1
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Mendez LC, Kennedy M, Bhatia SR, Sampson NS. Triblock Glycopolymers with Two 10-mer Blocks of Activating Sugars Enhance the Activation of Acrosomal Exocytosis in Mouse Sperm. ACS BIO & MED CHEM AU 2024; 4:165-177. [PMID: 38911911 PMCID: PMC11191571 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomedchemau.4c00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Carbohydrate recognition is imperative for the induction of sperm acrosomal exocytosis (AE), an essential phenomenon in mammalian fertilization. In mouse sperm, polynorbornene 100-mers displaying fucose or mannose moieties were effective at inducing AE. In contrast, glycopolymers exhibiting glucose sugars resulted in no AE activation. To further elucidate the role of ligand density on the activation of AE in mouse sperm, a triple-stain flow cytometry assay was employed to determine the efficacy of polynorbornene block copolymers with barbell-like sequences as initiators of AE. Triblock (ABA or ABC) copolymers were synthesized by ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) with one or two activating sugars, mannose or fucose, and one nonactivating sugar, glucose. The active ligand fractions in the polymers varied from 10, 20, or 40%. Simultaneously, random copolymers comprising 20% activating ligands were prepared to confirm the importance of ligand positionality in AE activation in mouse sperm. Polynorbornene 100-mers possessing two 10-mer blocks of activating sugars were the most effective copolymers at inducing AE with levels of AE comparable to their homopolymer counterparts and more effective than their random analogues. Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) was then performed to verify that there were no differences in the conformations of the glycopolymers contributing to their varying AE activity. SAXS data analysis confirmed that all of the glycopolymers assumed semiflexible cylindrical structures with similar radii and Kuhn lengths. These findings suggest that the overall ligand density of the sugar moieties in the polymer is less important than the positionality of short blocks of high-density ligands for AE activation in mouse sperm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luz C. Mendez
- Department
of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, United
States
| | - Mitchell Kennedy
- Department
of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, United
States
| | - Surita R. Bhatia
- Department
of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, United
States
| | - Nicole S. Sampson
- Department
of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, United
States
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627-0216, United
States
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2
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Leo CM, Jang J, Corey EJ, Neary WJ, Bowman JI, Kennemur JG. Comparison of Polypentenamer and Polynorbornene Bottlebrushes in Dilute Solution. ACS POLYMERS AU 2024; 4:235-246. [PMID: 38882033 PMCID: PMC11177302 DOI: 10.1021/acspolymersau.3c00052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Bottlebrush (BB) polymers were synthesized via grafting-from-atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of styrene on polypentenamer and polynorbornene macroinitiators with matched grafting density (n g = 4) and backbone degrees of polymerization (122 ≥ N bb ≥ 61) to produce a comparative study on their respective dilute solution properties as a function of increasing side chain degree of polymerization (116 ≥ N sc ≥ 5). The grafting-from technique produced near quantitative grafting efficiency and narrow dispersity N sc as evidenced by spectroscopic analysis and ring closing metathesis depolymerization of the polypentenamer BBs. The versatility of this synthetic approach permitted a comprehensive survey of power law expressions that arise from monitoring intrinsic viscosity, hydrodynamic radius, and radius of gyration as a function of increasing the molar mass of the BBs by increasing N sc. These values were compared to a series of linear (nongrafted, N sc = 0) macroinitiators in addition to linear grafts. This unique study allowed elucidation of the onset of bottlebrush behavior for two different types of bottlebrush backbones with identical grafting density but inherently different flexibility. In addition, grafting-from ATRP of methyl acrylate on a polypentenamer macroinitiator allowed the observation of the effects of graft chemistry in comparison to polystyrene. Differences in the observed scaling relationships in dilute solution as a function of each of these synthetic variants are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney M Leo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32303, United States
| | - Jaehoon Jang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32303, United States
| | - Ethan J Corey
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32303, United States
| | - William J Neary
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Jared I Bowman
- George and Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Justin G Kennemur
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32303, United States
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3
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Wang Z, Cao Z, Hao A, Xing P. Pnictogen bonding in imide derivatives for chiral folding and self-assembly. Chem Sci 2024; 15:6924-6933. [PMID: 38725497 PMCID: PMC11077576 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc00554f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Pnictogen bonding (PnB) is an attraction interaction that originates from the anisotropic distribution of electron density of pnictogen elements, which however has been rarely found in nitrogen atoms. In this work, for the first time, we unveil the general presence of N-involved PnB in aromatic or aliphatic imide groups and reveal its implications in chiral self-assembly of folding. This long-neglected interaction was consolidated by Cambridge structural database (CSD) searching as well as subsequent computational studies. Though the presence of PnB has limited effects on spectroscopic properties in the solution phase, conformation locking effects are sufficiently expressed in the chiral folding and self-assembly behavior. PnB anchors the chiral conformation to control the emergence and inversion of chiroptical signals, while intramolecular PnB induces the formation of supramolecular tilt chirality. It also enables the chiral folding of imide-containing amino acid or peptide derivatives, which induces the formation of unique secondary structural sequences such as β-sheets. Finally, the effects of PnB in directing folded helical structures were revealed. Examples of cysteine and cystine derivatives containing multiple N⋯O and N⋯S PnBs constitute an α-helix like secondary structure with characteristic circular dichroism. This work discloses the comprehensive existence of imide-involved PnB, illustrates its important role in folding and self-assembly, and sheds light on the rational fabrication of conformation-locked compounds and polymers with controllable chiroptical activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoer Wang
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry of Ministry of Education and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University Jinan 250100 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaozhen Cao
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry of Ministry of Education and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University Jinan 250100 People's Republic of China
| | - Aiyou Hao
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry of Ministry of Education and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University Jinan 250100 People's Republic of China
| | - Pengyao Xing
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry of Ministry of Education and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University Jinan 250100 People's Republic of China
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4
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Wesdemiotis C, Williams-Pavlantos KN, Keating AR, McGee AS, Bochenek C. Mass spectrometry of polymers: A tutorial review. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2024; 43:427-476. [PMID: 37070280 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Ever since the inception of synthetic polymeric materials in the late 19th century, the number of studies on polymers as well as the complexity of their structures have only increased. The development and commercialization of new polymers with properties fine-tuned for specific technological, environmental, consumer, or biomedical applications requires powerful analytical techniques that permit the in-depth characterization of these materials. One such method with the ability to provide chemical composition and structure information with high sensitivity, selectivity, specificity, and speed is mass spectrometry (MS). This tutorial review presents and exemplifies the various MS techniques available for the elucidation of specific structural features in a synthetic polymer, including compositional complexity, primary structure, architecture, topology, and surface properties. Key to every MS analysis is sample conversion to gas-phase ions. This review describes the fundamentals of the most suitable ionization methods for synthetic materials and provides relevant sample preparation protocols. Most importantly, structural characterizations via one-step as well as hyphenated or multidimensional approaches are introduced and demonstrated with specific applications, including surface sensitive and imaging techniques. The aim of this tutorial review is to illustrate the capabilities of MS for the characterization of large, complex polymers and emphasize its potential as a powerful compositional and structural elucidation tool in polymer chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Addie R Keating
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio, USA
| | - Andrew S McGee
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio, USA
| | - Calum Bochenek
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio, USA
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5
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Zhao X, Demchuk Z, Tian J, Luo J, Li B, Cao K, Sokolov AP, Hun D, Saito T, Cao PF. Ductile adhesive elastomers with force-triggered ultra-high adhesion strength. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2024; 11:969-977. [PMID: 38053446 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh01280h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Elastomers play a vital role in many forthcoming advanced technologies in which their adhesive properties determine materials' interface performance. Despite great success in improving the adhesive properties of elastomers, permanent adhesives tend to stick to the surfaces prematurely or result in poor contact depending on the installation method. Thus, elastomers with on-demand adhesion that is not limited to being triggered by UV light or heat, which may not be practical for scenarios that do not allow an additional external source, provide a solution to various challenges in conventional adhesive elastomers. Herein, we report a novel, ready-to-use, ultra high-strength, ductile adhesive elastomer with an on-demand adhesion feature that can be easily triggered by a compression force. The precursor is mainly composed of a capsule-separated, two-component curing system. After a force-trigger and curing process, the ductile adhesive elastomer exhibits a peel strength and a lap shear strength of 1.2 × 104 N m-1 and 7.8 × 103 kPa, respectively, which exceed the reported values for advanced ductile adhesive elastomers. The ultra-high adhesion force is attributed to the excellent surface contact of the liquid-like precursor and to the high elastic modulus of the cured elastomer that is reinforced by a two-phase design. Incorporation of such on-demand adhesion into an elastomer enables a controlled delay between installation and curing so that these can take place under their individual ideal conditions, effectively reducing the energy cost, preventing failures, and improving installation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhao
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA.
| | - Zoriana Demchuk
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA.
| | - Jia Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Jiancheng Luo
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA.
| | - Bingrui Li
- The Bredesen Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Graduate Education, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Ke Cao
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA.
| | - Alexei P Sokolov
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Diana Hun
- Buildings and Transportation Science Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA.
| | - Tomonori Saito
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA.
- The Bredesen Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Graduate Education, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Peng-Fei Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
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6
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Fielden SDP, Derry MJ, Miller A, Topham PD, O’Reilly RK. Triggered Polymersome Fusion. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:5824-5833. [PMID: 36877655 PMCID: PMC10021019 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c13049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
The contents of biological cells are retained within compartments formed of phospholipid membranes. The movement of material within and between cells is often mediated by the fusion of phospholipid membranes, which allows mixing of contents or excretion of material into the surrounding environment. Biological membrane fusion is a highly regulated process that is catalyzed by proteins and often triggered by cellular signaling. In contrast, the controlled fusion of polymer-based membranes is largely unexplored, despite the potential application of this process in nanomedicine, smart materials, and reagent trafficking. Here, we demonstrate triggered polymersome fusion. Out-of-equilibrium polymersomes were formed by ring-opening metathesis polymerization-induced self-assembly and persist until a specific chemical signal (pH change) triggers their fusion. Characterization of polymersomes was performed by a variety of techniques, including dynamic light scattering, dry-state/cryogenic-transmission electron microscopy, and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). The fusion process was followed by time-resolved SAXS analysis. Developing elementary methods of communication between polymersomes, such as fusion, will prove essential for emulating life-like behaviors in synthetic nanotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew J. Derry
- Aston
Advanced Materials Research Centre, Aston
University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
| | - Alisha
J. Miller
- School
of Chemistry, University of Birmingham,
Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Paul D. Topham
- Aston
Advanced Materials Research Centre, Aston
University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
| | - Rachel K. O’Reilly
- School
of Chemistry, University of Birmingham,
Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
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7
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Xu M, Chen A, Li W, Li Y, Zou C, Chen C. Efficient Synthesis of Polar Functionalized Polyolefins with High Biomass Content. Macromolecules 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.3c00086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Menghe Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Ao Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Wu Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Yougui Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Chen Zou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Changle Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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8
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Husted KL, Herzog-Arbeitman A, Kleinschmidt D, Zhang W, Sun Z, Fielitz AJ, Le AN, Zhong M, Johnson JA. Pendant Group Modifications Provide Graft Copolymer Silicones with Exceptionally Broad Thermomechanical Properties. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2023; 9:36-47. [PMID: 36712487 PMCID: PMC9881205 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.2c01246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Graft copolymers offer a versatile platform for the design of self-assembling materials; however, simple strategies for precisely and independently controlling the thermomechanical and morphological properties of graft copolymers remain elusive. Here, using a library of 92 polynorbornene-graft-polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) copolymers, we discover a versatile backbone-pendant sequence-control strategy that addresses this challenge. Small structural variations of pendant groups, e.g., cyclohexyl versus n-hexyl, of small-molecule comonomers have dramatic impacts on order-to-disorder transitions, glass transitions, mechanical properties, and morphologies of statistical and block silicone-based graft copolymers, providing an exceptionally broad palette of designable materials properties. For example, statistical graft copolymers with high PDMS volume fractions yielded unbridged body-centered cubic morphologies that behaved as soft plastic crystals. By contrast, lamellae-forming graft copolymers provided robust, yet reprocessable silicone thermoplastics (TPs) with transition temperatures spanning over 160 °C and elastic moduli as high as 150 MPa despite being both unentangled and un-cross-linked. Altogether, this study reveals a new pendant-group-mediated self-assembly strategy that simplifies graft copolymer synthesis and enables access to a diverse family of silicone-based materials, setting the stage for the broader development of self-assembling materials with tailored performance specifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith
E. L. Husted
- Department
of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of
Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Abraham Herzog-Arbeitman
- Department
of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of
Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Denise Kleinschmidt
- Department
of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of
Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Wenxu Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of
Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Zehao Sun
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Alyssa J. Fielitz
- Core
R&D, Analytical Science, The Dow Chemical
Company, Midland, Michigan 48640, United States
| | - An N. Le
- Department
of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Mingjiang Zhong
- Department
of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Jeremiah A. Johnson
- Department
of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of
Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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9
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Tao L, He J, Arbaugh T, McCutcheon JR, Li Y. Machine learning prediction on the fractional free volume of polymer membranes. J Memb Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2022.121131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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10
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Guo YT, Shi C, Du TY, Cheng XY, Du FS, Li ZC. Closed-Loop Recyclable Aliphatic Poly(ester-amide)s with Tunable Mechanical Properties. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ting Guo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Changxia Shi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Tian-Yi Du
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiang-Yue Cheng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Fu-Sheng Du
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zi-Chen Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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11
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Kang N, Cho S, Leonhardt EE, Liu C, Verkhoturov SV, Woodward WHH, Eller MJ, Yuan T, Fitzgibbons TC, Borguet YP, Jahnke AA, Sokolov AN, McIntire T, Reinhardt C, Fang L, Schweikert EA, Spencer LP, Sun G, Xie G, Trefonas P, Wooley KL. Topological Design of Highly Anisotropic Aligned Hole Transporting Molecular Bottlebrushes for Solution-Processed OLEDs. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:8084-8095. [PMID: 35471843 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c00420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Polyvinyl polymers bearing pendant hole transport functionalities have been extensively explored for solution-processed hole transport layer (HTL) technologies, yet there are only rare examples of high anisotropic packing of the HT moieties of these polymers into substrate-parallel orientations within HTL films. For small molecules, substrate-parallel alignment of HT moieties is a well-established approach to improve overall device performance. To address the longstanding challenge of extension from vapor-deposited small molecules to solution-processable polymer systems, a fundamental chemistry tactic is reported here, involving the positioning of HT side chains within macromolecular frameworks by the construction of HT polymers having bottlebrush topologies. Applying state-of-the-art polymer synthetic techniques, various functional subunits, including triphenylamine (TPA) for hole transport and adhesion to the substrate, and perfluoro alkyl-substituted benzyloxy styrene for migration to the air interface, were organized with exquisite control over the composition and placement throughout the bottlebrush topology. Upon assembling the HT bottlebrush (HTB) polymers into monolayered HTL films on various substrates through spin-casting and thermal annealing, the backbones of HTBs were vertically aligned while the grafts with pendant TPAs were extended parallel to the substrate. The overall design realized high TPA π-stacking along the out-of-plane direction of the substrate in the HTLs, which doubled the efficiency of organic light-emitting diodes compared with linear poly(vinyl triphenylamine)s.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Chun Liu
- The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, Michigan 48667, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Travis McIntire
- The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, Michigan 48667, United States
| | - Carl Reinhardt
- The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, Michigan 48667, United States
| | | | | | | | | | - Guohua Xie
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences and Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic Materials, Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Peter Trefonas
- DuPont, Electronics and Imaging Division, Marlborough, Massachusetts 01752, United States
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12
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Xu X, Xu WS. Melt Properties and String Model Description of Glass Formation in Graft Polymers of Different Side-Chain Lengths. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Sheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
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13
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Hydrodynamic alignment and self-assembly of cationic lignin polymers made of architecturally altered monomers. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.127437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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14
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Thoma JL, Duhamel J. Characterization of the Local Volume Probed by the Side-Chain Ends of Poly(oligo(ethylene glycol) 1-Pyrenemethyl ether methacrylate) Bottle Brushes in Solution Using Pyrene Excimer Fluorescence. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Janine L. Thoma
- Institute for Polymer Research, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Jean Duhamel
- Institute for Polymer Research, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
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15
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Chen CH, Lai GQ, Luh TY. Aggregation-Enhanced Excimer Emission of Tetraarylethene Linkers in Ladderphanes. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Hsien Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 10617
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Feng Chia University, Taichung, Taiwan 407
| | - Guo-Qiao Lai
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Tien-Yau Luh
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 10617
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16
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Boyle BM, Collins JL, Mensch TE, Ryan MD, Newell BS, Miyake GM. Impact of Backbone Composition on Homopolymer Dynamics and Brush Block Copolymer Self-Assembly. Polym Chem 2020; 11:7147-7158. [PMID: 33456502 PMCID: PMC7805478 DOI: 10.1039/d0py01007c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Four series of brush block copolymers (BBCP), with near identical side chain compositions but varying backbone structures, were synthesized to investigate the effect of backbone structure on the process of thermal BBCP self-assembly to photonic crystals (PCs). Each of the self-assembled PC films were examined by reflection measurements, small angle X-ray scattering measurements, and scanning electron microscopy to compare the resulting properties of the polymeric photonic crystal and the nanostructured morphology impacted by the backbone structure. It was found that the composition of the brush backbone within a BBCP has a dramatic effect on the ability of the BBCP to self-assemble into ordered nanostructures and on the local ordering of the nanostructure morphology accessed with higher molecular weight (MW) BBCPs (> 1,500 kg/mol). BBCPs with a norbornene imide-based backbone were able to thermally self-assemble to longer wavelength reflecting PCs and had higher fidelity ordering of lamellar nanostructures with higher MW polymers. By analyzing the melt rheological responses of the backbone compositions, both as linear polymers and homobrush polymers, it was concluded that the inherent fragility of the backbone promotes enhanced local ordering in the lamellar nanostructure morphology as well as access to larger domain sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bret M. Boyle
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Joseph L. Collins
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Tara E. Mensch
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Matthew D. Ryan
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Brian S. Newell
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Garret M. Miyake
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
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Patel BB, Walsh DJ, Kim DH, Kwok J, Lee B, Guironnet D, Diao Y. Tunable structural color of bottlebrush block copolymers through direct-write 3D printing from solution. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaaz7202. [PMID: 32577511 PMCID: PMC7286684 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaz7202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Additive manufacturing of functional materials is limited by control of microstructure and assembly at the nanoscale. In this work, we integrate nonequilibrium self-assembly with direct-write three-dimensional (3D) printing to prepare bottlebrush block copolymer (BBCP) photonic crystals (PCs) with tunable structure color. After varying deposition conditions during printing of a single ink solution, peak reflected wavelength for BBCP PCs span a range of 403 to 626 nm (blue to red), corresponding to an estimated change in d-spacing of >70 nm (Bragg- Snell equation). Physical characterization confirms that these vivid optical effects are underpinned by tuning of lamellar domain spacing, which we attribute to modulation of polymer conformation. Using in situ optical microscopy and solvent-vapor annealing, we identify kinetic trapping of metastable microstructures during printing as the mechanism for domain size control. More generally, we present a robust processing scheme with potential for on-the-fly property tuning of a variety of functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijal B. Patel
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Dylan J. Walsh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Do Hoon Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Justin Kwok
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1304 W. Green St., Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Byeongdu Lee
- X-Ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - Damien Guironnet
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Ying Diao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Corresponding author.
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Fahnhorst GW, De Hoe GX, Hillmyer MA, Hoye TR. 4-Carboalkoxylated Polyvalerolactones from Malic Acid: Tough and Degradable Polyesters. Macromolecules 2020; 53:3194-3201. [PMID: 34334815 PMCID: PMC8323767 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Eight 4-carboalkoxyvalerolactones (CRVLs), varying in the composition of their alkyl (R) side chains, were synthesized from malic acid and subjected to ring-opening transesterification polymerization (ROTEP) using diphenyl phosphate [DPP, (PhO)2PO2H] as a catalyst. Each CRVL produced a semicrystalline poly(4-carboalkoxyvalerolactone) (PCRVL), and the nature of the R group impacted the thermal transitions of these polyesters. Bulk polymerizations at 70 °C allowed for preparation of high molar mass samples that contained small amounts of branching, as evidenced by 1H NMR spectroscopy, MALDI spectrometry, size-exclusion chromatography, and eliminative degradation. Tensile testing of these lightly branched, high molar mass samples revealed that these polyesters are tough (tensile toughness values up to 88 ± 33 MJ•m-3) and have Young's moduli (E) up to 186 ± 13 MPa. The acid- and base-catalyzed hydrolytic degradation of the PCRVLs was quantitatively monitored using total organic carbon analysis, and effect of the alkyl chain length on PCRVL hydrolysis rate was determined. Finally, the methyl ester variant of these malic acid-derived thermoplastics is known to be chemically recyclable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant W. Fahnhorst
- Department of Chemistry, 207 Pleasant Street, SE, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Guilhem X. De Hoe
- Department of Chemistry, 207 Pleasant Street, SE, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Marc A. Hillmyer
- Department of Chemistry, 207 Pleasant Street, SE, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Thomas R. Hoye
- Department of Chemistry, 207 Pleasant Street, SE, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
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Recent developments on polymeric membranes for CO2 capture from flue gas. JOURNAL OF POLYMER ENGINEERING 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/polyeng-2019-0298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Polymeric membranes have been widely considered as one of the next-generation technologies for CO2 capture from fossil fuel-derived flue gases. This separation modality requires novel polymeric materials that possess efficient CO2/N2 separation properties, as well as chemical and mechanical stability for a multiyear membrane lifetime. In this paper, recent developments in polymeric membranes tailored for post-combustion carbon capture are reviewed. The selected polymeric materials encompass ether oxygen-rich polymers, polynorbornenes, ionic liquid membranes, and facilitated transport membranes. In each of the selected materials, noteworthy research efforts for material design and membrane formation are highlighted. The performances of the selected materials are compared in the CO2/N2 selectivity-CO2 permeance plot. As the only class of materials reviewed herein that have demonstrated the fabrication of thin-film composite membranes in scale, facilitated transport membranes have shown both high selectivity and permeance at relevant conditions for post-combustion carbon capture. However, comprehensive field tests are needed to resolve the technical gap between the material development and the commercial application.
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Liu X, Liu F, Liu W, Gu H. ROMP and MCP as Versatile and Forceful Tools to Fabricate Dendronized Polymers for Functional Applications. POLYM REV 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/15583724.2020.1723022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Clean Technology of Leather Manufacture, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fangfei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Clean Technology of Leather Manufacture, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wentao Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Clean Technology of Leather Manufacture, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Haibin Gu
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Clean Technology of Leather Manufacture, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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