzoxazines can polymerize through multiple routes, which eliminate the twisted structures and create highly cross-linked polymer networks. The resulting new polymers are found to possess fascinating properties such as a high thermal stability (no Tg can be detected before 400 °C), excellent flame retardancy (a heat release capacity of 42.5 J g-1 K-1 ), and low dielectric constants (2.62-2.30 in the frequency range of 1 Hz to 10 MHz). The combined processability and versatility highlight the potential of smart benzoxazines in the preparation of high-performance thermosets, with important new applications that may span aerospace, transportation, and electronic packaging materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kan Zhang
- Research School of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Yuqi Liu
- Research School of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Corey J Evans
- School of Chemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester, LEI 7RH, UK
| | - Shengfu Yang
- School of Chemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester, LEI 7RH, UK
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38
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Affiliation(s)
- Baris Kiskan
- Istanbul Technical UniversityScience Literature Faculty, Department of Chemistry 34469, Maslak Istanbul Turkey
| | - Yusuf Yagci
- Istanbul Technical UniversityScience Literature Faculty, Department of Chemistry 34469, Maslak Istanbul Turkey
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39
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Progress in the Synthesis of Bifunctionalized Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11122098. [PMID: 31847358 PMCID: PMC6960853 DOI: 10.3390/polym11122098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) has been considered as one of the most promising nanofillers in academic and industrial research due to its unique multifunctional nanostructure, easy functionalization, hybrid nature, and high processability. The progress of POSS has been extensive, particularly applications based on single- or multiple-armed POSS. In polymer hybrids, in order to enhance the properties, bifunctional POSS has been incorporated into the backbone chain of the polymer. This review summarizes recent developments in the synthesis, modification, and application of bifunctional POSS-containing composite materials. This includes amino-POSS, hydroxyl-POSS, aromatic ring-POSS, ether-POSS, and vinyl groups-POSS and their applications, exemplified by polyurethanes (PUs) and polyimides (PIs). In addition, the review highlights the enhancement of thermal, mechanical, and optical properties of the composites.
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40
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Highly thermally stable mesoporous Poly(cyanate ester) featuring double-decker–shaped polyhedral silsesquioxane framework. POLYMER 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.121940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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41
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Gungor FS, Bati B, Kiskan B. Combining naphthoxazines and benzoxazines for non-symmetric curable oxazines by one-pot synthesis. Eur Polym J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2019.109352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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42
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Wang YK, Tsai FC, Ma CC, Wang ML, Kuo SW. Using Methacryl-Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane as the Thermal Stabilizer and Plasticizer in Poly(vinyl chloride) Nanocomposites. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1711. [PMID: 31635274 PMCID: PMC6835242 DOI: 10.3390/polym11101711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the influence of methacryl-functionalized polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (MA-POSS) nanoparticles as a plasticizer and thermal stabilizer for a poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) homopolymer and for a poly(vinyl chloride)/dissononyl cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylate (PVC/DINCH) binary blend system. The PVC and the PVC/DINCH blend both became flexible, with decreases in their glass transition temperatures and increases in their thermal decomposition temperatures, upon an increase in MA-POSS content, the result of hydrogen bonding between the C=O groups of MA-POSS and the H-CCl units of the PVC, as determined using infrared spectroscopy. Furthermore, the first thermal decomposition temperature of the pure PVC, due to the emission of HCl, increased from 290 to 306 °C, that is, the MA-POSS nanoparticles had a retarding effect on the decomposition of the PVC matrix. In tensile tests, all the PVC/DINCH/MA-POSS ternary blends were transparent and displayed flexibility, but their modulus and tensile strength both decreased, while their elongation properties increased, upon an increase in MA-POSS concentration, both before and after thermal annealing. In contrast, the elongation decreased, but the modulus and tensile strength increased, after thermal annealing at 100 °C for 7 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Kai Wang
- Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, Center of Crystal Research, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan.
| | - Fang-Chang Tsai
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials (Ministry of Education), Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China.
| | - Chao-Chen Ma
- UPC Technology Corporation, No.3, Kung-Yeh 2nd Rd., Linyuan Dist., Kaohsiung 832, Taiwan.
| | - Min-Ling Wang
- UPC Technology Corporation, No.3, Kung-Yeh 2nd Rd., Linyuan Dist., Kaohsiung 832, Taiwan.
| | - Shiao-Wei Kuo
- Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, Center of Crystal Research, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan.
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
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43
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Imoto H, Ishida A, Hashimoto M, Mizoue Y, Yusa SI, Naka K. Soluble Network Polymers Based on Trifunctional Open-cage Silsesquioxanes. CHEM LETT 2019. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.190536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Imoto
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Goshokaido-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
- Materials Innovation Lab, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Goshokaido-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Ayano Ishida
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Goshokaido-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Mari Hashimoto
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Goshokaido-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Yoko Mizoue
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Hyogo, 2167 Shosha, Himeji, Hyogo 671-2280, Japan
| | - Shin-ichi Yusa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Hyogo, 2167 Shosha, Himeji, Hyogo 671-2280, Japan
| | - Kensuke Naka
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Goshokaido-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
- Materials Innovation Lab, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Goshokaido-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
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44
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Tanaka T, Hasegawa Y, Kawamori T, Kunthom R, Takeda N, Unno M. Synthesis of Double-Decker Silsesquioxanes from Substituted Difluorosilane. Organometallics 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Toru Tanaka
- Hitachi Chemical Company, Ltd., 48 Wadai, Tsukuba 300-4247, Japan
| | | | - Takashi Kawamori
- Hitachi Chemical Company, Ltd., 48 Wadai, Tsukuba 300-4247, Japan
| | - Rungthip Kunthom
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, Kiryu 376-8515, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Takeda
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, Kiryu 376-8515, Japan
| | - Masafumi Unno
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, Kiryu 376-8515, Japan
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45
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Zhang K, Yu X, Kuo SW. Outstanding dielectric and thermal properties of main chain-type poly(benzoxazine-co-imide-co-siloxane)-based cross-linked networks. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py00464e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
A high performance cross-linked polymer with a very low dielectric constant was achieved via a newly designed main-chain type poly(benzoxazine-co-imide-co-siloxane).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kan Zhang
- Research School of Polymeric Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang 212013
- China
| | - Xinye Yu
- Research School of Polymeric Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang 212013
- China
| | - Shiao-Wei Kuo
- Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, Center of Crystal Research
- National Sun Yat-Sen University
- Kaohsiung
- Taiwan
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry
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46
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Akkus B, Kiskan B, Yagci Y. Combining polybenzoxazines and polybutadienes via simultaneous inverse and direct vulcanization for flexible and recyclable thermosets by polysulfide dynamic bonding. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py01056d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Simultaneous inverse and direct vulcanization of a benzoxazine and a polybutadiene gave recyclable films through dynamic S–S bonding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buket Akkus
- Istanbul Technical University
- Science and Literature Faculty
- Department of Chemistry
- Maslak
- Turkey
| | - Baris Kiskan
- Istanbul Technical University
- Science and Literature Faculty
- Department of Chemistry
- Maslak
- Turkey
| | - Yusuf Yagci
- Istanbul Technical University
- Science and Literature Faculty
- Department of Chemistry
- Maslak
- Turkey
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