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Fradin C, Guittard F, Perepichka IF, Darmanin T. Soft-template electropolymerization of 3,4-(2,3-naphtylenedioxy)thiophene-2-acetic acid esters favoring dimers: Controlling the surface nanostructure by side ester groups. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.140684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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2
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Aerathupalathu Janardhanan J, Chen YL, Liu CT, Tseng HS, Wu PI, She JW, Hsiao YS, Yu HH. Sensitive Detection of Sweat Cortisol Using an Organic Electrochemical Transistor Featuring Nanostructured Poly(3,4-Ethylenedioxythiophene) Derivatives in the Channel Layer. Anal Chem 2022; 94:7584-7593. [PMID: 35588463 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c00497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we examined the influence of functionalized poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) nanostructures decorated on the channel layer of an organic electrochemical transistor (OECT) for the detection of sweat cortisol, an adrenocorticosteroid stress hormone. The OECT device featured a bilayer channel confined by a PEDOT:polystyrenesulfonate (PSS) underlayer and a nanostructure-decorated upper layer engineered from the monomers EDOT-COOH and EDOT-EG3 through template-free electrochemical polymerization. This molecular design allowed antibody conjugation using 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide/N-hydroxysulfosuccinimide coupling through the carboxylic acid side chain, with EDOT-EG3 known to minimize nonspecific binding of biomolecules. We also engineered an OECT device having a channel area without any nanostructures to gain insight into the effect of the nanostructures on cortisol sensing. Our new nanostructure-embedded OECT device facilitated real-time detection of cortisol at concentrations ranging from 1 fg/mL to 1 μg/mL with a detection limit of 0.0088 fg/mL with good linearity (R2 = 0.9566), in addition to excellent selectivity toward cortisol among other structurally similar interfering compounds and high stability and reproducibility. With its rapid response for the detection of 100 ng/mL cortisol-spiked artificial sweat, this nanostructure-decorated OECT device has potential clinical practicality and utility in wearable sensors for future healthcare applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayakrishnan Aerathupalathu Janardhanan
- Smart Organic Materials Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Section 2, Research Institute Road, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.,Taiwan International Graduate Program (TIGP), Sustainable Chemical Science & Technology (SCST), Academia Sinica, No. 128, Section 2, Research Institute Road, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.,Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University (NYCU), Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Lin Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology (NTUST), Keelung Road, Da'an District, Taipei 106335, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ting Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Roosevelt Road, Da'an District, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Hsueh-Sheng Tseng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology (NTUST), Keelung Road, Da'an District, Taipei 106335, Taiwan
| | - Po-I Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology (NTUST), Keelung Road, Da'an District, Taipei 106335, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Wei She
- Smart Organic Materials Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Section 2, Research Institute Road, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.,Taiwan International Graduate Program (TIGP), Nano Science & Technology Program, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Section 2, Research Institute Road, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.,Department of Engineering and System Science, National Tsing Hua University (NTHU), Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Sheng Hsiao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology (NTUST), Keelung Road, Da'an District, Taipei 106335, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Hua Yu
- Smart Organic Materials Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Section 2, Research Institute Road, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.,Taiwan International Graduate Program (TIGP), Sustainable Chemical Science & Technology (SCST), Academia Sinica, No. 128, Section 2, Research Institute Road, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
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Sow S, Dihissou S, Dramé A, Sene A, Orange F, Dieng SY, Guittard F, Darmanin T. Tunable Nanoporous Structures with Rose Petal Effect by Soft‐Template Electropolymerization of Benzotrithiophene Monomers. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202200354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Salif Sow
- Université Cheikh Anta Diop Faculté des Sciences et Techniques Département de Chimie B.P. 5005 Dakar, Sénégal
| | | | - Abdoulaye Dramé
- Université Cheikh Anta Diop Faculté des Sciences et Techniques Département de Chimie B.P. 5005 Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Aboubacary Sene
- Université Cheikh Anta Diop Faculté des Sciences et Techniques Département de Chimie B.P. 5005 Dakar, Sénégal
| | - François Orange
- Université Côte d'Azur Centre Commun de Microscopie Appliquée (CCMA) 06200 Nice France
| | - Samba Yandé Dieng
- Université Cheikh Anta Diop Faculté des Sciences et Techniques Département de Chimie B.P. 5005 Dakar, Sénégal
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Fradin C, Guittard F, Darmanin T. Highly conjugated carbazole-based monomers for the control of nanotubular surface structures by soft template electropolymerization. PURE APPL CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/pac-2021-0206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
In this work, a bioinspired approach is used to prepare nanotubular structures with tunable hydrophobicity and water adhesion by a soft template surfactant-free electropolymerization in organic solvent. Various highly conjugated carbazole-based molecules are used as monomer. The presence of water in the organic solvent enables the formation of porous and rough nanostructures. Their shapes depend essentially on the nature of the monomer and the way it polymerizes. Various morphologies were obtained from nanoparticles network to horizontally or vertically aligned nanotubes. The nanostructured surfaces reach superhydrophobic properties and their dynamical behavior varies with the monomer from sticky to slippery. For example, using 9,3′:6′,9″-tercarbazole (TC) very long nanotubes are observed but their number is higher at constant potential. At high deposition charge, it is observed that most of the tubes are even collapsed leading to a strong increase of surface hydrophobicity with apparent contact angle up to 143° with strong water adhesion comparable to rose petals or gecko foot.
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A bioinspired approach to fabricate fluorescent nanotubes with strong water adhesion by soft template electropolymerization and post-grafting. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 606:236-247. [PMID: 34390991 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS In this original work, we aim to control both the surface wetting and fluorescence properties of extremely ordered and porous conducting polymer nanotubes prepared by soft template electropolymerization and post-grafting. For reaching this aim, various substituents of different hydrophobicity and fluorescence were post-grafted and the post-grafting yields were evaluated by surface analyses. We show that the used polymer is already fluorescent before post-grafting while the post-grafting yield and as a consequence the surface hydrophobicity highly depend on the substituent. EXPERIMENTS Here, we have chosen to chemically grafting various fluorinated and aromatic substituents using a post-grafting in order to keep the same surface topography. Flat conducting polymer surfaces with similar properties have been also prepared for determining the surface energy with the Owens-Wendt equation and estimating the post-grafting yield by X-ray Photoemission Spectroscopy (XPS) and Time of Flight Secondary Emission Spectrometry (ToF-SIMS). For example, using fluorinated chains of various length (C4F9, C6F13 and C8F17), it is demonstrated that the surface hydrophobicity and oleophobicity do not increase with the fluorinated chain length due to the different post-grafting yields and because of the presence of nanoroughness after post-grafting. FINDINGS These surfaces have high apparent water contact angle up to 130.5° but also strong water adhesion, comparable to rose petal effect even if there are no nanotubes on petal surface. XPS and ToF-SIMS analyses provided a detailed characterisation of the surface chemistry with a qualitative classification of the grafted surfaces (F6 > F4 > F8). SEM analysis shows that grafting does not alter the surface morphology. Finally, fluorescence analyses show that the polymer surfaces before post-treatment are already nicely fluorescent. Although the main goal of this paper was and is to understand the role of surface chemistry in tailoring the wetting properties of these surfaces rather than provide specific application examples, we believe that the obtained results can help the development of specific nanostructured materials for potential applications in liquid transport, or in stimuli responsive antimicrobial surfaces.
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Fradin C, Orange F, Amigoni S, Szczepanski CR, Guittard F, Darmanin T. Micellar formation by soft template electropolymerization in organic solvents. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 590:260-267. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.01.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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7
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Fradin C, Guittard F, Darmanin T. A soft template approach to various porous nanostructures from conjugated carbazole-based monomers. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 584:795-803. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Densely packed open microspheres by soft template electropolymerization of benzotrithiophene-based monomers. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2020.137677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Amsallem D, Bedi A, Tassinari F, Gidron O. Relation between Morphology and Chiroptical Properties in Chiral Conducting Polymer Films: A Case Study in Chiral PEDOT. Macromolecules 2020; 53:9521-9528. [PMID: 33191953 PMCID: PMC7660938 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The electronic properties of conducting polymers are influenced by their micro- and macrostructural orders, which can be tailored by substituent modification. However, while the effect of substituents on conducting polymers is extensively investigated, chiral substituents are far less studied. Furthermore, many chiral conducting polymers have regioirregular structures, which result in polymer films with inferior properties. In this work, we apply electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectroscopy to study the morphological changes to the chiral polymers under different polymerization conditions. For this purpose, we investigated 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) derivatives having two stereogenic centers on each monomer and bearing methyl or phenyl side groups (dimethyl-EDOT and diphenyl-EDOT, respectively). Polymerizing the enantiomerically pure monomers produces regioregular and stereoregular dimethyl-PEDOT and diphenyl-PEDOT, respectively. The effect of the electrolyte and solvent on polymer film morphology was studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and ECD, showing a correlation between the polymer's morphology and the chiroptical properties of its films. We found that, for diphenyl-PEDOT, the combination of perchlorate anion electrolyte and acetonitrile solvent resulted in a unique morphology characterized by significant intermolecular interactions. These interactions were clearly observable in the ECD spectra in the form of exciton couplings, whose presence was supported by TD-DFT calculations. A small enantiomeric excess was sufficient to induce very intense ECD signals, demonstrating chiral amplification in electropolymerized films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Amsallem
- The
Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram, 9190401 Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Anjan Bedi
- The
Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram, 9190401 Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Francesco Tassinari
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann
Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ori Gidron
- The
Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram, 9190401 Jerusalem, Israel
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3,4-Ethylenedioxythiophenes: methods of construction and postmodification (microreview). Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-020-02791-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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11
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Bousrih I, El Kateb M, Szczepanski CR, Beji M, Guittard F, Darmanin T. A bioinspired strategy for designing well-ordered nanotubular structures by templateless electropolymerization of thieno[3,4- b]thiophene-based monomers. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2020; 378:20190450. [PMID: 32008445 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2019.0450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Here, a bioinspired strategy is used to prepare well-ordered nanotubular structures, as observed in animals and plants, such as gecko toe pads or corals. The nanotubes are obtained by templateless electropolymerization of thieno[3,4-b]thiophene-based monomers with various aromatic groups in an organic solvent (dichloromethane). The most interesting and robust structures were obtained with carbazole and pyrene substituents to the base monomer structure, since these groups participate significantly in the polymerization and also have strong π-stacking interactions. The addition of water to electropolymerization solvent significantly impacted the formation of nanotubes, as it caused the release of a significant amount of H2 and O2 bubbles, depending on the electropolymerization method. Identifying templateless approaches to vary nanotubular structures is very interesting, as these materials are sought-after for applications in water harvesting systems. This article is part of the theme issue 'Bioinspired materials and surfaces for green science and technology (part 3)'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imen Bousrih
- Laboratory of Structural Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Mejda El Kateb
- Laboratory of Structural Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Caroline R Szczepanski
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Mohammed Beji
- Laboratory of Structural Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Frédéric Guittard
- Université Côte d'Azur, NICE Lab, 06200 Nice, France
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
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Tuning nanotubular structures by templateless electropolymerization with thieno[3,4-b]thiophene-based monomers with different substituents and water content. J Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 564:19-27. [PMID: 31896424 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2019.12.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Here, templateless electropolymerization is employed to produce nanotubular structures from various thieno[3,4-b]thiophene-based monomers that differ in substituent structure and size, as well as the linker connecting the thieno[3,4-b]thiophene core and substituent. The formation of densely packed vertically aligned are obtained from monomers with a pyrene substituent and when a significant amount of water (CH2Cl2 + H2O) is included in the solvent. The geometrical parameters of the nanotubes are highly dependent on the electopolymerization method. A significant amount of air is trapped within the structure of the densely packed open nanotubes obtained with Qs = 100 mC cm-2 causing an increase in water contact angle (θw) up to 82.6° (intermediate state between the Wenzel and the Cassie-Baxter state), and θw can become even more hydrophobic by further modifying the deposition method or the electrolyte.
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