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Zhang J, Bai T, Liu W, Li M, Zang Q, Ye C, Sun JZ, Shi Y, Ling J, Qin A, Tang BZ. All-organic polymeric materials with high refractive index and excellent transparency. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3524. [PMID: 37316490 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39125-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
High refractive index polymers (HRIPs) have drawn attention for their optoelectronic applications and HRIPs with excellent transparency and facile preparation are highly demanded. Herein, sulfur-containing all organic HRIPs with refractive indices up to 1.8433 at 589 nm and excellent optical transparency even in one hundred micrometre scale in the visual and RI region as well as high weight-average molecular weights (up to 44500) are prepared by our developed organobase catalyzed polymerization of bromoalkynes and dithiophenols in yields up to 92%. Notably, the fabricated optical transmission waveguides using the resultant HRIP with the highest refractive index display a reduced propagation loss compared with that generated by the commercial material of SU-8. In addition, the tetraphenylethylene containing polymer not only exhibits a reduced propagation loss, but also is used to examine the uniformity and continuity of optical waveguides with naked eyes because of its aggregation-induced emission feature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecules Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Tianwen Bai
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecules Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Weixi Liu
- College of Optical Science and Engineering and International Research Center for Advanced Photonics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Mingzhao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Qiguang Zang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecules Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Canbin Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Jing Zhi Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecules Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Yaocheng Shi
- College of Optical Science and Engineering and International Research Center for Advanced Photonics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jun Ling
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecules Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Anjun Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
- Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecules Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
- Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
- School of Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Aggregate Science and Technology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518172, China.
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2
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Li B, Wang J, He B, Qin A, Tang BZ. Activated Internal
Alkyne‐Based
Polymerization. CHINESE J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202200073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Baixue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, Center for Aggregation Induced Emission, AIE Institute South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Jia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, Center for Aggregation Induced Emission, AIE Institute South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Benzhao He
- Center for Advanced Materials Research, Advanced Institute of Natural Sciences Beijing Normal University at Zhuhai Zhuhai 519085 China
| | - Anjun Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, Center for Aggregation Induced Emission, AIE Institute South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, Center for Aggregation Induced Emission, AIE Institute South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
- School of Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Aggregate Science and Technology The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Guangdong 518172 China
- Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong, China
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3
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4
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Liu X, Liang X, Hu Y, Han L, Qu Q, Liu D, Guo J, Zeng Z, Bai H, Kwok RTK, Qin A, Lam JWY, Tang BZ. Catalyst-Free Spontaneous Polymerization with 100% Atom Economy: Facile Synthesis of Photoresponsive Polysulfonates with Multifunctionalities. JACS AU 2021; 1:344-353. [PMID: 34467298 PMCID: PMC8395608 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.0c00100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Photoresponsive polymers have attracted extensive attention due to their tunable functionalities and advanced applications; thus, it is significant to develop facile in situ synthesis strategies, extend polymers family, and establish various applications for photoresponsive polymers. Herein, we develop a catalyst-free spontaneous polymerization of dihaloalkynes and disulfonic acids without photosensitive monomers for the in situ synthesis of photoresponsive polysulfonates at room temperature in air with 100% atom economy in high yields. The resulting polysulfonates could undergo visible photodegradation with strong photoacid generation, leading to various applications including dual-emissive or 3D photopatterning, and practical broad-spectrum antibacterial activity. The halogen-rich polysulfonates also exhibit a high and photoswitched refractive index and could undergo efficient postfunctionalizations to further expand the variety and functionality of photoresponsive heteroatom-containing polyesters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Liu
- Department
of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research
Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, and Institute for
Advanced Study, The Hong Kong University
of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xin Liang
- College
of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, 700 Changcheng Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266109 China
| | - Yubing Hu
- Department
of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research
Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, and Institute for
Advanced Study, The Hong Kong University
of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lei Han
- Department
of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research
Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, and Institute for
Advanced Study, The Hong Kong University
of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- College
of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, 700 Changcheng Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266109 China
| | - Qing Qu
- Nano
Science and Technology Program and William Mong Institute of Nano
Science and Technology, The Hong Kong University
of Science and Technology, Clear
Water Bay, Hong Kong China
| | - Dongming Liu
- Center
for Aggregation-Induced Emission, SCUT-HKUST Joint Research Institute,
State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jing Guo
- State
Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Zebing Zeng
- State
Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Haotian Bai
- Department
of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research
Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, and Institute for
Advanced Study, The Hong Kong University
of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ryan T. K. Kwok
- Department
of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research
Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, and Institute for
Advanced Study, The Hong Kong University
of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- HKUST-Shenzhen
Research Institute, No.
9 Yuexing first RD, South Area, Hi-tech Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Anjun Qin
- Center
for Aggregation-Induced Emission, SCUT-HKUST Joint Research Institute,
State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jacky W. Y. Lam
- Department
of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research
Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, and Institute for
Advanced Study, The Hong Kong University
of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- HKUST-Shenzhen
Research Institute, No.
9 Yuexing first RD, South Area, Hi-tech Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- Department
of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research
Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, and Institute for
Advanced Study, The Hong Kong University
of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- HKUST-Shenzhen
Research Institute, No.
9 Yuexing first RD, South Area, Hi-tech Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen 518057, China
- Center
for Aggregation-Induced Emission, SCUT-HKUST Joint Research Institute,
State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- AIE Institute, Guangzhou Development District, Huangpu, Guangzhou 510530, China
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Abstract
Novel polymerizations based on alkyne monomers are becoming a powerful tool to construct polymers with unique structures and advanced functions in the areas of polymer and material sciences, and scientists have been attracted to develop a variety of novel polymerizations in recent decades. Therein, catalytic systems play an indispensable role in the influence of polymerization efficiencies and the performances of the resultant polymers. Concerning the shortcomings of metallic catalysts, much of the recent research focus has been on metal-free polymerization systems. In this paper, metal-free catalysts are classified and the corresponding polymerizations are reviewed, including organobase-catalyzed polymerizations, Lewis-acid-catalyzed polymerizations, as well as catalyst-free polymerizations. Moreover, the challenges and perspectives in this area are also briefly discussed.
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6
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Zhu G, Fu W, Han B, Shi J, Tong B, Cai Z, Zhi J, Dong Y. Catalyst-Free Multicomponent Cyclopolymerizations of Diisocyanides, Activated Alkynes, and 1,4-Dibromo-2,3-Butanedione: a Facile Strategy toward Functional Polyiminofurans Containing Bromomethyl Groups. Macromol Rapid Commun 2020; 42:e2000463. [PMID: 32989821 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202000463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Polymers containing iminofuran (PIFs) are rarely reported due to the lack of simple and effective synthesis methods. In this work, a novel multicomponent cyclopolymerization (MCCP) of diisocyanides, activated alkynes, and 1,4-dibromo-2,3-butanedione using catalyst-free one-pot reactions under mild conditions to prepare PIFs containing bromomethyl groups is reported. PIFs with good solubility and thermal stability are obtained with high Mw s (up to 19 600) and good yields (up to 89.5%) under optimized polymerization conditions. The structure of the PIFs is characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and gel permeation chromatography. The photophysical properties indicate that polymers P1a2b3 and P1c2b3 have cluster-triggered emission characteristics. Thin films made from PIFs quickly degrade under UV irradiation. Moreover, the obtained polymers are decorated with bromomethyl and carboxylate groups in the side chain, which can be postfunctionalized to prepare multifunctional materials, such as star branched polymers and biomedical carrier materials. Thus, this work not only enriches the field of polymerization based on isocyanates and activated alkynes but also provides a facile strategy toward functional iminofuran polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guinan Zhu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Weiqiang Fu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Binru Han
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jianbing Shi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Bin Tong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zhengxu Cai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Junge Zhi
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yuping Dong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
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7
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Wang J, Chen Y, Ye C, Qin A, Tang BZ. C(sp3)–H Polyamination of Internal Alkynes toward Regio- and Stereoregular Functional Poly(allylic tertiary amine)s. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Yue Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Canbin Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Anjun Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Institute for Advanced Study, and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong China
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8
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Wang J, Bai T, Chen Y, Ye C, Han T, Qin A, Ling J, Tang BZ. Palladium/Benzoic Acid-Catalyzed Regio- and Stereoselective Polymerization of Internal Diynes and Diols through C(sp 3)-H Activation. ACS Macro Lett 2019; 8:1068-1074. [PMID: 35619449 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.9b00448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The C-H activation has been a hot research area in organic chemistry, and the most difficult one is the C(sp3)-H activation. Although the C-H activation has been introduced to the research of synthetic polymer chemistry, the polymerization developed based on C(sp3)-H activation is rarely reported, which will enrich the tools for the preparation of functional polymers. In this work, palladium/benzoic acid catalyzed polymerization of internal diynes and diols through C(sp3)-H activation was successfully established. Regio- and stereoregular functional poly(allylic ether)s with 100% E-isomers and high weight average molecular weights (Mw up to 33200) were prepared in excellent yield (98%). The reaction mechanism was unveiled with the assistance of density functional theory calculations. Furthermore, the thin films of polymers display high refractive indices and low optical dispersions. The polymer containing tetraphenylethene moiety displays the aggregation-enhanced emission feature and could be used to generate 2D fluorescent photopattern. Thus, this work not only establishes a powerful polymerization based on C(sp3)-H activation, but also furnishes functional polymers for diverse applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Tianwen Bai
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yue Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Canbin Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Ting Han
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Centre for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Institute for Advanced Study, and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Anjun Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jun Ling
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Centre for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Institute for Advanced Study, and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
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9
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Zhao C, Meng X, Lu R, Xie H, Liu J. Sulfur-containing polymers from terpolymerization of active methylene compounds, carbon disulfide, and dihalohydrocarbons: synthesis and properties. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py01121h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Sulfur-containing polymers with a high refractive index were synthesized via terpolymerization of active methylene compounds, CS2, and dihalohydrocarbons in excellent yields with high molecular weights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhao
- National & Local United Engineering Laboratory for Power Battery
- Department of Chemistry
- Northeast Normal University
- Changchun
- China
| | - Xianghe Meng
- National & Local United Engineering Laboratory for Power Battery
- Department of Chemistry
- Northeast Normal University
- Changchun
- China
| | - Rou Lu
- National & Local United Engineering Laboratory for Power Battery
- Department of Chemistry
- Northeast Normal University
- Changchun
- China
| | - Haiming Xie
- National & Local United Engineering Laboratory for Power Battery
- Department of Chemistry
- Northeast Normal University
- Changchun
- China
| | - Jun Liu
- National & Local United Engineering Laboratory for Power Battery
- Department of Chemistry
- Northeast Normal University
- Changchun
- China
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